Base Q

Base Q Uses, Dosage, Side Effects, Food Interaction and all others data.

Base Q is a derivative of 7-Deazaguanine. Bacteria possess the exclusive ability to synthesize queuine, which is then salvaged and passed on to plants and animals. Quantities of queuine have been found in tomatoes, wheat, coconut water, and milk from humans, cows, and goats. Humans salvage and recover queuine from either ingested food or the gut flora. All eukaryotic organisms, including humans, transform queuine to queuosine by placing it in the wobble position (anticodon) of several tRNAs including aspartic acid, asparagine, histidine, and tyrosine. Endogenously, it has been determined that queuine contributes to generating various important biochemicals like tyrosine, serotonin, dopamine, epinephrine, norepinephrine, nitric oxide, lipids, and others .

Studies have demonstrated that a deficiency in queuine in in-vitro human cells and in animals results in a decreased level of the cofactor tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) . Since BH4 is a necessary cofactor for the transformation of phenylalanine to tyrosine, of tryptophan to serotonin, of tyrosine to dopamine (dopamine, which itself is further converted into epinephrine and norepinephrine), of arginine to nitric oxide, and for the oxidation of alkyl glycerol lipids , it is proposed that queuine plays an important pharmacodynamic role in the generation and maintenance of these essential biochemical compounds .

Base Q
Uses
Dosage
Side Effect
Precautions
Interactions
Uses during Pregnancy
Uses during Breastfeeding
Accute Overdose
Food Interaction
Half Life
Volume of Distribution
Clearance
Interaction With other Medicine
Contradiction
Storage

Trade Name	Base Q
Generic	Queuine
Queuine Other Names	Base Q, Q Base
Type
Formula	C₁₂H₁₅N₅O₃
Weight	Average: 277.2792 Monoisotopic: 277.117489371
Protein binding	Data regarding the protein binding of queuine is not readily available or accessible.
Groups	Experimental, Nutraceutical
Therapeutic Class
Manufacturer
Available Country
Last Updated:	September 19, 2023 at 7:00 am

Uses

Current and on-going research suggests queuine is a natural biochemical compound that can be found endogenously in the human body and plays an essential role in the generation of other critical bodily chemicals including tyrosine, serotonin, dopamine, epinephrine, norepinephrine, nitric oxide, lipids, and others . Such research subsequently proposes that if queuine could be utilized as a pharmaceutic, that it may be considered a so-called 'putative longevity vitamin' indicated for age-delaying and/or prolonged survival functionality (perhaps via maintaining the ongoing generation of the aforementioned bodily chemicals) for the human body .

How Base Q works

Certain studies have shown that queuine-deficient mice became tyrosine deficient and expired within eighteen days of being withdrawn from a queuine containing diet . Considering tyrosine is generally a nonessential amino acid, it is presumed that the expiration of the mice was due to a resultant deficiency in the cofactor tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) (which does contribute to the generation of tyrosine), the endogenous generation of which queuine is believed to contribute to . As a result, one of the potential mechanisms of action by which queuine may act as a vitamin for age-delaying and/or prolonged survival functionality speaks to the plausible essentiality of BH4 for partaking in activities like the hydroxylation of tryptophan to produce serotonin for numerous neurological functions like controlling executive function and playing a part in the pathophysiology of autism, attention-deficit/hyperactivity, bipolar, and schizophrenia disorders .

Elsewhere, another study has also demonstrated that queuine and the use of a synthetic analog have been effective in eliciting full remission in a mouse model of multiple sclerosis, particularly via the importance of tRNA guanine transglycosylase (TGT) present in the animal model to utilize the queuine analog substrate . Essentially, animals deficient in TGT are incapable of using queuine or any synthetic analog of the biochemical to modify tRNA to produce queuosine for further related downstream pharmacodynamics and fail to respond to such therapy . Although the specific mechanism of action beyond these actions has not yet been formally elucidated, these actions suggest that some manner of modulation of protein translation may be the principal means via which this therapeutic effect is elicited .

In human cells, queuine tRNA-ribosyltransferase (QTRT-1) interacts with queuine tRNA-ribosyltransferase subunit QTRTD1 to form an active queuine tRNA-ribosyltransferase . This enzyme exchanges queuine for the guanine at the wobble position of tRNAs with GU(N) anticodons (tRNA-Asp, -Asn, -His and -Tyr), thereby forming the hypermodified nucleoside queuosine .

Toxicity

Base Q is a natural biochemical that can be found endogenously in the human body . Although certain studies on mouse models have shown that a deficiency in the agent can have fatal consequences , data regarding toxicity or overdosage of queuine is not readily available or accessible.

Volume of Distribution

Data regarding the volume of distribution of queuine is not readily available or accessible.

Elimination Route

Humans recover queuine from either ingested food or the gut flora . The proportion of queuine salvaged and absorbed from the normal turnover process of human microbiota has not yet been determined, but it may be significant given the number of microorganisms in the human gastrointestinal tract . Furthermore, it is believed that there may exist a dedicated transporter for queuine, considering various purines, purine-derivatives and base analogs are incapable of affecting queuine transport in competitive uptake experiments .