NOSCAM

NOSCAM Uses, Dosage, Side Effects, Food Interaction and all others data.

Antazoline is a 1st generation antihistamine with anticholinergic activity. It is used to relieve nasal congestion. It is also formulated as eye drops with naphazoline to relieve allergic conjunctivitis.

Antazoline is a histamine H1 receptor antagonist. It selectively bind to but does not activate histamine H1 receptors, thereby blocking the actions of endogenous histamine.

Naphazoline is a rapid acting imidazoline sympathomimetic vasoconstrictor of ocular or nasal artierioles. It acts to decrease congestion and is found in many over the counter (OTC) eye drops and nasal preparations.

Naphazoline was first developed in 1942 as a nasal formulation for congestion.

Naphazoline is a sympathomimetic alpha adrenergic agonist that acts to vasoconstrict nasal or ocular arterioles, resulting in reduced congestion at the site of administration.

NOSCAM
Uses
Dosage
Side Effect
Precautions
Interactions
Uses during Pregnancy
Uses during Breastfeeding
Accute Overdose
Food Interaction
Half Life
Volume of Distribution
Clearance
Interaction With other Medicine
Contradiction
Storage

Trade Name	NOSCAM
Generic	Antazoline + Naphazoline
Type
Therapeutic Class
Manufacturer
Available Country
Last Updated:	September 19, 2023 at 7:00 am

Uses

Antazoline is an antihistamine agent used for the symptomatic treatment of nasal congestion and allergic conjunctivitis.

Used to relieve nasal congestion and in eye drops, usually in combination with naphazoline, to relieve the symptoms of allergic conjunctivitis.

Naphazoline is a sympathomimetic vasoconstrictor used for the symptomatic relief of redness and itching of the eye, and nasal congestion.

Naphazoline is indicated for use as OTC eyedrops for ocular vasoconstriction or as a nasal preparation for nasal congestion.

NOSCAM is also used to associated treatment for these conditions: Eye allergyBacterial Conjunctivitis, Blepharoconjunctivitis, Conjunctivitis, Conjunctivitis allergic, Dacryocystitis, Dacryostenosis, Dermatitis, Eczematous of the Eyelid, Eye Pain, Eye redness, Iritis, Lacrimation, Nasal Allergies, Nasal Congestion, Noninfective conjunctivitis, Otitis Media (OM), Photophobia, Foreign body sensation in eye, Ocular bacterial infections, Ocular vasoconstriction

How NOSCAM works

Antazoline binds to the histamine H1 receptor. This blocks the action of endogenous histamine, which subsequently leads to temporary relief of the negative symptoms brought on by histamine.

Naphazoline is a vasoconstrictor that functions by stimulating alpha adrenergic receptors in arterioles leading to decreased congestion at the site of administration.

Naphazoline causes the release of norepinephrine in sympathetic nerves. Norepinephrine binds to alpha adrenergic receptors and causes vasoconstriction. Naphazoline is also a mild beta adrenergic receptor agonist, which can cause rebound vasodilation after the alpha adrenergic stimulation has ended. Naphazoline's release of norepinephrine also triggers a negative feedback loop which decreases production of norepinephrine, which can lead to rhinitis medicamentosa after long term use when naphazoline is stopped.

Toxicity

In high doses or when ingested, naphazoline can lead to central nervous system depression (which can progress to coma and death), hypothermia, bradycardia, and death. This effect is especially pronounced in children under 6 years.

Long term use of naphazoline can lead to rhinitis medicamentosa once naphazoline is stopped. This condition is a result of norepinephrine release by naphazoline triggering a negative feedback loop.

Safety and effectiveness in children under 12 has not been established. Studies in elderly patients have yet to be performed. Risk in pregnancy, breast feeding, and on overall fertility have not been established, though pregnant and breast feeding patients should consider the risk and benefit before starting naphazoline treatment.

Volume of Distribution

Distribution data for naphazoline are scarce but imidazoline compounds are distributed throughout the body, and can cross the blood-brain barrier.

Elimination Route

Absorption data for naphazoline are scarce but imidazoline compounds in general are weakly basic and lipophilic, with high bioavailability from the gastrointestinal tract.

Half Life

Half life has not been determined but effects last for 4 to 8 hours. Other imidazoline compounds have half lives varying from 2 to 12 hours.

Clearance

Clearance data for naphazoline is unavailable.

Elimination Route

Imidazoline compounds undergo some hepatic metabolism but a large fraction of the dose may be excreted unchanged in the urine. Urinary excretion is higher with more acidic urine.