Enamid

Enamid Uses, Dosage, Side Effects, Food Interaction and all others data.

A second-line antitubercular agent that inhibits mycolic acid synthesis. It also may be used for treatment of leprosy. (From Smith and Reynard, Textbook of Pharmacology, 1992, p868)

Ethinamate is bacteriostatic against M. tuberculosis. In a study examining ethionamide resistance, ethionamide administered orally initially decreased the number of culturable Mycobacterium tuberculosis organisms from the lungs of H37Rv infected mice. Drug resistance developed with continued ethionamide monotherapy, but did not occur when mice received ethionamide in combination with streptomycin or isoniazid.

Enamid
Uses
Dosage
Side Effect
Precautions
Interactions
Uses during Pregnancy
Uses during Breastfeeding
Accute Overdose
Food Interaction
Half Life
Volume of Distribution
Clearance
Interaction With other Medicine
Contradiction
Storage

Trade Name	Enamid
Availability	Prescription only
Generic	Ethionamide
Ethionamide Other Names	Ethinamide, Ethionamide, Ethionamidum, Ethioniamide, Ethylisothiamide, Ethyonomide, Etionamid, Etionamida, Etionamide, Etioniamid
Related Drugs	ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, Levaquin, rifampin
Weight	250mg
Type	Tablet
Formula	C₈H₁₀N₂S
Weight	Average: 166.243 Monoisotopic: 166.05646902
Protein binding	Approximately 30% bound to proteins.
Groups	Approved
Therapeutic Class
Manufacturer	Century Pharmaceuticals (pvt) Ltd,
Available Country	Pakistan
Last Updated:	September 19, 2023 at 7:00 am

Uses

Enamid is a second line antitubercular agent used to treat tuberculosis when other treatments have failed.

For use in the treatment of pulmonary and extrapulmonary tuberculosis when other antitubercular drugs have failed.

Enamid is also used to associated treatment for these conditions: Active Tuberculosis

How Enamid works

Enamid may be bacteriostatic or bactericidal in action, depending on the concentration of the drug attained at the site of infection and the susceptibility of the infecting organism. Enamid, like prothionamide and pyrazinamide, is a nicotinic acid derivative related to isoniazid. It is thought that ethionamide undergoes intracellular modification and acts in a similar fashion to isoniazid. Isoniazid inhibits the synthesis of mycoloic acids, an essential component of the bacterial cell wall. Specifically isoniazid inhibits InhA, the enoyl reductase from Mycobacterium tuberculosis, by forming a covalent adduct with the NAD cofactor. It is the INH-NAD adduct that acts as a slow, tight-binding competitive inhibitor of InhA.

Toxicity

Symptoms of overdose include convulsions, nausea, and vomiting.

Food Interaction

Take with or without food. Taking Enamid with food may reduce gastrointestinal upset.

Enamid Alcohol interaction

[Major] GENERALLY AVOID:

The concomitant use of protionamide with alcohol may enhance the central nervous system exciting effect of protionamide.

The mechanism is not known.

Excessive use of alcohol with another thiocarbamide derivative ethionamide, has been reported to precipitate a psychotic reaction.

In addition, alcohol tolerance is reported to be reduced during protionamide treatment.

Consumption of alcohol during protionamide treatment should be avoided.

The manufacturer of ethionamide also advises that excess alcohol consumption should be avoided during ethionamide therapy (US).

Enamid Disease Interaction

Major: hepatotoxicity, liver disease, peripheral neuropathyModerate: diabetes mellitus

Volume of Distribution

93.5 L [healthy volunteers]

Elimination Route

Essentially completely absorbed following oral administration and not subjected to any appreciable first pass metabolism. Bioavailability approximately 100%.