Espirar Inhalation Capsule
Espirar Inhalation Capsule Uses, Dosage, Side Effects, Food Interaction and all others data.
Chlorobutanol, or chlorbutol, is an alcohol-based preservative with no surfactant activity . It also elicits sedative-hypnotic and weak local anesthetic actions in addition to antibacterial and antifungal properties. Similar in nature to chloral hydrate, it is formed by the simple nucleophilic addition of chloroform and acetone.
As a long-term stabilizer of multi-ingredient preparations, chlorobutanol is normally used at a concentration of 0.5%. At this concentration, it also conserves its antimicrobial activity.
Due to the long terminal half-life of 37 days, the use of chlorobutanol as a sedative is limited because of the considerable accumulation which will occur following multiple dosing . Chlorobutanol is a common detergent preservative in eye drops and other ophthalmic therapeutic formulations .
Menthol is a covalent organic compound made synthetically or obtained from peppermint or other mint oils. Forming clear or white waxy, crystalline substance, menthol is typically solid at room temperature. (-)-Menthol is the naturally-occurring and main form of menthol, and is assigned the (1R,2S,5R) configuration. Menthol mediates anesthetic properties and anti-irritating properties locally, thus it is widely used to relieve minor throat irritations.
Menthol is a covalent organic compound made synthetically or obtained from peppermint or other mint oils. Menthol induces a cooling sensation on the skin upon inhalation, oral ingestion, or topical application by stimulating the cold-sensitive receptors expressed on the skin, without actually causing a drop in the skin temperature.
A phenol obtained from thyme oil or other volatile oils. It is used as a stabilizer in pharmaceutic preparations. It has been used for its antiseptic, antibacterial, and antifungal actions, and was formerly used as a vermifuge. (Dorland, 28th ed)
| Trade Name | Espirar Inhalation Capsule |
| Generic | Levomenthol + Thymol + Terpineol + Chlorobutanol |
| Type | Inhalation Capsule |
| Therapeutic Class | |
| Manufacturer | Purnava Limited |
| Available Country | Bangladesh |
| Last Updated: | October 19, 2023 at 6:27 am |
Uses
A head cold can hamper sleep, making for restless nights. Espirar’s combination of natural vapors from Levomenthol, Thymol, Chlorobutanol & Terpineol work gently to help you or your child breathe more easily.Espirar Inhalation Capsule is also used to associated treatment for these conditions: Acute Rhinosinusitis, Acute Sinusitis, Infective otitis externa, Pollen Allergy, Rhinitis, Acute RhinitisAllergies, Arthritis, Back Pain Lower Back, Backache, Chilblains, Common Cold, Contusions, Cough, Cough caused by Common Cold, Dandruff, Flu caused by Influenza, Generalised muscle aches, Hemorrhoids, Intercostal Pain, Itching caused by Dandruff, Itching of the scalp, Joint Pain, Mild pain, Muscle Fatigue, Muscle Strain, Nasal Congestion, Orofacial Pain, Pain caused by Fracture Bone, Productive cough, Psoriasis, Redness of the scalp, Seborrheic Dermatitis, Shoulder Stiffness, Sore Throat, Soreness, Muscle, Sprains, Stiff Shoulder, Stiff neck, Swelling, Upper Respiratory Tract Infection, Hematomas, Muscle, joint pains, Nonspecific pain, Scalp irritation, Sports MassageCommon Cold, Laryngitis, Pharyngitis, Rhinitis, Upper respiratory tract congestionArthritis, Backache, Contusions, Joint Diseases, Joint Pain, Muscle Stiffness, Muscle Strain, Muscular Fatigue, Pain, Nerve, Plaque, Dental, Soreness, Muscle, Sprains, Skin disinfection
How Espirar Inhalation Capsule works
As a detergent, chlorobutanol disrupts the lipid structure of the cell membrane and increases the cell permeability, leading to cell lysis . It induces conjunctival and corneal cell toxicity via causing cell retraction and cessation of normal cytokines, cell movement, and mitotic activity . It disrupts the barrier and transport properties of the corneal epithelium as well as inhibits the utilization of oxygen by the cornea . Chlorobutanol also inhibits oxygen use by the cornea, which increases susceptibility to infection .
Menthol primarily activates the cold-sensitive TRPM8 receptors in the skin. Menthol, after topical application, causes a feeling of coolness due to stimulation of 'cold' receptors by inhibiting Ca++ currents of neuronal membranes. It may also yield analgesic properties via kappa-opioid receptor agonism.
Toxicity
Oral LD50 of anhydrous chlorobutanol in rat is 510 mg/kg . Chlorobutanol was shown to induce conjunctival and corneal cell toxicity in vitro
Menthol, DL: ORAL (LD50): Acute: 2900 mg/kg [Rat], 3100 mg/kg [Mouse]. DERMAL (LD50): Acute: 5001 mg/kg Rabbit.
Volume of Distribution
The volume of distribution was approximately 233 ± 141 L in healthy individuals receiving oral chlorobutanol .
Elimination Route
Following oral administration in healthy subjects, the plasma concentration fell by 50% in 24 hours post-administration .
Half Life
Following oral administration, the terminal elimination half life in healthy subjects was 10.3 ± 1.3 days .
Clearance
In healthy subjects, the clearance was approximately 11.6 ± 1.0 mL/min following oral administration .
Elimination Route
Under physiological conditions, chlorobutanol is unstable. The mean urinary recovery accounts for 9.6% of the dose orally administered .
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