Compressed Gas N.O.S.
Compressed Gas N.O.S. Uses, Dosage, Side Effects, Food Interaction and all others data.
Helium is a second most abundant chemical element in the universe with symbol He and atomic number 2. It is a colorless, odorless, tasteless, non-toxic, inert, monatomic gas located at the top of the noble gases on the periodic table. Its boiling and melting points are the lowest among all the elements. Its clinical benefit in inhalation therapy arises from its advantageous physical properties than ambient air. Helium has lower density than air and generates less resistance than to provide improved lung ventilation. It is also used as an analytical reagent in diagnostic/imaging tests to detect respiratory function of the patient.
Helium provides lung ventilation and prevents narrowing or collapse in respiratory units. It increases the tendency to laminar flow and reduces the resistance in turbulent flow, leading to more efficient penetration of gases to the distal alveoli, higher minute volumes and improved ventilation.
Oxygen therapy, also known as supplemental oxygen, is the use of oxygen as a medical treatment. This can include for low blood oxygen, carbon monoxide toxicity, cluster headaches, and to maintain enough oxygen while inhaled anesthetics are given. Long term oxygen is often useful in people with chronically low oxygen such as from severe COPD or cystic fibrosis. Oxygen can be given in a number of ways including nasal cannula, face mask, and inside a hyperbaric chamber.
Oxygen is required for normal cell metabolism. Excessively high concentrations can cause oxygen toxicity such as lung damage or result in respiratory failure in those who are predisposed. Higher oxygen concentrations also increase the risk of fires, particularly while smoking, and without humidification can also dry out the nose. The target oxygen saturation recommended depends on the condition being treated. In most conditions a saturation of 94-98% is recommended, while in those at risk of carbon dioxide retention saturations of 88-92% are preferred, and in those with carbon monoxide toxicity or cardiac arrest they should be as high as possible. Air is typically 21% oxygen by volume while oxygen therapy increases this by some amount up to 100%.
The use of oxygen in medicine become common around 1917. It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines, the most effective and safe medicines needed in a health system.
Oxygen therapy improves effective cellular oxygenation, even at a low rate of tissue perfusion. Oxygen molecules adjust hypoxic ventilatory drive by acting on chemoreceptors on carotid bodies that sequentially relay sensory information to the higher processing centers in brainstem. It also attenuates hypoxia-induced mitochondrial depolarization that generates reactive oxygen species and/or apoptosis.Studies investigating on hyperbaric oxygen therapy has shown that oxygen supplementation can induce neural stem cell proliferation in neonatal rats thus promoting neurological regeneration after injuries . CD34+, CD45-dim leukocytes are also potential targets for hyperbaric oxygen therapy benefit as their mobilization was increased in vitro which could facilitate the acceleration of recovery at peripheral sites .
| Trade Name | Compressed Gas N.O.S. |
| Generic | Oxygen + helium |
| Type | Gas |
| Therapeutic Class | |
| Manufacturer | |
| Available Country | United States |
| Last Updated: | September 19, 2023 at 7:00 am |
Uses
Helium is a gas used for medical conditions where there is a need for increased oxygen intake, such as upper airway obstruction in asthma and COPD.
For use in patients who are not getting enough oxygen into their blood due to blockages in the lungs from pathological conditions or injuries. Suggested potential benefit in upper airway obstruction, in severe asthma, and in exacerbations of COPD/COLD. Helium may be used in place of carbon monoxide during laparoscopic surgeries as it lowers the risk of developing respiratory acidosis in selected patients.
Oxygen contains not less than 99.5% v/v of O2. Oxygen labelled as having been produced by the air-liquefaction process may be exempted from the requirements of the tests for carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide.
Acute severe asthma, Anxiety, Artificially ventilated patients, Carbon monoxide poisoning, COPD, Cyanosis, Major trauma, Resuscitation, Severe hemorrhage, Shock
Compressed Gas N.O.S. is also used to associated treatment for these conditions: Increased upper airway resistance, Upper Airway ObstructionAnemia, Hypoxemia, Hypoxia, Malignancies, Migraine, Polycythemia, Pulmonary Hypertension (PH), Respiratory Disorders, Sleep Apnea
How Compressed Gas N.O.S. works
Due to its lower density, helium achieves more effective flow of gas due to lowered resistance to gas flow within the airways and reduces the work of breathing by decreasing the pressure gradient needed to achieve a turbulent flow . Helium has a higher diffusion coefficient for carbon dioxide relative to oxygen thus promotes exhalation of trapped carbon dioxide. This reduces hypercapnia and normalizes pH. Helium increases the coronary collateral circulation and enhances the vasodilatory effects of inhaled nitric oxide on pulmonary vessels. It is suggested to possess neuroprotective properties. Cardioprotective effects against ischemia are mediated through early and late preconditioning by exposing the myocardial tissues to short ischemic episodes. Studies show that helium is associated with activation of pro-survival signalling kinases and inhibition of the opening of mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP).
Oxygen therapy increases the arterial pressure of oxygen and is effective in improving gas exchange and oxygen delivery to tissues, provided that there are functional alveolar units. Oxygen plays a critical role as an electron acceptor during oxidative phosphorylation in the electron transport chain through activation of cytochrome c oxidase (terminal enzyme of the electron transport chain). This process achieves successful aerobic respiration in organisms to generate ATP molecules as an energy source in many tissues. Oxygen supplementation acts to restore normal cellular activity at the mitochondrial level and reduce metabolic acidosis. There is also evidence that oxygen may interact with O2-sensitive voltage-gated potassium channels in glomus cells and cause hyperpolarization of mitochondrial membrane .
Dosage
Compressed Gas N.O.S. dosage
Adult: Use as required
Child: Safety and efficacy has not been established
Toxicity
Little evidence of toxic effects from helium therapy in clinical settings. Due to high thermal conductivity, may cause hypothermia in case of prolonged administration.
May cause burns or frostbites in case of eye or skin contact with rapidly expanding gas. Oxygen therapy can induce hypercapnic respiratory failure in patients with respiratory diseases and musculoskeletal diseases in upper airways. Sudden cessation of oxygen supplementation in these patients can further lead to rebound hypoxaemia. In patients with mild or moderate strokes, hyperoxaemia may cause absorption atelectasis or myocardial infarction. Oxygen content should be monitored following the administration to verify therapeutic benefit.
Half Life
0.8 seconds
Approximately 122.24 seconds
Elimination Route
Respiration
Exhalation
Pregnancy & Breastfeeding use
Pregnancy Category: Not classified.
Contraindication
Hypersensitivity
Storage Condition
Oxygen should be kept as compressed gas or liquid at cryogenic temperature, in appropriate containers complying withthe safety regulations of the national authority. Valves or taps should not be lubricated with oil or grease.
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