Amizal
Amizal Uses, Dosage, Side Effects, Food Interaction and all others data.
Amizal is a synthetic analogue of ubiquinone (also known as Coenzyme Q10), a vital cell antioxidant and essential component of the Electron Transport Chain (ETC). It has been proposed that by interacting with the ETC, idebenone increases ATP production required for mitochondrial function, reduces free radicals, inhibits lipid peroxidation, and consequently protects the lipid membrane and mitochondria from oxidative damage . More specifically, idebenone is thought to transfer electrons directly to complex III of the mitochondrial ETC, thereby circumventing complex I and restoring cellular energy (ATP) generation .
Due to its ability to reduce oxidative damage and improve ATP production, idebenone was originally investigated for its potential use in Alzheimer's Disease and other cognitivie disorders . Lack of improvement in cognitive function halted its production for these conditions, however it continues to be investigated for use in other conditions associated with mitochondrial damage.
Amizal is currently only indicated for use by the European Medicines Agency (EMA) for the treatment of visual impairment in adolescent and adult patients withLeber’s Hereditary Optic Neuropathy (LHON). LHON is a mitochondrially inherited degeneration of retinal ganglion cells, resulting in acute central vision loss. Due to its biochemical mode of action, it's thought that idebenone may re-activate viable-but-inactive retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) in LHON patients . It is not currently approved for use by either the Food and Drug Administration (USA) or Health Canada.
| Trade Name | Amizal |
| Generic | Idebenone |
| Idebenone Other Names | idebenona, idébénone, Idebenone |
| Type | |
| Formula | C21H34O5 |
| Weight | Average: 366.498 Monoisotopic: 366.240624195 |
| Groups | Approved, Investigational |
| Therapeutic Class | |
| Manufacturer | |
| Available Country | Portugal |
| Last Updated: | September 19, 2023 at 7:00 am |
Uses
Amizal is an analogue of ubiquinone used for the treatment of visual impairment in adolescent and adult patients with Leber’s Hereditary Optic Neuropathy (LHON).
Amizal is indicated for use by the European Medicines Agency (EMA) for the treatment of visual impairment in adolescent and adult patients with Leber’s Hereditary Optic Neuropathy (LHON). It is not currently approved for use by either the Food and Drug Administration (USA) or Health Canada .
Amizal is also used to associated treatment for these conditions: Alzheimer's Disease (AD), Leber's hereditary optic atrophy neuropathy
How Amizal works
Amizal is a synthetic analogue of ubiquinone (also known as Coenzyme Q10), a vital cell antioxidant and essential component of the Electron Transport Chain (ETC). It has been proposed that by interacting with the ETC, idebenone increases ATP production required for mitochondrial function, reduces free radicals, inhibits lipid peroxidation, and consequently protects the lipid membrane and mitochondria from oxidative damage . More specifically, idebenone is thought to transfer electrons directly to complex III of the mitochondrial ETC, thereby circumventing complex I and restoring cellular energy (ATP) generation .
Toxicity
The most commonly reported adverse reactions to idebenone are mild to moderate diarrhoea (usually not requiring the discontinuation of the treatment), nasopharyngitis, cough and back pain .
Food Interaction
- Take with food.
Volume of Distribution
Experimental data have shown that idebenone passes the blood-brain barrier and is distributed at significant concentrations in cerebral tissue. Following oral administration pharmacologically relevant concentrations of idebenone are detectable in the aqueous humor of the eye .
Elimination Route
After oral administration, idebenone is rapidly absorbed. On repeat dosing, maximum plasma concentrations of idebenone are reached on average within 1 hour (median 0.67 h range: 0.33-2.00 h). Food increases the bioavailability of idebenone by approximately 5-7-fold and i therefore should always be administered with food .
Elimination Route
The main route of elimination is metabolism, with the majority of dose excreted via the kidneys as metabolites. After a single or repeated oral dose of 750 mg of idebenone, QS4+QS4-C were the most prominent idebenone-derived metabolites in urine, representing on average between 49.3% and 68.3% of the total administered dose. QS6+QS6 represented 6.45% to 9.46%, whereas QS10+QS10-C and IDE+IDE-C were close to 1% or below .
Innovators Monograph
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