Desflurane
Desflurane Uses, Dosage, Side Effects, Food Interaction and all others data.
Desflurane, or I-653, a a volatile anesthetic that is more rapidly cleared and less metabolized than previous inhaled anesthetics such as methoxyflurane, sevoflurane, enflurane, or isoflurane.. It was developed in the late 1980s out of a need for a more rapidly acting and rapidly cleared inhaled anesthetic.
Desflurane was granted FDA approval on 18 September 1992.
Desflurane is a general inhalation anesthetic. It has a short duration of action as it is rapidly cleared. Patients should be counselled regarding the risks of malignant hyperthermia, perioperative hyperkalemia, respiratory adverse reactions in pediatric patients, QTc prolongation, hepatobiliary disorders, pediatric neurotoxicity, and postoperative agitation in children.
| Trade Name | Desflurane |
| Availability | Prescription only |
| Generic | Desflurane |
| Desflurane Other Names | Desflurane, Desflurano, Desfluranum |
| Related Drugs | fentanyl, lidocaine, ketamine, hyoscyamine, propofol, glycopyrrolate |
| Type | |
| Formula | C3H2F6O |
| Weight | Average: 168.0378 Monoisotopic: 168.000983916 |
| Protein binding | Desflurane is bound to human serum albumin in plasma. |
| Groups | Approved |
| Therapeutic Class | |
| Manufacturer | Piramal Critical Care Ltd |
| Available Country | United Kingdom, United States |
| Last Updated: | September 19, 2023 at 7:00 am |
Uses
Desflurane is a general inhalation anesthetic for inpatient and outpatient surgery in adults.
Desflurane is indicated for the induction and maintenance of anesthesia in adults, as well as the maintenance of anesthesia in pediatric patients.
Desflurane is also used to associated treatment for these conditions: Induction and Maintenance of General Anesthesia, Maintenance of anesthesia therapy
How Desflurane works
The mechanism of inhalational anesthetics is still not fully understood. They can block excitatory ion channels and increase the activity of inhibitory ion channels. The most notable agonism is at the GABAA channel. Desflurane is also an agonist of glycine receptors, antagonist of glutamate receptors, inducer of potassium voltage gated channels, and inhibits both NADH-ubiquinone oxioreductase chain 1 and calcium transporting ATPases.
An older school of thought is the unitary theory of general anesthetic action, suggesting that desflurane affects the lipid bilayer of cells. Studies of other halogenated inhalational anesthetics have shown that the lipid bilayer spreads out more thinly as the anesthetic incorporates into the bilayer. However, the anesthetic does not bind to lipid heads or acyl chains of hydrocarbons in the bilayer. The effect of incorporating into the lipid bilayer is not well described. By incorporating into the lipid bilayer, anesthetics may introduce disorder in the lipids, leading to some indirect effect on ion channels. However, this theory remains controversial.
Toxicity
Patients experiencing a desflurane overdose may experience deepening anesthesia, cardiac or respiratory depression. In the event of an overdose, patients may require symptomatic and supportive treatment to maintain airway, breathing, and circulation. Discontinue desflurane.
Food Interaction
No interactions found.Desflurane Drug Interaction
Major: epinephrine, epinephrineModerate: hydromorphone, hydromorphone, diltiazem, diltiazemUnknown: charcoal, charcoal, azithromycin, azithromycin, glucose, glucose, metoprolol, metoprolol, metoprolol, metoprolol, acetaminophen, acetaminophen, valproic acid, valproic acid
Volume of Distribution
Desflurane has a median volume of distribution of 612 mL/kg.
Elimination Route
Data regarding the Cmax, Tmax, and AUC of desflurane are not readily available.
Half Life
Desflurane has a terminal elimination half life of 8.16 ± 3.15 minutes.
Clearance
A 26 g dose of desflurane is 90% eliminated from the brain after 33 hours. The metabolite trifluoroacetic acid has a urinary clearance rate of 0.169 ± 0.107 µmol/L.
Elimination Route
Initially, desflurane is rapidly eliminated from the lungs. A small amount of the metabolite trifluoroacetic acid is eliminated in the urine and only 0.02% of an inhaled dose is recovered as urinary metabolites.
Innovators Monograph
You find simplified version here Desflurane
