Broncofree Uses, Dosage, Side Effects and more
Broncofree Uses, Dosage, Side Effects, Food Interaction and all others data.
Aminophylline is a combination of theophylline and ethylenediamine. Ethylenediamine is inactive; it increases the solubility of theophylline in water. Theophylline relaxes bronchial smooth muscle. Suggested mechanisms are an increase in intracellular cAMP through inhibition of phosphodiesterase; adenosine receptor antagonism, prostaglandin antagonism and effects on intracellular calcium.
Aminophylline is the ethylenediamine salt of theophylline. Theophylline stimulates the CNS, skeletal muscles, and cardiac muscle. It relaxes certain smooth muscles in the bronchi, produces diuresis, and causes an increase in gastric secretion.
Sodium citrate is the sodium salt of citric acid. It is white, crystalline powder or white, granular crystals, slightly deliquescent in moist air, freely soluble in water,practically insoluble in alcohol. Like citric acid, it has a sour taste.From the medical point of view, it is used as alkalinizing agent. It works by neutralizing excess acid in the blood and urine. It has been indicated for the treatment of metabolic acidosis.
Citrate prevents activation of the clotting cascade by chelating calcium ions. Citrate neutralizes acid in the stomach and urine, raising the pH .
Trade Name | Broncofree |
Generic | Aminophylline + Ammonium + Menthol + Sodium Citrate |
Weight | 100mg |
Type | Syrup |
Therapeutic Class | |
Manufacturer | Medreich Lifecare Limited |
Available Country | India |
Last Updated: | January 7, 2025 at 1:49 am |
Uses
It is used for the treatment and prophylaxis of bronchospasm associated with asthma, emphysema and chronic bronchitis. Also used for adults for the treatment of cardiac asthma and left ventricular or congestive cardiac failure.
Sodium citrate is an ingredient used for the anticoagulation of whole blood as part of automated apheresis procedures.
Used as an anticoagulant during plasmophoresis as well as a neutralizing agent in the treatment of upset stomach and acidic urine .
Broncofree is also used to associated treatment for these conditions: Acute Exacerbation of Chronic Bronchitis (AECB), Asthma, Bronchial Asthma, Bronchospasm, Chronic Bronchitis, Exacerbation of asthmaAcidosis, Allergic cough, Allergies, Asthma, Asthma Chronic, Cough, Common Cold, Cough, Coughing caused by Bronchitis, Dehydration, Gouty Arthritis, Heartburn, Metabolic Acidosis, Phlegm, Airway secretion clearance therapy, Oral rehydration therapy, Plasmapheresis, Urine alkalinization therapy, Fluid and electrolyte maintenance therapy, Irrigation during surgical procedures, Irrigation of the ocular surface therapy
How Broncofree works
Aminophylline is the ethylenediamine salt of theophylline. After ingestion, theophylline is released from aminophylline, and theophylline relaxes the smooth muscle of the bronchial airways and pulmonary blood vessels and reduces airway responsiveness to histamine, methacholine, adenosine, and allergen. Theophylline competitively inhibits type III and type IV phosphodiesterase (PDE), the enzyme responsible for breaking down cyclic AMP in smooth muscle cells, possibly resulting in bronchodilation. Theophylline also binds to the adenosine A2B receptor and blocks adenosine mediated bronchoconstriction. In inflammatory states, theophylline activates histone deacetylase to prevent transcription of inflammatory genes that require the acetylation of histones for transcription to begin.
Citrate chelates free calcium ions preventing them from forming a complex with tissue factor and coagulation factor VIIa to promote the activation of coagulation factor X . This inhibits the extrinsic initiation of the coagulation cascade. Citrate may also exert an anticoagulant effect via a so far unknown mechanism as restoration of calcium concentration does not fully reverse the effect of citrate . Citrate is a weak base and so reacts with hydrochloric acid in the stomach to raise the pH. It it further metabolized to bicarbonate which then acts as a systemic alkalizing agent, raising the pH of the blood and urine . It also acts as a diuretic and increases the urinary excretion of calcium.
Dosage
Broncofree dosage
Oral:Chronic bronchospasm:
- Adult: As hydrate: Initially, 225-450 mg bid, increased if necessary.
- Child: >3 yr: As modified-release hydrate: 12 mg/kg daily increased to 24 mg/kg daily in 2 divided doses after 1 wk.
Intravenous:Acute severe bronchospasm:
- Adult: Loading dose: 5 mg/kg (ideal body weight) or 250-500 mg (25 mg/ml) by slow inj or infusion over 20-30 min. Maintenance infusion dose: 0.5 mg/kg/hr. Max rate: 25 mg/min.
- Child: Loading dose: same as adult dose. Maintenance dose: 6 mth-9 yr: 1 mg/kg/hr and 10-16 yr: 0.8 mg/kg/hr.
- Elderly: Dose reduction may be necessary.
- Hepatic impairment: Dose reduction may be necessary.
Tablets should be swallowed whole and not chewed because of the structure of the tablet.
Side Effects
The most common adverse effects are gastric irritation, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, hematemesis, epigastric pain and tremor. These are usually early signs of toxicity; however, with high doses, ventricular arrhythmias or seizures may be the first signs to appear and reactivation of peptic ulcer, headache, irritability, restlessness, insomnia, twitching, convulsion and reflex hyperexcitability, palpitation, tachycardia, hypotension, circulatory failure, ventricular arrhythmias, and flushing, albuminuria, diuresis and hematuria. Also inappropriate ADH syndrome may occur.
Toxicity
Overdose toxicity is mainly due to alkalosis as well as tetany or depressed heart function due to lack of free calcium .
Precaution
Aminophylline should be given with caution to patients with peptic ulceration, hyperthyroidism, hypertension, cardiac arrhythmias or other cardiovascular disease, or epilepsy, as these conditions may be exacerbated. They should also be given withcaution to patients with heart failure, hepatic dysfunction, chronic alcoholism, acute febrile illness, and to neonates and the elderly, since in all of these circumstances theophylline clearance may be decreased, resulting in increases in serum-theophylline concentrations and serum half-life.
Volume of Distribution
- 0.3 to 0.7 L/kg
19-39L .
Elimination Route
Tmax of 98-130min .
Half Life
7-9 hours
18-54 min
Clearance
- 0.29 mL/kg/min [postnatal age 3-15 days]
- 0.64 mL/kg/min [postnatal age 25-57 days]
- 1.7 mL/kg/min [ 1-4 years]
- 1.6 mL/kg/min [4-12 years]
- 0.9 mL/kg/min [13-15 years]
- 1.4 mL/kg/min [16-17 years]
- 0.65 mL/kg/min [Adults (16-60 years), non-smoking asthmatics]
- 0.41 mL/kg/min [Elderly (>60 years). liver, and renal function]
- 0.33 mL/kg/min [Acute pulmonary edema]
- 0.54 mL/kg/min [COPD->60 years, stable non-smoker >1 year]
- 0.48 mL/kg/min [COPD with cor pulmonale]
- 1.25 mL/kg/min [Cystic fibrosis (14-28 years)]
- 0.31 mL/kg/min [Liver disease -cholestasis]
- 0.35 mL/kg/min [cirrhosis]
- 0.65 mL/kg/min [acute hepatitis]
- 0.47 mL/kg/min [Sepsis with multi-organ failure]
- 0.38 mL/kg/min [hypothyroid]
- 0.8 mL/kg/min [hyperthyroid]
Total clearance of 313-1107mL/min .
Elimination Route
Largely eliminated through hepatic metabolism with very little cleared by the kidneys .
Pregnancy & Breastfeeding use
Use of aminophylline in pregnant women should be balanced against the risk of uncontrolled disease.
Contraindication
Aminophylline should not be administered to patients with hypersensitivity to xanthines or ehylenediamine. It should not be administered to patients with active peptic ulcer, since it may increase the volume and acidity of gastric secretions.