Exocin Uses, Dosage, Side Effects and more
Exocin is a synthetic 4-fluoroquinolone antibacterial agent with bactericidal activity against a wide range of Gram-negative and Gram-positive organisms. Exocin is thought to exert bactericidal effect by inhibiting DNA gyrase, an essential enzyme that is a critical catalyst in the duplication, transcription and repair of bacterial DNA.
Exocin is a quinolone/fluoroquinolone antibiotic. Exocin is bactericidal and its mode of action depends on blocking of bacterial DNA replication by binding itself to an enzyme called DNA gyrase, which allows the untwisting required to replicate one DNA double helix into two. Notably the drug has 100 times higher affinity for bacterial DNA gyrase than for mammalian. Exocin is a broad-spectrum antibiotic that is active against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria.
Trade Name | Exocin |
Availability | Prescription only |
Generic | Ofloxacin |
Ofloxacin Other Names | Ofloxacin, Ofloxacine, Ofloxacino, Ofloxacinum, OFLX |
Related Drugs | amoxicillin, doxycycline, ciprofloxacin, cephalexin, metronidazole, azithromycin, clindamycin, ceftriaxone, levofloxacin, Augmentin |
Weight | 0.3%w/v, 0.3%w/w |
Type | Eye Drops, Eye Ointment, Eye Drops |
Formula | C18H20FN3O4 |
Weight | Average: 361.3675 Monoisotopic: 361.143784348 |
Protein binding | 32% |
Groups | Approved |
Therapeutic Class | 4-Quinolone preparations, Ophthalmic antibacterial drugs |
Manufacturer | Allergan India Pvt Ltd, Allergan Ltd, Barrett Hodgson Pakistan (pvt) Ltd, |
Available Country | India, United Kingdom, Pakistan |
Last Updated: | January 7, 2025 at 1:49 am |
Uses
Exocin Eye: It is used for the treatment of external ocular infections such as acute & sub-acute conjunctivitis, keratitis, kerato-conjunctivitis, blepharo-conjunctivitis, blepharitis, corneal ulcer and pre-operative prophylaxis in ocular surgery.
Exocin Ear: It is used for the treatment of external ear infections (otitis externa) and certain middle ear infections (otitis media).
Exocin Oral/Injection are used for the treatment of adults with mild to moderate infections caused by susceptible strains.
- Lower Respiratory Tract: Acute bacterial exacerbation of chronic bronchitis lung abscess, pneumonia.
- Gastrointestinal Tract: Enteric fever, shigellosis.
- Multi-drug-resistant Tuberculosis.
- Skin and skin structures: Uncomplicated skin and skin structure infections.
- Sexually Transmitted Diseases: Acute, Uncomplicated urethral and cervical gonorrhoea. Nongonococcal urethritis and cervicitis. Mixed infections of the urethra and cervix.
- Urinary tract: Uncomplicated Urinary Tract Infections, Complicated urinary tract infections.
Exocin is also used to associated treatment for these conditions: Acute Bacterial Exacerbation of Chronic Bronchitis (ABECB), Acute Otitis Media, Bacterial Infections, Cervicitis, Community Acquired Pneumonia (CAP), Complicated Urinary Tract Infection, Conjunctivitis, Epididymitis, Hansen's Disease, Nongonococcal urethritis, Otitis Externa, Prostatitis, Skin and Subcutaneous Tissue Bacterial Infections, Spontaneous Bacterial Peritonitis (SBP), Traveler's Diarrhea, Ulcerative keratitis, Acute Pelvic inflammatory disease, Acute, uncomplicated Gonorrhea, Chronic suppurative Otitis media, Uncomplicated Cystitis
How Exocin works
Exocin acts on DNA gyrase and toposiomerase IV, enzymes which, like human topoisomerase, prevents the excessive supercoiling of DNA during replication or transcription. By inhibiting their function, the drug thereby inhibits normal cell division.
Dosage
Exocin Eye: Instill 1 drop in the affected eye(s) every 2 to 4 hours for the first two days and then 4 times daily. The length of treatment should not exceed ten days.
Exocin Ear: Instill 1-2 drops in the affected ear(s) twice daily or as needed.
Exocin Intravenous (Adult):
- Skin and soft tissue infections: 400 mg bid infused over at least 1 hr.
- Complicated urinary tract infections: 200 mg daily by infusion over at least 30 min. Max: 400 mg bid infused over at least 1 hr.
- Lower respiratory tract infections, Septicaemia: 200 mg bid by infusion over at least 30 min. Max: 400 mg bid infused over at least 1 hr.
Exocin Oral (Adult):
General dosage recommendations: The dose of ofloxacin is determined by the type and severity of the infection. The dosage range for adults is 200 mg to 800 mg daily. Up to 400 mg may be given as a single dose, preferably in the morning, larger doses should be given as two divided doses. Exocin tablets should be swallowed with liquid; they should not be taken within two hours of intake of magnesium/aluminium containing antacids or iron preparations since reduction of absorption of ofloxacin can occur.
- Enteric fever: For adults 200 mg, every 12 hours, for 5 days. For children 15 mg/kg/day in 2 divided doses for 3 days.
- Shigellosis: 400 mg single dose.
- Multi-drug-resistant tuberculosis: 400 mg twice daily along with conventional anti-tuberculosis drugs.
- Lower respiratory tract infection: 400 mg daily, increasing, if necessary, to 400 mg twice daily.
- Uncomplicated Urinary Tract Infections: A single dose of 200/400 mg.
- Uncomplicated urethral and cervical gonorrhoea: A single dose of 400 mg.
- Non-gonococcal urethral and cervicitis: 400 mg daily in single or divided doses.
- Complicated Urinary Tract Infection: 200/400 mg/day for 7 days.
Children: Exocin is usually not indicated for use in children or growing adolescents.
Elderly: No adjustment of dosage is required in the elderly.
May be taken with or without food. Avoid antacids or supplements containing Fe or Zn within 2 hr before or after ofloxacin. Ensure adequate hydration.
Side Effects
Exocin Eye: Transient ocular irritation, burning, stinging, redness, itching or photophobia have been reported.
Exocin Ear: Mild irritation or mild discomfort in the ear may occur. Symptoms of an allergic reaction include rash, itching, swelling or trouble breathing.
Exocin tablet or injection is generally well tolerated and clinical side-effects of ofloxacin has been quite low. Among the adverse effects gastrointestinal and central nervous systems' reactions are common. Nausea, rash, vomiting, abdominal pain, diarrhoea and gastrointestinal distress are the gastrointestinal adverse effects. Common central nervous system reactions are headache, dizziness and insomnia.
Toxicity
LD50=5450 mg/kg (orally in mice)
Precaution
Patients being treated with Exocin should not expose themselves unnecessarily to strong sunlight and should avoid UV rays. Caution is recommended if the drug is to be used in psychotic patients or in-patients with a history of psychiatric disease.
Prolonged use of eye drops & ear drops may result in overgrowth of non-susceptible organisms and secondary infection respectively.
Interaction
Antacids containing magnesium, aluminium or calcium may decrease absorption of ofloxacin. Iron or Zinc may decrease oral absorption of ofloxacin.
Food Interaction
- Limit caffeine intake.
- Take with or without food. The absorption is unaffected by food.
Exocin multivitamins interaction
[Moderate] ADJUST DOSING INTERVAL: Oral preparations that contain magnesium, aluminum, or calcium may significantly decrease the gastrointestinal absorption of quinolone antibiotics.
Absorption may also be reduced by sucralfate, which contains aluminum, as well as other polyvalent cations such as iron and zinc.
The mechanism is chelation of quinolones by polyvalent cations, forming a complex that is poorly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract.
The bioavailability of ciprofloxacin has been reported to decrease by as much as 90% when administered with antacids containing aluminum or magnesium hydroxide.
When coadministration cannot be avoided, quinolone antibiotics should be dosed either 2 to 4 hours before or 4 to 6 hours after polyvalent cation-containing products to minimize the potential for interaction.
When coadministered with Suprep Bowel Prep (magnesium Please consult individual product labeling for specific recommendations. Moderate: aspirin, aspirin, ginkgoMinor: sulfamethoxazole / trimethoprimUnknown: amoxicillin, amoxicillin / clavulanate, Allergy , ciprofloxacin, loratadine, acetaminophen, clopidogrel, acetaminophen, valproic acid, multivitamin, thiamine, cyanocobalamin, pyridoxine, ascorbic acid, cholecalciferol, phytonadione Major: colitis, CNS disorders, myasthenia gravis, peripheral neuropathy, QT interval prolongation, tendonitisModerate: crystalluria, diabetes, hemodialysis, renal dysfunction Bioavailability of ofloxacin in the tablet formulation is approximately 98% 9 hours Exocin is mainly eliminated by renal excretion, where between 65% and 80% of an administered oral dose of ofloxacin is excreted unchanged via urine within 48 hours of dosing. About 4-8% of an ofloxacin dose is excreted in the feces and the drug is minimally subject to biliary excretion. Use in pregnancy: There are no adequate and well-controlled studies in pregnant women. This drug should be used during pregnancy only if the potential benefit justifies the potential risk to the fetus. Use in lactation: It is not known whether Exocin is excreted in human milk. Cautions should be taken when Exocin eye & ear drops is administered during lactation. It is contraindicated in patients who are hypersensitive to Exocin or any other component of Exocin (Eye/Ear Drops). Exocin tablet injection should not be used in-patients with known hypersensitivity to 4-fluoroquinolone antibacterials. It is contraindicated in-patients with a history of epilepsy or with a lowered seizure threshold. Exocin is usually contraindicated in children or growing adolescents and in pregnant or breast feeding women. Renal Impairment: Hepatic Impairment:Severe: Reduce dose. Max: 400 mg daily Symptoms: Confusion, dizziness, impairment of consciousness, convulsive seizures, GI reactions (e.g. nausea, mucosal erosions). Management: Symptomatic and supportive treatment. Remove any unabsorbed drug by gastric lavage or admin of adsorbants and Na sulfate. Antacids are recommended for protection of gastric mucosa. Elimination may be increased by forced diuresis. Store between 15-30° C. Protect from light.
Exocin
contains
Ofloxacin
see full prescribing information from innovator
Monograph,
MSDS,
FDA label
Exocin is used to treat certain infections including pneumonia, and infections of the skin, bladder, reproductive organs, and prostate.
Exocin can cause serious side effects, including tendon problems, side effects on your nerves, serious mood or behavior changes , or low blood sugar.
Exocin works by stopping the growth of bacteria.
Common side effects of Exocin are include:
Exocin is avoide during pregnancy because of concerns about cartilage toxicity.
Use of Exocin is acceptable in nursing mothers with monitoring of the infant for possible effects on the flora, such as diarrhea or candidiasis. Avoiding breastfeeding for 4 to 6 hours after a dose should decrease the exposure of the infant to Exocin in breastmilk.
It is generally safe to drink alcohol in moderation while taking Exocin.
Taking Exocin may make you feel sleepy, dizzy or could affect your eyesight. Do not drive or use machines until you know how this medicine affects you. Drinking alcohol may make these symptoms worse. Most people feel better within 48 to 72 hours and have minimal or no symptoms by 7 days
Exocin is also sometimes used to treat other types of infection, including Legionnaires' disease, certain sexually transmitted diseases, infections of the bones and joints and of the stomach and intestines.
Administered oral dose of Exocin is excreted unchanged via the kidneys within 48 hours of dosing.
Exocin may cause problems with bones, joints, and tissues around joints in children. Exocin should not be given to children younger than 18 years of age.
The severity of Exocin induced liver injury ranges from mild and transient serum enzyme elevations to self-limited jaundice to acute liver failure.
Fluoroquinolone antibiotics have rarely been associated with renal failure.
Medications like Exocin can sometimes affect blood glucose levels. Both hyperglycemia and, less frequently, hypoglycemia have been reported.
Exocin may cause damage to your aorta, which could lead to dangerous bleeding or death. Get emergency medical help if you have severe and constant pain in your chest, stomach, or back.
For patients with an abnormally slow heartbeat or low potassium levels in the blood, ofloxacin may increase your risk of having a fast, slow, or irregular heartbeat.
Exocin in well tolerated, and in comparison with other available fluoroquinolones is less likely to cause clinically relevant drug interactions.
Brand can causes insomnia also eith other side effects.
Exocin is also used to treat pelvic inflammatory disease and Chlamydia or gonorrhea.
Fluoroquinolones are known to cause thrombocytopenia, Exocin induced thrombocytopenia cases are reported rarely.
Exocin is best to take the doses at evenly spaced times, day and night. For example, if you are to take one dose a day, try to take it at the same time each day.
Take Exocin as soon as you can, but skip the missed dose if it is almost time for your next dose. Do not take two doses at one time.
Exocin may cause damage to your aorta, the main blood artery of the body. This could lead to dangerous bleeding or death. Get emergency medical help if you have severe and constant pain in your chest, stomach, or back.Drug Interaction
Disease Interaction
Elimination Route
Half Life
Elimination Route
Pregnancy & Breastfeeding use
Contraindication
Special Warning
Acute Overdose
Storage Condition
Innovators Monograph
FAQ
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