Chlorhexidinum
Chlorhexidinum Uses, Dosage, Side Effects, Food Interaction and all others data.
Chlorhexidinum Gluconate has wide spectrum of microbial coverage. It is used for intact disinfection of intact skin.
Chlorhexidinum is a broad-spectrum antimicrobial with demonstrated activity against both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, yeasts, and viruses. Antimicrobial activity is dose-dependent - chlorhexidine is bacteriostatic at lower concentrations (0.02%-0.06%) and bactericidal at higher concentrations (>0.12%). Pharmacokinetic studies of oral chlorhexidine rinses indicate that approximately 30% of the active ingredient is retained in the mouth following rinsing, which is subsequently slowly released into oral fluids. This ability to adsorb to dentine, shared with tetracycline antibiotics such as doxycycline, is known as "substantivity" and is the result of chlorhexidine's positive charge - it is likely that this substantivity plays at least some role in chlorhexidine's antimicrobial activity, as its persistence on surfaces such as dentine prevent microbial colonization.
Dental chlorhexidine rinses may result in staining of oral surfaces, such as teeth. This effect is not ubiquitous and appears to be more significant with extended therapy (i.e. up to 6 months) - nevertheless, patients for whom oral staining is unacceptable should use chlorhexidine rinse with caution and for the shortest effective interval. Allergic reactions to chlorhexidine have been associated with the development of anaphylaxis.
| Trade Name | Chlorhexidinum |
| Availability | Rx and/or OTC |
| Generic | Chlorhexidine |
| Chlorhexidine Other Names | Chlorhexidin, Chlorhexidine, Chlorhexidinum, Cloresidina, Clorhexidina |
| Related Drugs | doxycycline, hydrocortisone topical, minocycline, Vibramycin, Peridex, Hibiclens, sodium hyaluronate topical, Biotene Mouthwash, XyliMelts |
| Type | |
| Formula | C22H30Cl2N10 |
| Weight | Average: 505.447 Monoisotopic: 504.203196424 |
| Protein binding | Chlorhexidine is known to bind albumin in both serum and saliva, though the extent of this binding is unclear. |
| Groups | Approved, Vet approved |
| Therapeutic Class | Oral preparations |
| Manufacturer | |
| Available Country | |
| Last Updated: | September 19, 2023 at 7:00 am |
Uses
For antisepsis of clean and surgical hand to prevent infections
Chlorhexidinum is also used to associated treatment for these conditions: Catarrh of the throat, Chemotherapy Induced Mucositis, Chronic Wounds, Decubitus Ulcer, Dental Cavity, Dysphagia, Eczema infected, Foeter Ex Ore, Gingival Bleeding, Gingival disorders NEC, Gingivitis, Glossitis, Hoarseness, Infection, Infectious Periodontal Diseases, Injury Throat, Mild to Moderate Inflammatory Reaction of the Oral Cavity, Mild to Moderate Inflammatory Reaction of the Pharynx, Mouth injury, Mucositis, Neurodermatitis, Ocular Inflammation, Ocular Irritation, Oral Aphthous Ulcer, Oral Infection, Pain, Periodontitis, Pharyngitis, Plaque, Dental, Postoperative Wound Infection, Purulent Gingivitis, Radiation Mucositis, Red eye, Ringworm, Skin Infections, Skin Infections, Bacterial, Sore Throat, Stomatitis, Surgical Wound, Tissue Damage, Tonsillitis, Ulcer, Aphthous, Ulcers, Leg, Wound Infections, Dry, cracked skin, Gum disorder, Gum pain, Moderate Gingivitis, Oral lesions, Recurrent Oral fungal infection, Severe Gingivitis, Superficial Wounds, Throat disinfection, Tongue inflammation, Anesthesia of Mucous Membrane, Antimicrobial Therapy, Contact Lens Care, Disinfection, Disinfection of External Genitalia, Disinfection of the Urethra, Disinfection of the Vaginal Mucosa, Irrigation therapy, Lubrication of the Urethra, Oral Care, Oral Hygiene, Oropharyngeal antisepsis, Skin disinfection, Surgical Scrubbing, Topical Antisepsis, Urethral Anesthesia, Wound Cleansing, Wound Healing, Oral antisepsis, Oral disinfection
How Chlorhexidinum works
Chlorhexidinum’s broad-spectrum antimicrobial effects are due to its ability to disrupt microbial cell membranes. The positively charged chlorhexidine molecule reacts with negatively charged phosphate groups on microbial cell surfaces - this reaction both destroys the integrity of the cell, allowing leakage of intracellular material, and allows chlorhexidine to enter the cell, causing precipitation of cytoplasmic components and ultimately cell death. The specific means of cell death is dependent on the concentration of chlorhexidine - lower concentrations are bacteriostatic and result in leakage of intracellular substances such as potassium and phosphorous, whereas higher concentrations are bactericidal and cause cytoplasmic precipitation.
Dosage
Chlorhexidinum dosage
To sterilize clean hand: Take adequate amount (about 3 ml) of Sanityza on the palm of the both hands and wrists; rub until full drying as if every part is sterilized effectivelyBefore surgery: Apply about 5 ml of Sanityza following above mentioned method; apply upto the elbow
Side Effects
Skin sensitivity; mucosal irritation; reversible brown staining of the teeth; tongue discoloration and burning sensation; transient taste disturbance; parotid gland swelling.
Toxicity
The LD50 of subcutaneously administered chlorhexidine in mice is >5 g/kg.
Small children are likely to be more susceptible to chlorhexidine overdose - ingestion of 1-2 ounces by a small child may result in gastric distress, nausea, and intoxication. Treatment should consist of symptomatic and supportive measures. Seek medical attention if a child ingests >4 ounces of chlorhexidine solution or if symptoms of intoxication develop post-exposure.
Precaution
• Keep away from the reach of children
• If the solution comes in contact with eyes, wash your eyes with water immediately ·
• 3. Keep away from light and keep at room temperature• Keep away from combustible material and fire
Interaction
Soaps, other anionic agents, borates, bicarbonates, carbonates, chlorides, citrates, nitrates, phosphates & sulfates.
Food Interaction
- Take separate from meals. May affect the taste of food and beverages. Avoid eating or drinking for 30 minutes following use.
Elimination Route
Topically, chlorhexidine is unlikely to undergo any degree of systemic absorption. Orally administered chlorhexidine, such as that found in oral rinses for dental purposes, is very poorly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract - the Cmax in human subjects following an oral dose of 300mg was 0.206 µg/g and occurred approximately 30 minutes after ingestion (Tmax). Following the insertion of 4 PerioChips in 18 adult patients, no detectable plasma or urine chlorhexidine levels were observed.
Elimination Route
Excretion of chlorhexidine gluconate occurs almost exclusively via the feces, with less than 1% of an ingested dose excreted in the urine.
Pregnancy & Breastfeeding use
Pregnancy Category B. Animal reproduction studies have failed to demonstrate a risk to the fetus and there are no adequate and well-controlled studies in pregnant women OR Animal studies have shown an adverse effect, but adequate and well-controlled studies in pregnant women have failed to demonstrate a risk to the fetus in any trimester.
Contraindication
Hypersensitivity.
Storage Condition
Store in a cool and dry place, protected from light.
Innovators Monograph
You find simplified version here Chlorhexidinum
FAQ
What is Chlorhexidinum used for?
Chlorhexidinum is a disinfectant and antiseptic that is used for skin disinfection before surgery and to sterilize surgical instruments. It may be used both to disinfect the skin of the patient and the hands of the healthcare providers.Chlorhexidinum is used to treat gingivitis. It helps to reduce the inflammation (redness) and swelling of your gums and to reduce gum bleeding.
How safe is Chlorhexidinum?
Chlorhexidinum is non-flammable. At high concentrations Chlorhexidinum is harmful, however at the low concentrations typically used for oral rinses and skin cleaners it can be safely used. In spite of the relatively non-toxic profile of Chlorhexidinum, there have been incidences of anaphylactic reactions.
How does Chlorhexidinum work?
Chlorhexidinum work kills by disrupting the cell membrane.
What are the common side effects of Chlorhexidinum?
The most common side effects of Chlorhexidinum are:
- an increase in staining of teeth and other oral surfaces;
- an increase in calculus formation; and
- an alteration in taste perception,
Is Chlorhexidinum safe during pregnancy?
There are no well-controlled studies that have been done in pregnant women. Chlorhexidinum chip should be used during pregnancy only if the possible benefit outweighs the possible risk to the unborn baby.
Is Chlorhexidinum safe during breastfeeding?
Use of Chlorhexidinum oral rinse by a nursing mother is unlikely to adversely affect her infant.
Can I drink alcohol with Chlorhexidinum?
When using dental Chlorhexidinum treatments, the lozenges or sore throat spray, wait at least 30 to 60 minutes before eating or drinking.There is no specific food or drink to avoid when using Chlorhexidinum. However, be aware that some of the dental sprays and mouth sprays contain alcohol.
When shouId be taken Chlorhexidinum ?
Rinse your mouth with the solution after brushing your teeth, usually twice daily (after breakfast and at bedtime) or as directed by your doctor.
How often can I take Chlorhexidinum?
Adults use 15 milliliters as a mouth wash for 30 seconds two times a day. Children up to 18 years of age use and dose must be determined by your dentist or medical doctor.
How long does Chlorhexidinum take to work?
Dosage is based on your medical condition and response to treatment. Use this medication regularly to get the most benefit from it. To help you remember, use it at the same times each day. It may take up to 6 weeks to see the full benefits of using this medication.
How long does Chlorhexidinum stay in my system?
Sometimes this effect may last up to 4 hours after you use the oral rinse. In most cases, this effect will become less noticeable as you continue to use the medicine.
Can I use Chlorhexidinum daily?
Rinse your mouth with Chlorhexidinum gluconate twice daily after brushing your teeth.
How long can I use Chlorhexidinum?
Chlorhexidinum is an antiseptic against a broad spectrum of bacteria. The authors found high-quality evidence that short-term (4-6 weeks) and longer-term (6 months) use of Chlorhexidinum mouthwash in addition to usual toothbrushing and cleaning leads to a large reduction in the build-up of plaque.
When can I stop using Chlorhexidinum?
Only use Chlorhexidinum for up to 2 weeks, unless otherwise prescribed by your dentist. Chlorhexidinum mouthwash is not meant to be a permanent solution and your dentist will likely only prescribe it for 1-2 weeks to give your teeth, gums, and soft tissues a deep clean.
Who should not take Chlorhexidinum?
Do not give Chlorhexidinum to a child or teenager without a doctor's advice.Chlorhexidinum may cause severe irritation or chemical burns in young children.Chlorhexidinum gluconate is not approved for use by anyone younger than 18 years old.
What happens if I miss a dose of Chlorhexidinum?
Use the missed dose as soon as you remember. Skip the missed dose if it is almost time for your next scheduled dose. Do not use extra medicine to make up the missed dose.
What happens if I overdose?
An overdose of Chlorhexidinum topical is not expected to be dangerous. Seek emergency medical attention if anyone has accidentally swallowed the medication.
What happen If I stop taking Chlorhexidinum?
When you stop using Chlorhexidinum, your taste should return to normal. Chlorhexidinum may cause staining and an increase in tartar (calculus) on your teeth. Brushing with a tartar-control toothpaste and flossing your teeth daily may help reduce this tartar build-up and staining.
Does Chlorhexidinum raise blood pressure?
Chlorhexidinum may raise systolic blood pressure.
Can Chlorhexidinum make me dizzy?
If you consume a large amount of Chlorhexidinum, it can cause symptoms like dizziness or drowsiness.
