Bloodstream Infections
What is a Bloodstream Infection?
A bloodstream infection, also known as bacteremia, is the presence of bacterial, fungal, or other microorganisms in the circulatory system. Generally, this indicates sepsis, a potentially life-threatening condition. Bloodstream infections occur when bacteria, viruses, fungi, or other microbial organisms enter the bloodstream and cause a systemic infection in the body.
Signs and Symptoms
Signs and symptoms of a bloodstream infection may include:
- Fever
- Chills
- Rapid heart rate
- Low blood pressure
- Confusion
- Malaise
- Fatigue
- Nausea
Causes
Bloodstream infections can be caused by a variety of different organisms, including bacteria, fungi, and viruses. Common causes of a bloodstream infection include:
- Meningitis
- Pneumonia
- Urinary tract infection
- Gastrointestinal infection
- Infection resulting from intravenous (IV) lines
- Skin or eye infections
Risk Factors
Risk factors for developing a bloodstream infection include:
- Weakened immune system due to illness or medications
- Long-term hospitalization
- Use of a central venous catheter for accessing the bloodstream
- Recent surgery
- Chronic diseases, such as diabetes
- Alcoholism
Diagnosis
Doctors may use a variety of tests and procedures to diagnose a bloodstream infection, including:
- Physical examination
- Blood tests
- Urine tests
- Chest X-ray
- CT scan
- Ultrasound
- Stool sample
- Cultures of blood, urine, and/or sputum
Treatment
Treatment of a bloodstream infection may include:
- Antibiotics
- Antiviral medications
- Surgery
- IV fluids
- Transfusions
- Dialysis
- Ventilation support
Prevention
You may be able to prevent a bloodstream infection by:
- Practicing good hygiene
- Regularly washing your hands
- Maintaining a clean home and workspace
- Avoiding contact with sick people
- Getting vaccinated
- Avoiding intravenous drug use
- If you are hospitalized, ask your doctor about antibiotic prophylaxis or infections prevention practices
- Requesting a wave of antibiotics if you have an indwelling catheter