Carbogen
Carbogen Uses, Dosage, Side Effects, Food Interaction and all others data.
Carbon dioxide is a colorless, odorless gas vital to life on Earth. This naturally occurring chemical compound is composed of a carbon atom covalently double bonded to two oxygen atoms. Medical Carbon Dioxide is a liquefied medicinal gas, supplied in cylinders filled to a high pressure. Medical Carbon Dioxide may be used in different situations, e.g. during bodily investigations, to inflate body cavities during surgery (such as key-hole surgery), iand in solid form (dry ice) for freezing of tissue and removal of warts.
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Oxygen therapy, also known as supplemental oxygen, is the use of oxygen as a medical treatment. This can include for low blood oxygen, carbon monoxide toxicity, cluster headaches, and to maintain enough oxygen while inhaled anesthetics are given. Long term oxygen is often useful in people with chronically low oxygen such as from severe COPD or cystic fibrosis. Oxygen can be given in a number of ways including nasal cannula, face mask, and inside a hyperbaric chamber.
Oxygen is required for normal cell metabolism. Excessively high concentrations can cause oxygen toxicity such as lung damage or result in respiratory failure in those who are predisposed. Higher oxygen concentrations also increase the risk of fires, particularly while smoking, and without humidification can also dry out the nose. The target oxygen saturation recommended depends on the condition being treated. In most conditions a saturation of 94-98% is recommended, while in those at risk of carbon dioxide retention saturations of 88-92% are preferred, and in those with carbon monoxide toxicity or cardiac arrest they should be as high as possible. Air is typically 21% oxygen by volume while oxygen therapy increases this by some amount up to 100%.
The use of oxygen in medicine become common around 1917. It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines, the most effective and safe medicines needed in a health system.
Oxygen therapy improves effective cellular oxygenation, even at a low rate of tissue perfusion. Oxygen molecules adjust hypoxic ventilatory drive by acting on chemoreceptors on carotid bodies that sequentially relay sensory information to the higher processing centers in brainstem. It also attenuates hypoxia-induced mitochondrial depolarization that generates reactive oxygen species and/or apoptosis.Studies investigating on hyperbaric oxygen therapy has shown that oxygen supplementation can induce neural stem cell proliferation in neonatal rats thus promoting neurological regeneration after injuries . CD34+, CD45-dim leukocytes are also potential targets for hyperbaric oxygen therapy benefit as their mobilization was increased in vitro which could facilitate the acceleration of recovery at peripheral sites .
| Trade Name | Carbogen |
| Generic | Carbon dioxide + oxygen |
| Type | Gas |
| Therapeutic Class | |
| Manufacturer | |
| Available Country | United States |
| Last Updated: | September 19, 2023 at 7:00 am |
Uses
Carbon dioxide is a naturally-occurring gas used as a insufflation gas during minimally invasive surgeries to enlarge and stabilize body cavities to provide better visibility of the surgical area.
Carbon dioxide is commonly used as an insufflation gas for minimal invasive surgery (laparoscopy, endoscopy, and arthroscopy) to enlarge and stabilize body cavities to provide better visibility of the surgical area. It has been used also in cryotherapy and as respiratory stimulant before and after anesthesia. It could be used also in expansion of blood vessels if required, to increase carbon dioxide level after rapid breathing, and to stimulate breathing after a period of nonbreathing.
Oxygen contains not less than 99.5% v/v of O2. Oxygen labelled as having been produced by the air-liquefaction process may be exempted from the requirements of the tests for carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide.
Acute severe asthma, Anxiety, Artificially ventilated patients, Carbon monoxide poisoning, COPD, Cyanosis, Major trauma, Resuscitation, Severe hemorrhage, Shock
Carbogen is also used to associated treatment for these conditions: Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome (HLHS), Laryngeal Injuries, Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation, Insufflation, Post-operative respiratory stimulationAnemia, Hypoxemia, Hypoxia, Malignancies, Migraine, Polycythemia, Pulmonary Hypertension (PH), Respiratory Disorders, Sleep Apnea
How Carbogen works
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Oxygen therapy increases the arterial pressure of oxygen and is effective in improving gas exchange and oxygen delivery to tissues, provided that there are functional alveolar units. Oxygen plays a critical role as an electron acceptor during oxidative phosphorylation in the electron transport chain through activation of cytochrome c oxidase (terminal enzyme of the electron transport chain). This process achieves successful aerobic respiration in organisms to generate ATP molecules as an energy source in many tissues. Oxygen supplementation acts to restore normal cellular activity at the mitochondrial level and reduce metabolic acidosis. There is also evidence that oxygen may interact with O2-sensitive voltage-gated potassium channels in glomus cells and cause hyperpolarization of mitochondrial membrane .
Dosage
Carbogen dosage
Adult: Use as required
Child: Safety and efficacy has not been established
Toxicity
Signs of intoxication have been produced by a 30-minute exposure at 50,000 ppm , and a few minutes exposure at 70,000 to 100,000 ppm produces unconsciousness.
May cause burns or frostbites in case of eye or skin contact with rapidly expanding gas. Oxygen therapy can induce hypercapnic respiratory failure in patients with respiratory diseases and musculoskeletal diseases in upper airways. Sudden cessation of oxygen supplementation in these patients can further lead to rebound hypoxaemia. In patients with mild or moderate strokes, hyperoxaemia may cause absorption atelectasis or myocardial infarction. Oxygen content should be monitored following the administration to verify therapeutic benefit.
Volume of Distribution
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Elimination Route
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Half Life
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Approximately 122.24 seconds
Clearance
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Elimination Route
Data not found.
Exhalation
Pregnancy & Breastfeeding use
Pregnancy Category: Not classified.
Contraindication
Hypersensitivity
Storage Condition
Oxygen should be kept as compressed gas or liquid at cryogenic temperature, in appropriate containers complying withthe safety regulations of the national authority. Valves or taps should not be lubricated with oil or grease.
Innovators Monograph
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