Brompheniramine And Codeine
Brompheniramine And Codeine Uses, Dosage, Side Effects, Food Interaction and all others data.
Histamine H1 antagonist used in treatment of allergies, rhinitis, and urticaria.
Brompheniramine is an antihistaminergic medication of the propylamine class. It is a first-generation antihistamine. In allergic reactions an allergen interacts with and cross-links surface IgE antibodies on mast cells and basophils. Once the mast cell-antibody-antigen complex is formed, a complex series of events occurs that eventually leads to cell-degranulation and the release of histamine (and other chemical mediators) from the mast cell or basophil. Once released, histamine can react with local or widespread tissues through histamine receptors. Histamine, acting on H1-receptors, produces pruritis, vasodilatation, hypotension, flushing, headache, tachycardia, and bronchoconstriction. Histamine also increases vascular permeability and potentiates pain. Brompheniramine is a histamine H1 antagonist (or more correctly, an inverse histamine agonist) of the alkylamine class. It provides effective, temporary relief of sneezing, watery and itchy eyes, and runny nose due to hay fever and other upper respiratory allergies.
The relief of pain (analgesia) is a primary goal for enhancing the quality of life of patients and for increasing the ability of patients to engage in day to day activities. Codeine, an opioid analgesic, was originally approved in the US in 1950 and is a drug used to decrease pain by increasing the threshold for pain without impairing consciousness or altering other sensory functions. Opiates such as codeine are derived from the poppy plant, Papaver somniferum (Papaveraceae).
Codeine is utilized as a central analgesic, sedative, hypnotic, antinociceptive, and antiperistaltic agent, and is also recommended in certain diseases with incessant coughing.
General effects
| Trade Name | Brompheniramine And Codeine |
| Generic | Brompheniramine + codeine |
| Weight | 2mg + 10mg/5ml |
| Type | Oral syrup |
| Therapeutic Class | |
| Manufacturer | |
| Available Country | United States |
| Last Updated: | September 19, 2023 at 7:00 am |
Uses
Brompheniramine is a histamine H1 antagonist used to treat coughs, upper respiratory symptoms, and nasal congestion associated with allergies and the common cold.
For the treatment of the symptoms of the common cold and allergic rhinitis, such as runny nose, itchy eyes, watery eyes, and sneezing.
Codeine is an opioid analgesic used to treat moderate to severe pain when the use of an opioid is indicated.
Codeine sulfate is a form of this drug that is commonly used. It is available in tablet form and indicated for the relief of mild to moderately severe pain, where the use of an opioid analgesic is appropriate .
The solution form is used by itself or combined in a syrup with other drugs and is used as a cough suppressant in adults aged 18 and above , .
Brompheniramine And Codeine is also used to associated treatment for these conditions: Acute nasopharyngitis, Allergic Rhinitis (AR), Allergies, Common Cold, Cough, Cough caused by Common Cold, Coughing caused by Bronchitis, Fever, Flu caused by Influenza, Headache, Pollen Allergy, Rhinorrhoea, Airway secretion clearance therapyCommon Cold, Cough, Flu caused by Influenza, Mild pain, Pain, Severe Pain, Dry cough, Moderate Pain, Upper respiratory symptoms, Airway secretion clearance therapy
How Brompheniramine And Codeine works
Brompheniramine is an antagonist of the H1 histamine receptors with moderate antimuscarinic actions, as with other common antihistamines such as diphenhydramine. Due to its anticholindergic effects, brompheniramine may cause drowsiness, sedation, dry mouth, dry throat, blurred vision, and increased heart rate.
Codeine is a selective agonist for the mu opioid receptor, but with a much weaker affinity to this receptor than morphine, a more potent opioid drug. Codeine binds to mu-opioid receptors, which are involved in the transmission of pain throughout the body and central nervous system , . The analgesic properties of codeine are thought to arise from its conversion to Morphine, although the exact mechanism of analgesic action is unknown at this time , .
Toxicity
Oral, rat: LD50 = 318 mg/kg. Signs of overdose include fast or irregular heartbeat, mental or mood changes, tightness in the chest, and unusual tiredness or weakness.
Oral LD50: 427 mg kg-1 (rat) .
Overdose/toxicity
Symptoms of opioid toxicity may include confusion, somnolence, shallow breathing, constricted pupils, nausea, vomiting, constipation and a lack of appetite. In severe cases, symptoms of circulatory and respiratory depression may ensue, which may be life-threatening or fatal , .
Teratogenic effects
This drug is classified as a pregnancy Category C drug. There are no adequate and well-controlled studies completed in pregnant women. Codeine should only be used during pregnancy if the potential benefit outweighs the potential risk of the drug to the fetus .
Codeine has shown embryolethal and fetotoxic effects in the hamster, rat as well as mouse models at about 2-4 times the maximum recommended human dose . Maternally toxic doses that were about 7 times the maximum recommended human dose of 360 mg/day, were associated with evidence of bone resorption and incomplete bone ossification. Codeine did not demonstrate evidence of embrytoxicity or fetotoxicity in the rabbit model at doses up to 2 times the maximum recommended human dose of 360 mg/day based on a body surface area comparison .
Nonteratogenic effects
Neonatal codeine withdrawal has been observed in infants born to addicted and non-addicted mothers who ingested codeine-containing medications in the days before delivery. Common symptoms of narcotic withdrawal include irritability, excessive crying, tremors, hyperreflexia, seizures, fever, vomiting, diarrhea, and poor feeding. These signs may be observed shortly following birth and may require specific treatment .
Codeine (30 mg/kg) given subcutaneously to pregnant rats during gestation and for 25 days after delivery increased the rate of neonatal mortality at birth. The dose given was 0.8 times the maximum recommended human dose of 360 mg/day .
The use in breastfeeding/nursing
Codeine is secreted into human milk. The maternal use of codeine can potentially lead to serious adverse reactions, including death, in nursing infants .
Volume of Distribution
Apparent volume of distribution: about 3-6 L/kg, showing an extensive distribution of the drug into tissues .
Elimination Route
Antihistamines are well absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract after oral administration.
Absorption
Codeine is absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract. The maximum plasma concentration occurs 60 minutes after administration .
Food Effects
When 60 mg codeine sulfate was given 30 minutes post-ingestion of a high high-calorie meal, there was no significant change in the absorption of codeine .
Steady-state concentration
The administration of 15 mg codeine sulfate every 4 hours for 5 days lead to steady-state concentrations of codeine, morphine, morphine-3-glucuronide (M3G) and morphine-6-glucuronide (M6G) within 48 hours .
Half Life
Plasma half-lives of codeine and its metabolites have been reported to be approximately 3 hours .
Clearance
Renal clearance of codeine was 183 +/- 59 ml min-1 in a clinical study .
Renal impairment may decrease codeine clearance .
Elimination Route
About 90% of the total dose of codeine is excreted by the kidneys. Approximately 10% of the drug excreted by the kidneys is unchanged codeine .
The majority of the excretion products can be found in the urine within 6 hours of ingestion, and 40-60 % of the codeine is excreted free or conjugated, approximately 5 to 15 percent as free and conjugated morphine, and approximately 10-20% free and conjugated norcodeine .
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