Crotalus adamanteus immune fab antivenin (ovine)

Crotalus adamanteus immune fab antivenin (ovine) Uses, Dosage, Side Effects, Food Interaction and all others data.

Each year it is estimated there are 45,000 snakebites in the US and 300,000 to 400,000 bites worldwide. About 8000 of these snakebites involve venomous snake species. The majority of people bitten are males and about 50% occur in the age group of 18 to 28 .

The eastern diamondback rattlesnake is the largest of the 32 species of rattlesnake currently recognized. They are large, heavy-bodied snakes with large, broad heads with two light lines on the face .

Crotalus adamanteus immune fab antivenin (ovine) is derived and purified immunoglobulin fragments obtained from other domestic animals such as sheep previously immunized with Crotalus adamanteus (Eastern Diamondback rattlesnake). The final purified antivenin product is obtained by mixing other different monospecific snake antivenins and isolating the antivenin of interest through fractionation and chromatography techniques. It is intravenously administered to limit systemic toxicity .

Crotalus adamanteus immune fab antivenin (ovine)
Uses
Dosage
Side Effect
Precautions
Interactions
Uses during Pregnancy
Uses during Breastfeeding
Accute Overdose
Food Interaction
Half Life
Volume of Distribution
Clearance
Interaction With other Medicine
Contradiction
Storage

Trade Name	Crotalus adamanteus immune fab antivenin (ovine)
Generic	Crotalus adamanteus antivenin
Crotalus adamanteus antivenin Other Names	Crotalus adamanteus immune fab antivenin (ovine)
Type
Groups	Approved, Experimental
Therapeutic Class
Manufacturer
Available Country
Last Updated:	September 19, 2023 at 7:00 am

Uses

Crotalus adamanteus immune fab antivenin (ovine) is a mixture of antibodies used to treat venomous snake bites from Crotalus adamanteus (Eastern Diamondback rattlesnake).

Indicated for North American crotalid envenomation by Crotalinae rattlesnakes (eg, cottonmouths/water moccasins, copperheads, rattlesnakes) , .

Crotalus adamanteus immune fab antivenin (ovine) is also used to associated treatment for these conditions: Venom poisoning caused by Crotalus adamanteus

How Crotalus adamanteus immune fab antivenin (ovine) works

CROFAB consists of venom-specific Fab fragments of immunoglobulin G (IgG) that work by binding to and neutralizing venom toxins, facilitating their redistribution away from target tissues and their elimination from the body .

CROFAB contains only the Fab fragments from ovine-derived immunoglobulins. The enzyme papain is used to cleave the IgG antibody, creating 2 separate Fab fragments and 1 Fc fragment. After the cleavage step, another protein binds to the Fc fragments, which are not essential for binding snake venom, allowing the pure Fab fragments to be recovered. The Fab fragments of an immunoglobulin contain the variable regions that recognize and bind to specific antigens .

Toxicity

Most common adverse reactions (incidence ≥5% of subjects): urticaria, rash, nausea, pruritus and back pain. Allergic reaction (severe hives and a severe rash and pruritus) has been observed following treatment. Recurrent coagulopathy due to envenomation and requiring additional treatment may occur .

CROFAB contains purified immunoglobulin fragments from the blood of sheep that have been immunized with snake venoms. Injection of heterologous animal proteins can lead to severe acute and delayed hypersensitivity reactions (late serum reaction or serum sickness) and a possible febrile response to immune complexes formed by animal antibodies and neutralized venom components .

Papain enzyme is used to cleave antibodies into fragments during the processing of CROFAB, and negligible amounts of papain or inactivated papain residues may be present. Patients allergic to papain, chymopapain, other papaya extracts, or the pineapple enzyme bromelain may also have an allergic reaction to CROFAB. Certain dust mite allergens and some latex allergens share antigenic structures with papain and patients with these allergies may be allergic to papain .