Emduo Junior

Emduo Junior Uses, Dosage, Side Effects, Food Interaction and all others data.

Lamivudine is a synthetic nucleoside analogue. Lamivudine is phosphorylated intracellularly to lamivudine triphosphate. Incorporation of the monophosphate form into viral DNA occurs by hepatitis B virus (HBV) polymerase. As a result DNA chain is terminated. Lamivudine triphosphate also inhibits the RNA and DNA-dependent DNA polymerase activities of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase (RT). Lamivudine triphosphate is a very weak inhibitor of mammalian alpha, beta, and gamma-DNA polymerases.

Lamivudine is a nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI) with activity against Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 (HIV-1) and hepatitis B (HBV) to disrupt viral DNA synthesis. When phosphorylated, lamivudine can form active metabolites that compete for incorporation into viral DNA. Via DNA incorporation, lamivudine metabolites competitively inhibit the activity of the HIV reverse transcriptase enzyme and act as a chain terminator of DNA synthesis. Due to the lack of a 3'-OH group, incorporated nucleoside analogues prevent the formation of a 5' to 3' phosphodiester linkage that is essential for DNA chain elongation.

A dideoxynucleoside analog that inhibits reverse transcriptase and has in vitro activity against HIV.

Stavudine is a nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI) with activity against Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 (HIV-1). Stavudine is phosphorylated to active metabolites that compete for incorporation into viral DNA. They inhibit the HIV reverse transcriptase enzyme competitively and act as a chain terminator of DNA synthesis. The lack of a 3'-OH group in the incorporated nucleoside analogue prevents the formation of the 5' to 3' phosphodiester linkage essential for DNA chain elongation, and therefore, the viral DNA growth is terminated.

Emduo Junior
Uses
Dosage
Side Effect
Precautions
Interactions
Uses during Pregnancy
Uses during Breastfeeding
Accute Overdose
Food Interaction
Half Life
Volume of Distribution
Clearance
Interaction With other Medicine
Contradiction
Storage

Trade Name	Emduo Junior
Generic	Lamivudine + Stavudine
Weight	10mg
Type	Tablet
Therapeutic Class
Manufacturer	Emcure Pharmaceuticals Ltd
Available Country	India
Last Updated:	September 19, 2023 at 7:00 am

Uses

Lamivudine is used for the treatment of chronic hepatitis B associated with evidence of hepatitis B viral replication and active liver inflammation.

Stavudine is a dideoxynucleoside used in the treatment of HIV infection.

For the treatment of human immunovirus (HIV) infections.

Emduo Junior is also used to associated treatment for these conditions: Hepatitis B Chronic Infection, Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) InfectionsHuman Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Infections

How Emduo Junior works

Lamivudine is a synthetic nucleoside analogue and is phosphorylated intracellularly to its active 5'-triphosphate metabolite, lamivudine triphosphate (L-TP). This nucleoside analogue is incorporated into viral DNA by HIV reverse transcriptase and HBV polymerase, resulting in DNA chain termination.

Stavudine inhibits the activity of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase (RT) both by competing with the natural substrate dGTP and by its incorporation into viral DNA.

Dosage

Emduo Junior dosage

The recommended oral dose of Lamivudine for the treatment of chronic hepatitis B in adults is 100 mg once daily.

Side Effects

Several serious adverse events reported with lamivudine (lactic acidosis and severe hepatomegaly with steatosis, post treatment exacerbations of hepatitis B, pancreatitis, and emergence of viral mutants associated with reduced drug susceptibility and diminished treatment response). Malaise, fatigue, fever, ENT infections, sore throat, nausea, vomiting, abdominal discomfort, pain, diarrhea, myalgia, arthralgia, headache, skin rashes may occur. Lactic acidosis and severe hepatomegaly with steatosis, have been reported.

Toxicity

The most common reported adverse reactions (incidence ≥15%) in adults were headache, nausea, malaise and fatigue, nasal signs and symptoms, diarrhea, and cough.

Side effects include peripheral neuropathy tingling, burning, numbness, or pain in the hands or feet), fatal lactic acidosis has been reported in patients treated with stavudine (ZERIT) in combination with other antiretroviral agents, severe liver enlargement, inflammation (pain and swelling) of the liver, and liver failure.

Precaution

Patients should be assessed before beginning treatment and during treatment with lamivudine by a physician experienced in the management of chronic hepatitis B.

Interaction

Trimethoprim 160 mg / Sulfamethoxazole 800 mg once daily has been shown to increase lamivudine exposure (AUC). The effect of higher doses of trimethoprim /sulfamethoxazole on lamivudine pharmacokinetics has not been investigated.

Volume of Distribution

Apparent volume of distribution, IV administration = 1.3 ± 0.4 L/kg. Volume of distribution was independent of dose and did not correlate with body weight.

46 ± 21 L

Elimination Route

Lamivudine was rapidly absorbed after oral administration in HIV-infected patients. Absolute bioavailability in 12 adult patients was 86% ± 16% (mean ± SD) for the 150-mg tablet and 87% ± 13% for the oral solution. The peak serum lamivudine concentration (Cmax) was 1.5 ± 0.5 mcg/mL when an oral dose of 2 mg/kg twice a day was given to HIV-1 patients. When given with food, absorption is slower, compared to the fasted state.

Following oral administration, stavudine is rapidly absorbed (bioavailability is 68-104%).

Half Life

5 to 7 hours (healthy or HBV-infected patients)

0.8-1.5 hours (in adults)

Clearance

Renal clearance = 199.7 ± 56.9 mL/min [300 mg oral dose, healthy subjects]
Renal clearance = 280.4 ± 75.2 mL/min [single IV dose, HIV-1-infected patients]
Total clearance = 398.5 ± 69.1 mL/min [HIV-1-infected patients]

Renal cl=272 mL/min [Healthy subjects receiving 80 mg PO]
594 +/- 164 mL/min [HIV-infected adult and pediatric patients following 1-hour IV infusion]
9.75 +/- 3.76 mL/min/kg [HIV- Exposed or -Infected Pediatric Patients(Age 5 weeks – 15 years) following 1-hour IV infusion]

Elimination Route

The majority of lamivudine is eliminated unchanged in urine by active organic cationic secretion. 5.2% ± 1.4% (mean ± SD) of the dose was excreted as the trans-sulfoxide metabolite in the urine. Lamivudine is excreted in human breast milk and into the milk of lactating rats.

Pregnancy & Breastfeeding use

There is no adequate and well-controlled study in pregnant women. Lamivudine should be used during pregnancy only if the potential benefits outweigh the risks. Although it is not known if lamivudine is excreted in human milk, there is the potential for adverse effects from lamivudine in nursing infants. Mothers should be instructed not to breast feed if they are receiving lamivudine.

Contraindication

Lamivudine is contraindicated in patients hypersensitive to any of the components of the product.

Special Warning

It is recommended that doses of Lamivudine should be adjusted in accordance with renal function. Dosage adjustment of Lamivudine in accordance with creatinine clearance is as follows:

CrCl 50 ml/min: 100 mg once daily
CrCl 30-49 ml/min: 100 mg first dose, then 50 mg once daily
CrCl 15-29 ml/min: 100 mg first dose, then 25 mg once daily
CrCl 5-14 ml/min: 35 mg first dose, then 15 mg once daily
CrCl <5 ml/min: 35 mg first dose, then 10 mg once daily

Use in children: Safety and efficacy of lamivudine for the treatment of chronic hepatitis B in children have not been established.