Calcium laevulate
Calcium laevulate Uses, Dosage, Side Effects, Food Interaction and all others data.
The relatively new calcium levulinate is produced from a direct reaction between L- or levulinic acid levulose and calcium hydroxide . The resultant calcium levulinate formulation, when used as a calcium supplement, possesses a high calcium content that is observed to be 14.8% higher than the content typically found in calcium lactate . This formulation is considered a low molecular weight organic calcium ion type that is easily absorbed through the intestinal wall .
This new application of calcium is intended for use as a food fortifier, to fortify foods like sauces, condiments, beer, beverages, soft drinks, milk and milk products, soy milk and soy products with calcium nutrition . Calcium laevulate can be used alone, or with calcium lactate, calcium chloride, and other compounds, either for pharmaceutical tablets, capsules, or injections preparation .
The relatively new calcium levulinate is produced from a direct reaction between L- or levulinic acid levulose and calcium hydroxide . The resultant calcium levulinate formulation, when used as a calcium supplement, possesses a high calcium content that is observed to be 14.8% higher than the content typically found in calcium lactate . Moreover, this formulation also demonstrates a high solubility of more than 30% at 25℃ . Furthermore, the calcium levulinate is believed to be non-toxic and non-allergic, making it especially suitable for injection or infusion administrations . Additionally, this levulinate formulation is reported as having a good taste, little irritation with a pH value of 7, and good stability such that no precipitation or deterioration occurs during use . Finally, this calcium levulinate formulation is also believed to have good compatibility with calcium lactate, calcium chloride, and other material complexes which allows the formulation to also complex effectively with a diverse variety of foodstuffs and pharmaceutical dosage forms .
| Trade Name | Calcium laevulate |
| Generic | Calcium levulinate |
| Calcium levulinate Other Names | Calcium laevulate |
| Type | |
| Formula | C10H14CaO6 |
| Weight | Average: 270.294 Monoisotopic: 270.0416291 |
| Protein binding | Readily accessible data regarding the protein binding of calcium levulinate is not available, although many different calcium-binding proteins exist, with different cellular and tissue distribution and involvement in specific biological function . Some of these proteins include calmodulin, calsequestrin, calretinin, and calcineurin, among others . |
| Groups | Approved, Experimental |
| Therapeutic Class | |
| Manufacturer | |
| Available Country | |
| Last Updated: | September 19, 2023 at 7:00 am |
Uses
This new application of calcium is intended for use as a food fortifier, to fortify foods like sauces, condiments, beer, beverages, soft drinks, milk and milk products, soy milk and soy products with calcium nutrition . Calcium laevulate can be used alone, or with calcium lactate, calcium chloride, and other compounds, either for pharmaceutical tablets, capsules, or injections preparation . In essence, calcium levulinate is ultimately a relatively new calcium supplementation option .
Calcium laevulate is also used to associated treatment for these conditions: Hypocalcemia
How Calcium laevulate works
Much like most calcium supplements, once calcium levulinate dissociates in the body after administration, absorption of the supplemental calcium ions across the intestinal wall serves to enhance calcium stores in the body .
Regardless, levulinic acid (LA) is a commonly used chemical with one carbonyl group, one carboxyl group, and alpha-H comprised in its inner structure, which belongs to short-chain and non-volatile fatty acids . Moreover, the carbon-oxygen double bond from LA's carbonyl group possesses a strong polarity, where the oxygen atom has a stronger electron attracting ability compared to the carbon atom, such that the pi electron will ultimately transfer into the greater electronegative oxygen, therefore resulting in the formation of a positive charge center in the carbon atom . The electrophilic center of the carbon atom subsequently plays a critical role when the carbonyl group performs chemical reactions . Owing to the relatively strong electron receptor effect of the oxygen atom of the carbonyl group, LA has higher dissociation constants than a common saturated acid, which allows it to possess a stronger corresponding acidity . Furthermore, LA can be isomerized into the enol-isomer, owing to the presence of the carbonyl group . The chemical structure of LA consequently has several highly active sites, which facilitates it being used as a chemical platform for preparing many other chemical products . For example, the special structure of LA allows various kinds of products to be generated by way of esterification, halogenation, hydrogenation, oxy-dehydrogenation, and/or condensation, among many other methods .
Toxicity
Overdosage with calcium resulting in excessively high levels of calcium in the blood known as hypercalcemia can cause renal insufficiency, vascular and soft tissue calcification, hypercalciuria, and kidney stones .
Food Interaction
No interactions found.Volume of Distribution
99% of the body's calcium supply is stored in the bones and teeth where it supports their structure and function . Elsewhere, 1% or less of this calcium supply is used for essential metabolic functions like vascular contraction and vasodilation, muscle function, nerve transmission, intracellular signaling, and hormonal secretion, among other activities .
Elimination Route
General calcium absorption occurs primarily in the duodenum by an active transcellular and saturable system, which is stimulated and regulated by 1,25(OH)2D,25 and through a passive and vitamin D-independent paracellular transport in the jejunum and ileum, and even in the colon - where absorption is only about 4% even when the intake is high . Ultimately, calcium absorption depends mainly on the amount of intake - in general, absorption increases at lower intakes and decreases at high intakes .
Readily accessible data regarding the specific absorption of calcium levulinate is not available although the formulation is considered a low molecular weight organic calcium ion type that is easily absorbed through the intestinal wall .
Half Life
Readily accessible data regarding the half-life of calcium levulinate is not available.
Clearance
Despite inter-individual differences, general clinical lab tests list some reference calcium clearance values as being considered a 'normal range', like urine calcium as approximately < 250 mg/24 h .
Elimination Route
Calcium leaves the body mainly in urine and feces, but also in other body tissues and fluids, like sweat . Overall, a typical daily calcium loss for a healthy adult man or woman via renal excretion is approximately 5 mmol/day while endogenous fecal calcium losses are about 2.1 mg/kg per day in adults and about 1.4 mg/kg per day in children .
Innovators Monograph
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