Ai Ke Xin

Ai Ke Xin Uses, Dosage, Side Effects, Food Interaction and all others data.

Ai Ke Xin causes an accumulation of adenosine, adenine nucleotides and cAMP by inhibiting the activity of adenosine deaminase and phosphodiesterase thus inhibiting platelet aggregation and may cause vasodilation.

Ai Ke Xin, a non-nitrate coronary vasodilator that also inhibits platelet aggregation, is combined with other anticoagulant drugs, such as warfarin, to prevent thrombosis in patients with valvular or vascular disorders. Ai Ke Xin is also used in myocardial perfusion imaging, as an antiplatelet agent, and in combination with aspirin for stroke prophylaxis.

Trade Name Ai Ke Xin
Availability Prescription only
Generic Dipyridamole
Dipyridamole Other Names Dipiridamol, Dipyridamine, Dipyridamole, Dipyridamolum, Dipyudamine, Dypyridamol
Related Drugs aspirin, warfarin, Coumadin, adenosine, Ecotrin, Jantoven, regadenoson, Lexiscan, Persantine
Type
Formula C24H40N8O4
Weight Average: 504.6256
Monoisotopic: 504.317251808
Protein binding

99%

Groups Approved
Therapeutic Class Anti-platelet drugs
Manufacturer
Available Country China
Last Updated: September 19, 2023 at 7:00 am
Ai Ke Xin
Ai Ke Xin

Uses

Ai Ke Xin is used for Prophylaxis of thromboembolism following cardiac valve replacement, Secondary prophylaxis of stroke or transient ischaemic attack

Ai Ke Xin is also used to associated treatment for these conditions: Coronary Artery Disease (CAD), Postoperative Thromboembolism, Stroke, Transient Ischemic Attack, Thrombotic events, Anti-platelet Therapy

How Ai Ke Xin works

Ai Ke Xin likely inhibits both adenosine deaminase and phosphodiesterase, preventing the degradation of cAMP, an inhibitor of platelet function. This elevation in cAMP blocks the release of arachidonic acid from membrane phospholipids and reduces thromboxane A2 activity. Ai Ke Xin also directly stimulates the release of prostacyclin, which induces adenylate cyclase activity, thereby raising the intraplatelet concentration of cAMP and further inhibiting platelet aggregation.

Dosage

Ai Ke Xin dosage

Prophylaxis of thromboembolism following cardiac valve replacement:

  • Adult: 300-600 mg/day in divided doses with an oral anticoagulant.
  • Child: 5 mg/kg/day in divided doses.

Secondary prophylaxis of stroke or transient ischaemic attack:

  • Adult: As modified-release preparation: 200 mg bid, with or without aspirin.

Should be taken on an empty stomach. Take 1 hr before meals. May be taken with meals to reduce GI discomfort.

Side Effects

GI disturbances, headache, dizziness, faintness, facial flushing, skin rash, liver dysfunction, angina. Large doses may lower BP.

Toxicity

Hypotension, if it occurs, is likely to be of short duration, but a vasopressor drug may be used if necessary. The oral LD50 in rats is greater than 6,000 mg/kg while in the dogs, the oral LD50 is approximately 400 mg/kg. LD50=8.4g/kg (orally in rat)

Precaution

In patients with rapidly worsening angina, subvalvular aortic stenosis, haemodynamic instability associated with recent MI or coagulation disorders esp when given IV during myocardial imaging. Hypotension, unstable angina, aortic stenosis. Pregnancy and lactation. Safety and efficacy are not established in childn < 12 yrs.

Interaction

Aminophylline may reverse vasodilatation effect. Useful combination with aspirin in prevention of thromboembolism. Efficacy reduced by concurrent admin of antacids. Concurrent use may increase the cardiotoxic effects of adenosine.

Food Interaction

  • Avoid herbs and supplements with anticoagulant/antiplatelet activity. Examples include garlic, ginger, bilberry, danshen, piracetam, and ginkgo biloba.
  • Avoid xanthines. Xanthines, found in coffee and tea, can reduce the effectiveness of this medication.
  • Take with or without food. Taking dipyridamole extrended release capusels with a high-fat meal minimally reduces it's AUC and Cmax.

[Moderate] ADJUST DOSING INTERVAL: Caffeine and other xanthine derivatives (e.g., theophylline) are nonspecific, competitive antagonists of adenosine receptors.

As such, they may interfere with the vasodilating effect of dipyridamole, an adenosine receptor agonist.

In studies of healthy volunteers, caffeine has been shown to reduce the hemodynamic response (i.e., heart rate increases, vasodilation, blood pressure changes) to dipyridamole infusions, and both caffeine and theophylline have been reported to cause false-negative results in myocardial scintigraphy tests using dipyridamole.

MANAGEMENT: Patients should avoid consumption of caffeine-containing products for at least 24 hours prior to administration of dipyridamole for myocardial perfusion imaging.

Volume of Distribution

  • 1 to 2.5 L/kg

Elimination Route

70%

Half Life

40 minutes

Clearance

  • 2.3-3.5 mL/min/kg

Elimination Route

Ai Ke Xin is metabolized in the liver to the glucuronic acid conjugate and excreted with the bile.

Pregnancy & Breastfeeding use

Pregnancy Category B. Either animal-reproduction studies have not demonstrated a fetal risk but there are no controlled studies in pregnant women or animal-reproduction studies have shown an adverse effect (other than a decrease in fertility) that was not confirmed in controlled studies in women in the 1st trimester (and there is no evidence of a risk in later trimesters).

Contraindication

Hypersensitivity. Peptic ulcer.

Acute Overdose

Symptoms: warm feeling, flushes, sweating, restlessness, weakness, dizziness, hypotension and tachycardia.

Management: treatment is symptomatic. Empty stomach by gastric lavage. Haemodialysis unlikely to be useful.

Storage Condition

Store below 25° C.

Innovators Monograph

You find simplified version here Ai Ke Xin

Ai Ke Xin contains Dipyridamole see full prescribing information from innovator Ai Ke Xin Monograph, Ai Ke Xin MSDS, Ai Ke Xin FDA label

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https://www.ebi.ac.uk/chebi/searchId.do?chebiId=CHEBI:4653
http://www.hmdb.ca/metabolites/HMDB0015110
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https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/summary/summary.cgi?sid=46506292
https://www.chemspider.com/Chemical-Structure.2997.html
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https://mor.nlm.nih.gov/RxNav/search?searchBy=RXCUI&searchTerm=3521
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https://zinc.docking.org/substances/ZINC000000643046
http://bidd.nus.edu.sg/group/cjttd/ZFTTDDRUG.asp?ID=DNC001625
http://www.pharmgkb.org/drug/PA449367
http://www.rxlist.com/cgi/generic2/dipyrid.htm
https://www.drugs.com/cdi/dipyridamole.html
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dipyridamole
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