Doxofyl

Doxofyl Uses, Dosage, Side Effects, Food Interaction and all others data.

Doxophylline is a novel bronchodilator. It structurally differs from Theophylline due to the presence of a dioxolane group in position 7.

Doxophylline selectively inhibits phosphodiesterase 4 thereby relaxes bronchial smooth muscle. However, differently from Theophylline, Doxophylline appears to have decreased affinities toward adenosine A1 and A2 receptors, which may account for the better safety profile of the drug. Doxophylline is reported to inhibit platelet activating factor (PAF) and generation of leukotriene production.

Doxofyl is a methylxanthine bronchodilator with potent bronchodilator activity comparable to that of theophylline. In animal studies, doxofylline demonstrated to attenuate bronchoconstriction, inflammatory actions and the release of thromboxane A2 (TXA2) when challenged with platelet-activating factor .

Doxofyl does not demonstrate direct inhibition of any histone deacetylase (HDAC) enzymes or known PDE enzyme isoforms and did not act as an antagonist at A2 or A2 receptors. The affinity for adenosine A1, A2A and A2B receptors are reported to be all higher than 100 µM . It only displays an inhibitory action against PDE2A1 and antagonism at adenosine A(2A) at high concentrations [A31642]. A study demonstrated that doxofylline interacts with β2-adrenoceptors to induce blood vessel relaxation and airway smooth muscle relaxation. In dog studies, doxofylline decreased airway responsiveness at a dose that did not affect heart rate and respiratory rate .

Trade Name Doxofyl
Generic Doxofylline
Doxofylline Other Names doxofilina, Doxofylline, Doxophylline
Weight 400mg
Type Tablet
Formula C11H14N4O4
Weight Average: 266.257
Monoisotopic: 266.101504947
Protein binding

At pH 7.4, the fraction of plasma protein binding is about 48% .

Groups Experimental
Therapeutic Class Methyl xanthine derivatives
Manufacturer Strides Shasun Limited
Available Country India
Last Updated: September 19, 2023 at 7:00 am
Doxofyl
Doxofyl

Uses

Doxophylline is used to treat asthma, COPD and bronchospasm.

Doxofyl is also used to associated treatment for these conditions: Bronchial Asthma, Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD), Pulmonary Diseases

How Doxofyl works

The main mechanism of action of doxofylline is unclear. One of the mechanisms of action of is thought to arise from the inhibition of phosphodiesterase activity thus increasing the levels of cAMP and promoting smooth muscle relaxation.

The interaction of doxofylline with beta-2 adrenoceptors was demonstrated by a study using nonlinear chromatography, frontal analysis and molecular docking [A31646]. Serine 169 and serine 173 residues in the receptor are thought to be critical binding sites for doxofylline where hydrogen bonds are formed [A31646]. Via mediating the actions of beta-2 adrenoceptors, doxofylline induces blood vessel relaxation and airway smooth muscle relaxation.

There is also evidence that doxofylline may exert anti-inflammatory actions by reducing the pleurisy induced by the inflammatory mediator platelet activating factor (PAF) according to a rat study [A31646]. It is suggested that doxofylline may play an important role in attenuating leukocyte diapedesis, supported by mouse preclinical studies where doxofylline administration was associated with inhibited leukocyte migration across vascular endothelial cells in vivo and in vitro .Unlike theophylline, doxofylline does not inhibit tumor necrosis factor-induced interleukin (IL)-8 secretion in ASM cells.

Dosage

Doxofyl dosage

Adult:400 mg daily in the evening. However, in certain cases, 400 mg twice daily is recommended on the basis of the clinical response. Doses as high as 1200 mg/day (400 mg 3 times daily) may also be prescribed. In elderly patients with concomitant cardiovascular, hepatic and renal diseases recommended dosage should be 200 mg twice daily.

Children (above 6 years of age):The recommended dosage of Doxophylline is 6 mg/kg twice daily. The dose may be increased up to 18 mg/kg daily on the basis of clinical response.

Dosage Type: 6 mg/kg b.i.d

  • Weight of the Child: 10 kg > Dosage: 3 ml
  • Weight of the Child: 15 kg > Dosage: 4.5 ml
  • Weight of the Child: 20 kg > Dosage: 6 ml
  • Weight of the Child: 25 kg > Dosage: 7.5 ml
  • Weight of the Child: 30 kg > Dosage: 9 ml
  • Weight of the Child: 35 kg > Dosage: 10.5 ml
  • Weight of the Child: 40 kg > Dosage: 12 ml

Side Effects

Patients treated with Xanthine derivatives may suffer nausea, vomiting, epigastric pain, headache, irritability, insomnia, tachycardia, extrasystoles, tachypnea, and in rare cases, hyperglycemia or albuminuria.

Toxicity

Oral LD50 in rat and mouse are 965 mg/kg and 841 mg/kg, respectively. Intraperitoneal LD50 in rat and mouse are 426 mg/kg and 396 mg/kg, respectively .

Precaution

Use with caution in patients with hypoxemia, hyperthyroidism, liver disease, renal disease, in those with history of peptic ulcer and in elderly. Frequently, patients with Congestive Heart Failure (CHF) have markedly prolonged drug serum levels following discontinuation of Doxofyl.

Interaction

Doxophylline should not be administered together with other xanthine derivatives. Toxic synergism with ephedrine has been documented for xanthines. Like other xanthines, concomitant therapy with erythromycin, troleandomycin, lincomycin, allopurinol, cimetidine, ranitidine, propranolol and anti-flu vaccine may decrease the hepatic clearance of xanthines causing an increase in blood levels.

Volume of Distribution

Doxofyl demonstrates a short distribution phase following intravenous administration of 100 mg given in adults with chronic bronchitis . As methylxanthines are distributed to all body compartments, doxofylline may be detected in breast milk and placenta .

Elimination Route

After repeated administrations doxofylline reaches the steady-state in about 4 days. Following oral administration of 400 mg doxofylline twice daily for 5 days in adults with chronic bronchitis, the peak plasma concentrations (Cmax) at steady state ranged from 5.78 to 20.76 mcg/mL. The time to reach maximum concentration (Tmax) was 1.19 ± 0.19 hours . The absolute bioavailability of doxofylline in healthy subjects was 63 ± 25% .

Half Life

Following administration of a single intravenous dose of 100 mg over 10 minutes in adults with chronic bronchitis, the elimination half life of doxofylline was 1.83 ± 0.37 hours. Following oral administration of 400 mg twice daily for 5 days in adults with chronic bronchitis, the mean elimination half life was 7.01 ± 0.80 hours .

Clearance

Following oral administration of 400 mg doxofylline twice daily for 5 days, the total clearance was 555.2 ± 180.6 mL/min .

Elimination Route

Less than 4% of an orally administered dose is excreted unchanged in the urine due to extensive hepatic metabolism .

Pregnancy & Breastfeeding use

Use in pregnancy: Animal reproduction studies indicate that Doxophylline does not cause fetal harm when administered to pregnant animals nor can affect reproduction capacity. However, since there is limited experience in human during pregnancy, Doxophylline should be given to pregnant women only if clearly needed.

Use in nursing mothers: Doxophylline is contraindicated in nursing mothers.

Contraindication

This is contraindicated for individuals who have shown hypersensitivity to Doxofyl and its components. It is also contraindicated in patients with acute myocardial infarction, hypotension, and in lactating women.

Acute Overdose

In case of overdose severe cardiac arrhythmias and tonic-clonic seizure may occur. These effects may represent the first signs of intoxication. The appearance of side effects may require discontinuation of the treatment which, if necessary, at the physician’s discretion, may be resumed at lower doses after all signs and symptoms of toxicity have subsided.

As there is no specific antidote, in case of overdose a symptomatic treatment of cardiovascular collapse should be instituted.

Storage Condition

Store at room temperature (not exceeding 25°C). Store in cool and dry place, protected from light.

Innovators Monograph

You find simplified version here Doxofyl

Doxofyl contains Doxofylline see full prescribing information from innovator Doxofyl Monograph, Doxofyl MSDS, Doxofyl FDA label

FAQ

What does Doxofyl used for?

Doxofyl is used in the treatment and prevention of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and asthma. Doxofyl is a bronchodilator. It works by relaxing the muscles of the airways and widens airways. This makes breathing easier.

Is Doxofyl an antibiotic?

Doxofyl is not an antibiotic. Doxofyl is a bronchodilator used for the treatment of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)

What are the side effects of Doxofyl?

Most side effects do not require any medical attention and disappear as your body adjusts to the medicine. Consult your doctor if they persist or if you’re worried about them
Common side effects of Doxofyl

  • Vomiting
  • Headache
  • Nausea
  • Upset stomach

How to use Doxofyl?

Take this medicine in the dose and duration as advised by your doctor. Swallow it as a whole. Do not chew, crush or break it. Doxofyl may be taken with or without food, but it is better to take it at a fixed time.
Doxofyl with caffeine and chocolate as well as food containing caffeine and chocolate such as tea leaves, cocoa beans.

How Doxofyl works?

Doxofyl is a bronchodilator. It works by relaxing the muscles of the airways and widens airways. This makes breathing easier.

Is Doxofyl a steroid?

Doxofyl is not a steroid. Doxofyl is a bronchodilator used for the treatment of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).

*** Taking medicines without doctor's advice can cause long-term problems.
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