Dhavit

Uses

No approved therapeutic indications.

Dexpanthenol is used for-

• For prevention and treatment of diaper rash in infants.
• For prevention and treatment of cracked or sore nipples in nursing women.
• For prevention and treatment of chafed, cracked or split skin.
• For treatment of light skin wounds and dry skin

Effective for:

• Vitamin A deficiency. Taking vitamin A by mouth is effective for preventing and treating symptoms of vitamin A deficiency. Vitamin A deficiency can occur in people with protein deficiency, diabetes, over-active thyroid, fever, liver disease, cystic fibrosis, or an inherited disorder called abetalipoproteinemia.

Possibly Effective for:

• Breast cancer. Premenopausal women with a family history of breast cancer who consume high levels of vitamin A in their diet seem to have reduced risk of developing breast cancer. It is not known if taking vitamin A supplements has the same benefit.
• Cataracts. Research suggests that high intake of vitamin A in the diet is linked to a lower risk of developing cataracts.
• Diarrhea related to HIV. Taking vitamin A along with conventional medicines seems to decrease the risk of death from diarrhea in HIV-positive children with vitamin A deficiency.
• Malaria. Taking vitamin A by mouth seems to decrease malaria symptoms in children less than 3 years-old living in areas where malaria is common.
• Measles. Taking vitamin A by mouth seems to reduce the risk of measles complications or death in children with measles and vitamin A deficiency.
• Precancerous lesions in the mouth (oral leukoplakia). Research suggests that taking vitamin A can help treat precancerous lesions in the mouth.
• Recovery from laser eye surgery (photoreactive keratectomy). Taking vitamin A by mouth along with vitamin E seems to improve healing after laser eye surgery.
• Complications after pregnancy. Taking vitamin A seems to reduce the risk of diarrhea and fever after pregnancy in malnourished women.
• Complications during pregnancy. Taking vitamin A by mouth seems to reduce the risk of death and night blindness during pregnancy in malnourished women.
• Eye disease affecting the retina (retinitis pigmentosa). Research suggests that taking vitamin A can slow the progression of an eye disease that causes damage to the retina.

Dhavit is also used to associated treatment for these conditions: Allergic Rhinitis (AR), Bursitis, Canker Sore, Contusions, Dermabrasion, Diaper Rash, Dry Skin, Edema, Hoarseness, Inflammation, Inflammation of Mouth, Insect Bites, Lateral Epicondylitis, Lesions of the Mucous Membranes, Nasal Congestion, Pharyngeal inflammation, Pruritus, Respiratory Tract Infections (RTI), Seasonal Allergic Rhinitis, Sinusitis, Skin Roughness, Sore Throat, Sunburn, Tendinitis, Tooth Extraction Site Healing, Traumatic Injuries caused by Dental Prosthesis, Urticaria, Vitamin Deficiency, Wounds caused by Surgery, Oral of the Tonsils, Dry, cracked skin, Dryness of the nose, Superficial Conjunctival injuries, Superficial Corneal injuries, Superficial Traumatic Injuries of the Nasal Mucosa, Superficial Wounds, Irrigation therapy, Nutritional supplementation, Oropharyngeal antisepsis, Vitamin supplementationDeficiency, Vitamin A, Deficiency, Vitamin D, Degenerative Retinal Disorders, Disorder of the Epithelium, Disorder of the Mesoderm, Inner ear disorder, Vitamin Deficiency, Vitamin E Deficiency, Nutritional supplementation

How Dhavit works

Curcumin acts as a scavenger of oxygen species, such as hydroxyl radical, superoxide anion, and singlet oxygen and inhibit lipid peroxidation as well as peroxide-induced DNA damage . Curcumin mediates potent anti-inflammatory agent and anti-carcinogenic actions via modulating various signalling molecules. It suppresses a number of key elements in cellular signal transduction pathways pertinent to growth, differentiation, and malignant transformation; it was demonstrated in vitro that curcumin inhibits protein kinases, c-Jun/AP-1 activation, prostaglandin biosynthesis, and the activity and expression of the enzyme cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 .

Dexpanthenol is an alcohol derivative of pantothenic acid, a component of the B complex vitamins and an essential component of a normally functioning epithelium. Dexpanthenol is enzymatically cleaved to form pantothenic acid, which is an essential component of Coenzyme A, which acts as a cofactor in many enzymatic reactions that are important for protein metabolism in the epithelium.

Dermatological effects of the topical use of dexpanthenol include increased fibroblast proliferation and accelerated re-epithelialization in wound healing. Furthermore, it acts as a topical protectant, moisturizer, and has demonstrated anti-inflammatory properties .

Vision:Vitamin A (all-trans retinol) is converted in the retina to the 11-cis-isomer of retinaldehyde or 11-cis-retinal. 11-cis-retinal functions in the retina in the transduction of light into the neural signals necessary for vision. 11-cis-retinal, while attached to opsin in rhodopsin is isomerized to all-trans-retinal by light. This is the event that triggers the nerve impulse to the brain which allows for the perception of light. All-trans-retinal is then released from opsin and reduced to all-trans-retinol. All-trans-retinol is isomerized to 11-cis-retinol in the dark, and then oxidized to 11-cis-retinal. 11-cis-retinal recombines with opsin to re-form rhodopsin. Night blindness or defective vision at low illumination results from a failure to re-synthesize 11-cis retinal rapidly.
Epithelial differentiation: The role of Vitamin A in epithelial differentiation, as well as in other physiological processes, involves the binding of Vitamin A to two families of nuclear retinoid receptors (retinoic acid receptors, RARs; and retinoid-X receptors, RXRs). These receptors function as ligand-activated transcription factors that modulate gene transcription. When there is not enough Vitamin A to bind these receptors, natural cell differentiation and growth are interrupted.

Dosage

Dhavit dosage

Check with the doctor or pharmacist if you are unsure how to use Dexpanthenol.

The usual dosage is generally:

• Diaper rash: Apply a thin layer on the baby’s bottom at every diaper change.
• Nipples: Apply a thin layer on the nipples after each nursing session. Wash the nipples thoroughly before the next nursing session.
• Dry/cracked skin or light wounds and chafed skin: Apply to the dry areas and/or to the wound up to 3 times a day.

Vitamin A deficiency For severe deficiency with corneal changes: 500,000 unit/day for 3 days, followed by 50,000 unit/day for 2 wk and then 10,000-20,000 unit/day for 2 mth as follow-up therapy.

For cases without corneal changes: 10,000-25,000 unit/day until clinical improvement occurs (usually 1 -2 wk).

Side Effects

As with any medicine, use of Dexpanthenol may cause side effects in some users. Do not be alarmed by the list of side effects. You may not suffer from any of them. Discontinue use and refer to a doctor immediately in the event of: Allergic reaction and/or allergic skin reaction such as: atopic dermatitis, allergic dermatitis, pruritus, redness, rash, eczema, urticaria, local irritation or blistering. If a side effect occurs, worsens, or if you suffer from a side effect not mentioned in this leaflet, consult with the doctor.

Hypervitaminosis A characterised by fatigue, irritability, anorexia, weight loss, vomiting and other Gl disturbances, low-grade fever, hepatosplenomegaly, skin changes, alopoecia, dry hair, cracking and bleeding lips, SC swelling, nocturia, pains in bones and joints.

Toxicity

In an acute oral toxicity study in mouse, LD50 was >2000 mg/kg . Single oral doses of curcumin at 1-5 g/kg bw induced no toxic effects in rats . There has been no cases of overdose reported .

Mouse LD50 : 9gm/kg (Intraperitoneal) Mouse: LD50 7gm/kg (Intravenous) Mouse: LD50 15gm/kg (Oral) Rabbit LD50 4gm/kg (Oral)

Acute toxicity to vitamin A can occur when adults or children ingest >100x or >20x the RDA, respectively, over a period of hours or a few days. The RDA for vitamin A differs depending on age and sex and can range from 300 - 900 μg retinol activity equivalents (RAE) per day. Symptoms of acute systemic toxicity generally include mucocutaneous involvement (e.g. xerosis, cheilitis, skin peeling) and may involve mental status changes. Children are typically more susceptible to acute vitamin A toxicity - daily intakes of as little as 1500 IU/kg have been observed to result in toxicity.

Chronic vitamin A toxicity can develop following the long-term ingestion of high vitamin A doses. While there is a wide variation in the lowest toxic vitamin A dose, the ingestion of >25 000 IU daily for 6 years or 100,000 IU daily for 6 months is considered to be toxic. Chronic vitamin A toxicity can affect many organ systems and can lead to the development of osteoporosis and CNS effects (e.g. headaches).

Precaution

Cholestatic jaundice; fat-malabsorption conditions. Monitor patients closely for toxicity. Liver impairment and children.

Interaction

Decreased absorption with neomycin. Increased risk of hypervitaminosis A with synthetic retinoids eg, acitretin, isotretinoin and tretinoin. Increased risk of toxicity when used with alcohol.

Volume of Distribution

Following oral administration of radio-labelled curcumin to rats, radioactivity was detected in the liver and kidneys .

Dexpanthenol is readily converted to pantothenic acid which is widely distributed into body tissues, mainly as coenzyme A. Highest concentrations are found in the liver, adrenal glands, heart, and kidneys.

Elimination Route

Curcumin displays poor absorption into the gastrointestinal tract. In a rat study, oral administration of a single dose of 2 g of curcumin resulted in a plasma concentration of less than 5 μg/mL, indicating poor absorption from the gut .

Dexpanthenol is soluble in water and alcohol, although insoluble in fats and oil based substances. With the appropriate vehicle, Dexpanthenol is easily penetrated into the skin. Rate of penetration and absorption is reduced when Dexpanthenol is administered as an oil/water formula.

Readily absorbed from the normal gastrointestinal tract

Half Life

No pharmacokinetic data available.

Half life have not been reported

1.9 hours

Clearance

No pharmacokinetic data available.

Elimination Route

Following oral administration of curcumin to rats at a dose of 1 g/kg bw, about 75% of dose was excreted in the faeces and only traces of the compound was detected in the urine . When a single 400 mg dose of curcumin was administered orally to rats, about 60% was absorbed and 40% was excreted unchanged in the faeces over an period of 5 days . Intraperitoneal administration resulted in fecal excretion of 73% and biliary excretion of 11% .

Milk of nursing mothers receiving a normal diet contains about 2 ug of pantothenic acid per mL. About 70% of an oral dose of pantothenic acid is excreted unchanged in urine and about 30% in feces.

Pregnancy & Breastfeeding use

Pregnancy Category A. Adequate and well-controlled human studies have failed to demonstrate a risk to the fetus in the first trimester of pregnancy (and there is no evidence of risk in later trimesters).

Contraindication

Hypervitaminosis A; pregnancy (dose exceeding RDA).

Storage Condition

Do not store above 30 degree Celsius. Keep away from light and out of the reach of children.

Innovators Monograph

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