A1

A1 Uses, Dosage, Side Effects, Food Interaction and all others data.

A1 is a member of the Benzimidazole group of anthelmintic agents which is an ideal broad spectrum anthelmintic. A1 inhibits polymerization of tubulin causes loss of cytoplasmic microtubules that leads to impaired uptake of glucose, depletes glycogen stores, degenerative change in the endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria & decrease production of ATP. It also inhibits the enzyme fumarate reductase which is a co-enzyme in many cellular oxidation-reduction reactions result no energy production and immobilization and death of parasites.

A1 is a broad-spectrum anthelmintic. The principal mode of action for albendazole is by its inhibitory effect on tubulin polymerization which results in the loss of cytoplasmic microtubules.

Trade Name A1
Availability Prescription only
Generic Albendazole
Albendazole Other Names Albendazol, Albendazole, Albendazolum, Eskazole, Proftril
Related Drugs doxycycline, metronidazole, vancomycin, ivermectin, Flagyl, itraconazole, mebendazole, Vibramycin, tinidazole, nitazoxanide
Type Tablet
Formula C12H15N3O2S
Weight Average: 265.331
Monoisotopic: 265.088497429
Protein binding

70% bound to plasma protein

Groups Approved, Vet approved
Therapeutic Class Anti-helminthic
Manufacturer Greenco Biologicals Pvt Ltd
Available Country India
Last Updated: September 19, 2023 at 7:00 am
A1
A1

Uses

A1is used as anthelmintic against most nematodes and cestodes. It is effective against these gastro-intestinal parasites Bunostomum, Chabertia, Cooperia, Haemonchus, Ostertagia, Nematodirus, Strongyloides, Dictyocaulusviviparus, Monieziaexpansa, Liver flukes and Paramphistomes. It is also effective against different types of worms, lung flukes and lung nematodes.

A1 is also used to associated treatment for these conditions: Ascariasis, Hookworm Infection, Hydatid disease caused by Echinococcus granulosus, Neurocysticercosis caused by Taenia solium, Other specified protozoal diseases

How A1 works

A1 causes degenerative alterations in the tegument and intestinal cells of the worm by diminishing its energy production, ultimately leading to immobilization and death of the parasite. It works by binding to the colchicine-sensitive site of tubulin, thus inhibiting its polymerization or assembly into microtubules. As cytoplasmic microtubules are critical in promoting glucose uptake in larval and adult stages of the susceptible parasites, the glycogen stores of the parasites are depleted. Degenerative changes in the endoplasmic reticulum, the mitochondria of the germinal layer, and the subsequent release of lysosomes result in decreased production of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), which is the energy required for the survival of the helminth.

Dosage

A1 dosage

To keep animal free from helminths animal should be treated at 3 months interval.

Cattle & Buffalo: 7.5-10 mg/kg body weight or 14 bolus for 30-40 kg body weight, 12 bolus for 60-80 kg body weight & 1 boli for 120-160 kg body weight.

Goat & Sheep: 5-7.5 mg/kg body weight or 112 bolus for 13-20 kg body weight & 1 6 bolus for 27-40 kg body weight.

Dog & Cat: 15 mg/kg body weight or 18 bolus for 8-10 kg body weight & 14 bolus for 16-20 kg body weight.

Or as directed by the registered Veterinarian.

Side Effects

A1 is time tested and clinically proven well tolerated drug. Established wide safety margin than any other anthelmentic due to greater selective affinity for parasitic b-tubulin than for animal tissues. However, in some cases nausea and vomiting may occur.

Toxicity

Symptoms of overdose include elevated liver enzymes, headaches, hair loss, low levels of white blood cells (neutropenia), fever, and itching.

Precaution

Before using A1 inform the registered Veterinarian that your animals are not allergic to it; or to other benzimidazole anthelmintic drugs (e.g. Mebendazole).

Interaction

A1 has been shown to induce liver enzymes of the cytochrome P-450 system responsible for its own metabolism. There is, therefore, a theoretical risk of interaction with theophylline, anticonvulsants, anticoagulants, oral contraceptives and oral hypoglycaemics. Care should therefore be exercised during the introduction of A1 in patients receiving the above groups of compounds

Food Interaction

  • Take with a high fat meal. A high fat meal increases solubility and absorption. Take with food when treating systemic infections.

[Moderate] ADJUST DOSING INTERVAL: Food enhances the oral bioavailability of albendazole, which is rapidly converted by hepatocytes and intestinal mucosal cells into the active metabolite, albendazole sulfoxide (ABZSX), following absorption.

The proposed mechanism is stimulation of gastric acid secretion, as the absorption of albendazole is thought to be pH-dependent.

According to the product labeling, plasma concentrations of ABZSX are up to 5-fold higher on average when albendazole is administered with a fatty meal (fat content approximately 40 g) compared to administration in the fasted state.

In one study of six healthy male volunteers, administration of a single 10 mg

The elimination half-life was not affected.
br> MONITOR: Grapefruit juice may increase the oral bioavailability of albendazole, which is rapidly converted by hepatocytes and intestinal mucosal cells into the active metabolite, albendazole sulfoxide (ABZSX), following absorption.

The proposed mechanism is inhibition of CYP450 3A4-mediated first-pass metabolism in the gut wall by certain compounds present in grapefruit.

In six healthy male volunteers, administration of a single 10 mg

However, because pharmacokinetic interactions involving grapefruit juice are often subject to a high degree of interpatient variability, the extent to which a given patient may be affected is difficult to predict.

MANAGEMENT: To ensure maximal oral absorption, albendazole should be taken with food.

Grapefruit juice may also enhance the oral bioavailability of albendazole.

Elimination Route

Poorly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract due to its low aqueous solubility. Oral bioavailability appears to be enhanced when coadministered with a fatty meal (estimated fat content 40 g)

Half Life

Terminal elimination half-life ranges from 8 to 12 hours (single dose, 400mg).

Elimination Route

A1 is rapidly converted in the liver to the primary metabolite, albendazole sulfoxide, which is further metabolized to albendazole sulfone and other primary oxidative metabolites that have been identified in human urine. Urinary excretion of albendazole sulfoxide is a minor elimination pathway with less than 1% of the dose recovered in the urine. Biliary elimination presumably accounts for a portion of the elimination as evidenced by biliary concentrations of albendazole sulfoxide similar to those achieved in plasma.

Pregnancy & Breastfeeding use

A1 should not use first 45 days of pregnancy of cow. Do not administer to ewes or does during the first 30 days of pregnancy. Sufficient data on use during lactation is not available. Therefore breast feeding should be discontinued during and for a minimum of 5 days after treatment.

Contraindication

This is known to be teratogenic and embryo-toxic in some animals. Therefore it should not be administered during pregnancy or in women thought to be pregnant. It should only be used in the treatment of echinococcosis if there is constant medical supervision with regular monitoring of serumtransaminase concentrations and of leucocyte and platelet counts.

Acute Overdose

If poisoning or excessive overdosageis suspected, it is recommended for vomiting be induction or gastric lavage and such symptomatic supportive therapy to be administered.

Interaction with other Medicine

Cimetidine, Praziquantel and Dexamethasone have been reported to increase the plasma levels of A1 active metabolite.

Storage Condition

Do not store above 30 degree centigrade. Keep away from light and out of the reach of children.

Innovators Monograph

You find simplified version here A1

A1 contains Albendazole see full prescribing information from innovator A1 Monograph, A1 MSDS, A1 FDA label

FAQ

What is A1 used for?

A1 is used to treat neurocysticercosis, an infection of the nervous system caused by pork tapeworms.A1 is also used to treat cystic hydatid disease of the liver, lung, and peritoneum, an infection caused by dog tapeworms.A1 is used to treat infections caused by worms.

How safe is A1?

The facts that A1 is safe and easy to administer, both in treatment of individuals and in treatment of whole communities where it has been given by paramedical and nonmedical personnel, have enabled its use to improve general community health, including the improved nutrition and development of children.

How does A1 work?

It works by keeping the worm from absorbing sugar (glucose), so that the worm loses energy and dies.

How long does it take A1 to work?

Depending on the type of infection you have, it could take up to three days before you start to feel the effects of A1.

What are the common side effects of A1?

Common side effects of A1 are include:Nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, headache, or temporary hair loss may occur. If any of these effects last or get worse, tell your doctor or pharmacist promptly.

Is A1 safe during pregnancy?

A1 are well tolerated, with no adverse events in pregnant women and their fetuses when given after the first trimester of pregnancy. Anthelminthic medicines must not be given during the first trimester.

Is A1 safe during breastfeeding?

After an oral dose of 400 mg attain low concentrations in breast milk that are unlikely to be considered harmful for the breastfed infant.

Can I drink alcohol with A1?

A1 may cause liver problems. Because drinking alcohol increases the risk of liver problems, limit alcoholic beverages while using A1.

When is the best time to take A1?

Take A1 with meals, especially with food containing fat, to help your body absorb the medicine better. You may crush or chew the tablet and swallow it with water.

How long does A1 stay in my system?

A1 400 MG Tablet may remain active in your body for an approximate duration of 2 to 3 days.

How many times can I take A1?

The dose is usually 400 milligrams 2 times a day, taken with meals for 28 days. This is followed by not taking A1 for 14 days, for a total of 3 cycles. Adults weighing less than 60 kg.Dose is based on body weight and must be determined by your doctor.

Can I take A1 for a long time?

Do not use more of it, do not use it more often, and do not use it for a longer time than your doctor ordered. To do so may increase the chance of side effects.

Is A1 taken on empty stomach?

You should take each dose of A1 with a meal. Taking it on an empty stomach may lead to inadequate blood levels and reduced effectiveness of the medication. Grapefruit juice can also increase the absorption of A1.

Who should not take A1?

If you are a type of blood disorder with a decrease in all types of blood cells called pancytopenia. low blood counts due to bone marrow failure.,anemia. low levels of a type of white blood cell called neutrophils.

How quickly does A1 work?

Depending on the type of infection you have, it could take up to three days before you start to feel the effects of A1.

Is A1 safe for humans?

The facts that A1 is safe and easy to administer, both in treatment of individuals and in treatment of whole communities where it has been given by paramedical and nonmedical personnel, have enabled its use to improve general community health, including the improved nutrition and development of children.

Is A1 safe for kidneys?

A1 should be immediately discontinued if acute renal failure due to hypersensitivity reaction is suspected.

Who should not take A1?

A1 may harm an unborn baby. Use effective birth control while taking A1 and for at least 3 days after your last dose.

What happens if I miss a dose?

Take the medicine as soon as you can, but skip the missed dose if it is almost time for your next dose. Do not take two doses at one time.

Can A1 cause death?

Known adverse effects of A1 include alopecia, transaminase elevation, and neutropenia.A1 leading to death from septic shock is reported.

What happen if I overdose on A1?

If someone has overdosed and has serious symptoms such as passing out or trouble breathing, Otherwise, call a poison control center right away.

*** Taking medicines without doctor's advice can cause long-term problems.
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