Campto
Campto Uses, Dosage, Side Effects, Food Interaction and all others data.
Campto inhibits the action of topoisomerase I. Campto prevents religation of the DNA strand by binding to topoisomerase I-DNA complex. The formation of this ternary complex interferes with the moving replication fork, which induces replication arrest and lethal double-stranded breaks in DNA. As a result, DNA damage is not efficiently repaired and apoptosis (programmed cell death) occurs.
Campto is an antineoplastic enzyme inhibitor primarily used in the treatment of colorectal cancer. Campto is a semisynthetic derivative of camptothecin. Camptothecins interact specifically with topoisomerase I, an enzyme in the cell nucleus that regulates DNA topology and facilitates nuclear processes such as DNA replication, recombination, and repair. During these processes, topoisomerase I relieves torsional strain in DNA by inducing reversible single-strand breaks, allowing single DNA strands to pass through the break. The 3'-DNA terminus of the broken DNA strands bind covalently with the topoisomerase enzyme to form a catalytic intermediate called a cleavable complex. After the DNA is sufficiently relaxed and the strand passage reaction is complete, DNA topoisomerase reattaches the broken DNA strands to form the chemically unaltered topoisomers that allow transcription to proceed. Campto and its active metabolite SN-38 bind to the topoisomerase I-DNA complex and prevent religation of these single-strand breaks. Current research suggests that the cytotoxicity of irinotecan is due to double-strand DNA damage produced during DNA synthesis when replication enzymes interact with the ternary complex formed by topoisomerase I, DNA, and either Campto or SN-38. Mammalian cells cannot efficiently repair these double-strand breaks. The precise contribution of SN-38 to the activity of irinotecan in humans is not known. Campto is cell cycle phase-specific (S-phase).
Trade Name | Campto |
Availability | Prescription only |
Generic | Irinotecan |
Irinotecan Other Names | Irinotecan, Irinotecan lactone, Irinotecanum |
Related Drugs | Keytruda, capecitabine, pembrolizumab, Avastin, Xeloda, Betaseron |
Weight | 20mg/ml, , 40mg, 100mg, 100mg/1ml, 40mg/2ml. |
Type | Injection, Iv Infusion, Solution For Infusion, Fluid Infusion |
Formula | C33H38N4O6 |
Weight | Average: 586.678 Monoisotopic: 586.279134968 |
Protein binding | 30%-68% protein bound, mainly to albumin. |
Groups | Approved, Investigational |
Therapeutic Class | Cytotoxic Chemotherapy |
Manufacturer | Pfizer Ltd, Pfizer Limited, Pfizer Perth Pty Limited, Pfizer Laboratories Ltd, , Pt Pfizer |
Available Country | India, Bangladesh, United Kingdom, Saudi Arabia, Pakistan, Netherlands, Portugal, Indonesia, |
Last Updated: | September 19, 2023 at 7:00 am |
Uses
Campto Injection is used for a component of first-line therapy in combination with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and leucovorin (LV) for patients with metastatic carcinoma of the colon or rectum.
Campto is used for patients with metastatic carcinoma of the colon or rectum whose disease has recurred or progressed following initial fluorouracil-based therapy.
Campto is also used to associated treatment for these conditions: Esophageal Cancers, Ewing's Sarcoma, Glioblastomas, Malignant Neoplasm of Pancreas, Malignant Neoplasm of Stomach, Metastatic Colorectal Carcinoma, Non-Small Cell Lung Carcinoma (NSCLC), Ovarian Cancer, Rhabdomyosarcomas, Small Cell Lung Cancer (SCLC), Recurrent, IV-B Cervical cancer, Recurrent, metastatic Colorectal carcinoma, Refractory, metastatic Pancreatic adenocarcinoma
How Campto works
Campto inhibits the action of topoisomerase I. Campto prevents religation of the DNA strand by binding to topoisomerase I-DNA complex. The formation of this ternary complex interferes with the moving replication fork, which induces replication arrest and lethal double-stranded breaks in DNA. As a result, DNA damage is not efficiently repaired and apoptosis (programmed cell death) occurs.
Dosage
Campto dosage
Administer as a 90-minute intravenous infusion followed by LV and 5-FU. A reduction in the starting dose by one dose level may be considered for patients with any of the following conditions: prior pelvic/abdominal radiotherapy, performance status of 2, or increased bilirubin levels.
Refractory colorectal malignancies: 125 mg/m2 once wkly for 4 wk, followed by a 2 wk rest period.
Metastatic colorectal cancer: As 1st line treatment: 125 mg/m2 on days 1,8,15 and 22 of a 6-wk cycle.
Side Effects
Anemia, Leukopenia, Neutropenia,Thrombocytopenia, Elevated bilirubin, Diarrhea, Nausea, Asthenia, Abdominal pain, Vomiting , Alopecia, Fever, Constipation, Anorexia, Mucositis, Pain, Dyspnea, Cough, Dizziness, Infection, Rash, Abdominal fullness, AST increased , Dyspepsia, Edema, Ascites/jaundice, Vasodilation, Thromboembolism, Hypotension, Neutropenic fever, Headache, Insomnia, Orthostatic hypotension
Toxicity
Gastrointestinal complications, such as nausea, vomiting, abdominal cramping, diarrhea, and infection.
Precaution
Early diarrhea is usually transient and infrequently severe. It may be accompanied by cholinergic symptoms of rhinitis, increased salivation, miosis, lacrimation, diaphoresis, flushing, and intestinal hyperperistalsis that can cause abdominal cramping. Bradycardia may also occur.
Late diarrhea can be life threatening since it may be prolonged and may lead to dehydration, electrolyte imbalance, or sepsis.Late diarrhea can be complicated by colitis, ulceration, bleeding, ileus, obstruction, and infection. Cases of megacolon and intestinal perforation have been reported.
Interaction
Diuretics increase risks of dehydration secondary to vomiting/diarrhoea; prophylactic dexamethasone as an antiemetic may enhance lymphocytopenia; prochlorperazine may increase incidence of akathisia; antineoplastic agents (myelosuppression and diarrhoea). St John's wort, ketoconazole may reduce irinotecan exposure.
Food Interaction
No interactions found.Campto Drug Interaction
Moderate: dexamethasone, dexamethasoneMinor: prochlorperazine, prochlorperazineUnknown: lorazepam, lorazepam, bevacizumab, bevacizumab, diphenhydramine, diphenhydramine, hydromorphone, hydromorphone, fentanyl, fentanyl, acetaminophen, acetaminophen, cholecalciferol, cholecalciferol, ondansetron, ondansetron
Campto Disease Interaction
Major: myelosuppressionModerate: hepatic dysfunction, renal impairment, interstitial lung disease
Volume of Distribution
The volume of distribution of terminal elimination phase is 110 L/m^2 when a dose of 125 mg/m^2 is given to patients with solid tumours. The volume of distribution of terminal elimination phase is 234 L/m^2 when a dose of 340 mg/m^2 is given to patients with solid tumours.
Elimination Route
The maximum plasma concentration (Cmax) when a dose of 125 mg/m^2 is given to patients with solid tumours is 1660 ng/mL. The AUC (0-24) is 10,200 ng·h/mL. The Cmax when a dose of 340 mg/m^2 is given to patients with solid tumours is 3392 ng/mL. The AUC (0-24) is 20,604 ng·h/mL.
Half Life
The half life of irinotecan is about 6 - 12 hours. The terminal elimination half-life of the active metabolite, SN-38 is 10 - 20 hours.
Clearance
- 13.3 L/h/m^2 [Dose of 125 mg/m^2, patients with solid tumours]
- 13.9 L/h/m^2 [Dose of 340 mg/m^2, patients with solid tumours]
Elimination Route
The cumulative biliary and urinary excretion of irinotecan and its metabolites (SN-38 and SN-38 glucuronide) over a period of 48 hours following administration of irinotecan in two patients ranged from approximately 25% (100 mg/m2) to 50% (300 mg/m2).
Pregnancy & Breastfeeding use
Pregnancy Category D. There is positive evidence of human fetal risk based on adverse reaction data from investigational or marketing experience or studies in humans, but potential benefits may warrant use of the drug in pregnant women despite potential risks.
Contraindication
Patients with a known hypersensitivity to the drug or its excitements.
Storage Condition
Store at controlled room temperature 15° to 30°C. Protect from light. Keep the vial in the carton until the time of use.
Innovators Monograph
You find simplified version here Campto
Campto contains Irinotecan see full prescribing information from innovator Campto Monograph, Campto MSDS, Campto FDA label