Antox Antiseptic Disinfectant

Uses

Castor oil is an ingredient used in a variety of natural health products.

Indicated for over-the-counter use as a laxative for oral use and as a soothing agent for topical use on skin and hair.

Disinfectant for skin and gloved hands; obstetrics, antiseptic lubricant for vaginal examinations and on forceps; for hand antisepsis .

For the disinfection of clean and intact skin. For pre-operative surgical hand disinfection, hand disinfection on the ward prior to aseptic procedures or after handling contaminated materials. For disinfection of the patients' skin prior to surgery or other invasive procedures

Used to destroy or kill the nail matrix (matrixectomies) .

Antox Antiseptic Disinfectant is also used to associated treatment for these conditions: Constipation, Occasional ConstipationSkin Infections, Oral Hygiene, Skin disinfectionInfection, Preoperative Skin Preparation, Skin disinfection, Prophylaxis of bacterial skin infectionsDehydration Hypertonic, Isotonic Dehydration, Nail Removal, Organ Preservation, Parenteral Nutrition

How Antox Antiseptic Disinfectant works

Castor oil is a mix of triglycerides consisting of mainly ricinolein, linoleic acid, oleic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid, dihydroxystearic acid, and traces of other fatty acids . The main pharmacodynamic effects of castor oil are mediated by ricinoleic acid, a hydroxylated fatty acid released from castor oil by intestinal lipases . It was believed that ricinoleic acid acts as an anionic surfactant that reduces net absorption of fluid and electrolytes, and stimulates intestinal peristalsis . However, a recent study suggests that ricinoleic acid interacts with EP3 prostanoid receptors expressed on intestinal and uterine smooth muscles. Via activating EP3 prostanoid receptors on intestinal and uterine smooth muscle cells, ricinoleic acid promotes laxation and uterus contraction, respectively . EP3 receptor act as the major prostanoid receptor in the intestine mediating propulsive effects on gut motility, and activation of EP3 receptors has been demonstrated to evoke contraction of uterine smooth muscle .

As a phenol antiseptic, it is believed that the hydroxyl -OH groups of the chloroxylenol molecule binds to certain proteins on the cell membrane of bacteria, and disrupts the membrane so as to allow the contents of the bacterial cell to leak out . This allows chloroxylenol to enter the bacterial cell to bind further with more proteins and enzymes to disable the cell's functioning . At particularly high concentrations of chloroxylenol, the protein and nucleic acid content of targeted bacterial cells become coagulated and cease to function, leading to rapid cell death .

Because of its high-level alkalinity, sodium hydroxide in aqueous solution directly causes bond breakage in proteins (especially disulfide bridges). Hair and fingernails are found to be dissolved after 20 hours of direct contact with sodium hydroxide at pH values higher than 9.2 .

Sodium hydroxide has depilatory effects which have been described after accidental contact with solutions in the workplace. The breakage of bonds in proteins may lead to severe necrosis to the application site. The level of corrosion depends on the period of contact with the tissue, and on the concentration of sodium hydroxide .

Dosage

Antox Antiseptic Disinfectant dosage

Wash with one table spoonful of Chloroxylenol to a tumbler of water (1 in 13) for urgent application, undiluted Chloroxylenol may be used but not in a sensitive skin.

Squeeze thumbnail size amount in your palm then briskly rub hands together until dry. Use as often as required.

To completely remove germs from hands wash your hand with this Anti-Germ Hand Wash for 20 seconds using the below WHO recommended 7 steps:

• Step 1: Wet Hands. Wet your hands and apply enough liquid soap to create a good lather.
• Step 2: Rub Palms Together.
• Step 3: Rub the Back of Hands.
• Step 4: Interlink Your Fingers.
• Step 5: Cup Your Fingers.
• Step 6: Clean the Thumbs.
• Step 7: Rub Palms with Your Fingers.

Side Effects

Skin sensitivity; irritation of conjunctiva, mucosal irritation; reversible brown staining of the teeth; tongue discoloration and burning sensation; transient taste disturbance; parotid gland swelling.

Toxicity

Castor oil is considered minimally toxic when administered orally to humans; the estimated lethal oral dose is 1-2 pints of undiluted oil . Findings from a repeat-dose study in mouse report an oral LD50 value of >5000 mg/kg and NOAEL is approximately >2500 mg/kg/day in rat . Digestive tract irritation following oral ingestion, skin contact sensitization, and contact dermatitis have been reported for castor oil .

As chloroxylenol is predominantly employed as an active ingredient in various liquids or creams as cleaners, disinfectants, or antiseptics that are generally designed to be used topically, it is widely accepted that the use of such liquids - when used appropriately - is unlikely to present a sufficient volume that could be ingested to cause any medical problems . In the event of accidental eye contact, was with Luke warm water .

Chloroxylenol is known to have a low systemic toxicity, even at dosage levels many times higher that those likely to be absorbed during normal usage of the agent .

Human poisoning cases indicate that a dose of 10 grams orally is fatal . Sodium hydroxide is toxic by oral ingestion .

Sodium hydroxide is corrosive to all tissues. Concentrated vapors lead to serious damage to the eyes and respiratory system. Oral ingestion of sodium hydroxide, which occurs frequently in children, causes severe tissue necrosis, with stricture formation of the esophagus, often resulting in death. Contact with the skin may result in contact dermatitis, hair loss, as well as necrosis due to severe irritation .

Increased incidence of esophageal carcinoma after severe intoxication with sodium hydroxide has been reported in man. In animal studies, long-term dermal contact with substances leading to pH changes in the skin causes the development of tumors, as a result of severe tissue irritation and reparative cell growth .

Mutagenic for mammalian somatic cells. May cause damage to the following organs: mucous membranes, upper respiratory tract, skin, eyes . Tumors are not to be expected if the effects of irritation are prevented .

To date, there are no relevant studies of the prenatal toxic effects of sodium hydroxide .

Precaution

Condition worsens or symptoms persist for more than 7 days or clear up and occur again within a few days

• Highly Flammable. Keep away from fire or flame
• For external use only
• Avoid eyes. In case of contact with eye, flush with water
• Discontinue use if skin irritation occurs
• Keep out of reach of children

Interaction

There are no known drug interactions and none well documented.

Volume of Distribution

No pharmacokinetic data available.

The only data available regarding the volume of distribution of chloroxylenol is the mean Vss of 22.45 L determined after 200 mg intravenous single dose of chloroxylenol was administered to healthy mongrel dog subjects .

Elimination Route

After oral ingestion of castor oil, ricinoleic acid is released by lipases in the intestinal lumen and absorbed in the intestine . Findings from the rat study suggest that the absorption of castor oil is inversely related to the administered dose, but the absorption is virtually complete at small doses (4g) .

No chloroxylenol was detected in the blood following the dermal administration of 2 g of p-chloroxylenol in an ethanol/olive oil vehicle in human subjects . After a dose of 5 g, only traces were found, after 8 g, 1 mg % (1 mg/dL) was found in the blood after 3 hours, and 4 mg % (4 mg/dL) after 24 hours . After a dose of 20 g, 4 mg % (4 mg/dL) was measured after half an hour, and 1 mg % (1 mg/dL) was present at 72 hours .

For antiseptic purposes, chloroxylenol is considered to be well-absorbed when applied to the skin .

There are no quantitative data for the absorption of sodium hydroxide through the skin. Solutions which contain 50 % sodium hydroxide have been shown to be corrosive and lethal when applied dermally to mice .

Half Life

No pharmacokinetic data available.

One study estimated the mean terminal half-life and mean residence time after a 200 mg intravenous single dose of chloroxylenol in healthy mongrel dog subjects to be 1.7 and 1.69 hours, respectively . Alternatively, some product monographs liken chloroxylenol to a similar liquid antiseptic, triclosan, whose calculated urinary excretion half-life in man is approximately 10 hours .

Clearance

No pharmacokinetic data available.

The only data available regarding the clearance of chloroxylenol is the mean clearance rate of 13.76 L/hr following a 200 mg intravenous single dose of the substance into healthy mongrel dog subjects .

Moreover, in another study, when 8 g of chloroxylenol was administered dermal on a human subject in an alcohol/glycerin vehicle, 11% was excreted in 48 hours .

Elimination Route

Fecal recovery of radio-labelled castor oil ranged from 11.4% (for 10 g dose of castor oil) to 86.0% (for 44.4 g dose of castor oil) .

The major route of excretion is likely in urine , although some amounts may be found in bile and traces in exhaled air .

Pregnancy & Breastfeeding use

Pregnancy Category-Not Classified. FDA has not yet classified the drug into a specified pregnancy category.

Contraindication

Hypersensitivity

Storage Condition

Isopropyl alcohol should be stored in a tightly closed container in a cool & dry place, protected from light, well-ventilated area. Due to the chemical's extreme flammability, it must be kept away from all possible ignition sources, including heat, sparks, and flames. Keep out of reach of children.

Innovators Monograph

You find simplified version here Antox Antiseptic Disinfectant