Flavospas D

Flavospas D Uses, Dosage, Side Effects, Food Interaction and all others data.

Flavoxate is a spasmolytic flavone derivative that acts by relaxing the smooth muscle in the urinary tract. Flavoxate is a competitive muscarinic receptor antagonist indicated for the treatment of overactive bladder with symptoms of urge urinary incontinence, urgency, and urinary frequency. Muscarinic receptors play an important role in several major cholin-ergically mediated functions, including contractions of urinary bladder smooth muscle and stimulation of salivary secretion.

Flavoxate acts as a direct antagonist at muscarinic acetylcholine receptors in cholinergically innervated organs. Its anticholinergic-parasympatholytic action reduces the tonus of smooth muscle in the bladder, effectively reducing the number of required voids, urge incontinence episodes, urge severity and improving retention, facilitating increased volume per void.

Ofloxacin is a synthetic 4-fluoroquinolone antibacterial agent with bactericidal activity against a wide range of Gram-negative and Gram-positive organisms. Ofloxacin is thought to exert bactericidal effect by inhibiting DNA gyrase, an essential enzyme that is a critical catalyst in the duplication, transcription and repair of bacterial DNA.

Ofloxacin is a quinolone/fluoroquinolone antibiotic. Ofloxacin is bactericidal and its mode of action depends on blocking of bacterial DNA replication by binding itself to an enzyme called DNA gyrase, which allows the untwisting required to replicate one DNA double helix into two. Notably the drug has 100 times higher affinity for bacterial DNA gyrase than for mammalian. Ofloxacin is a broad-spectrum antibiotic that is active against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria.

Flavospas D
Uses
Dosage
Side Effect
Precautions
Interactions
Uses during Pregnancy
Uses during Breastfeeding
Accute Overdose
Food Interaction
Half Life
Volume of Distribution
Clearance
Interaction With other Medicine
Contradiction
Storage

Trade Name	Flavospas D
Generic	Flavoxate + Ofloxacin
Weight	200mg
Type	Tablet
Therapeutic Class
Manufacturer	Torrent Pharmaceuticals Ltd
Available Country	India
Last Updated:	September 19, 2023 at 7:00 am

Uses

Flavoxate is used for symptomatic relief of dysuria, urgency, nocturia, suprapubic pain, frequency and incontinence as may occur in cystitis, prostatitis, urethritis and urethrocystitis.

Ofloxacin Eye: It is used for the treatment of external ocular infections such as acute & sub-acute conjunctivitis, keratitis, kerato-conjunctivitis, blepharo-conjunctivitis, blepharitis, corneal ulcer and pre-operative prophylaxis in ocular surgery.

Ofloxacin Ear: It is used for the treatment of external ear infections (otitis externa) and certain middle ear infections (otitis media).

Ofloxacin Oral/Injection are used for the treatment of adults with mild to moderate infections caused by susceptible strains.

Lower Respiratory Tract: Acute bacterial exacerbation of chronic bronchitis lung abscess, pneumonia.
Gastrointestinal Tract: Enteric fever, shigellosis.
Multi-drug-resistant Tuberculosis.
Skin and skin structures: Uncomplicated skin and skin structure infections.
Sexually Transmitted Diseases: Acute, Uncomplicated urethral and cervical gonorrhoea. Nongonococcal urethritis and cervicitis. Mixed infections of the urethra and cervix.
Urinary tract: Uncomplicated Urinary Tract Infections, Complicated urinary tract infections.

Flavospas D is also used to associated treatment for these conditions: Cystitis, Dysuria, Kidney Stones, Menstrual Distress (Dysmenorrhea), Neurogenic Bladder Dysfunction, Nocturia, Pelvic Floor Dysfunctions, Pelvic Pain, Prostatitis, Suprapubic pain, Urethritis, Urethrotrigonitis, Urinary Incontinence (UI), Urinary Tract Infection, Urinary Urgency, Uterine dyskinesia, Cystalgia, UrethrocystitisAcute Bacterial Exacerbation of Chronic Bronchitis (ABECB), Acute Otitis Media, Bacterial Infections, Cervicitis, Community Acquired Pneumonia (CAP), Complicated Urinary Tract Infection, Conjunctivitis, Epididymitis, Hansen's Disease, Nongonococcal urethritis, Otitis Externa, Prostatitis, Skin and Subcutaneous Tissue Bacterial Infections, Spontaneous Bacterial Peritonitis (SBP), Traveler's Diarrhea, Ulcerative keratitis, Acute Pelvic inflammatory disease, Acute, uncomplicated Gonorrhea, Chronic suppurative Otitis media, Uncomplicated Cystitis

How Flavospas D works

Ofloxacin acts on DNA gyrase and toposiomerase IV, enzymes which, like human topoisomerase, prevents the excessive supercoiling of DNA during replication or transcription. By inhibiting their function, the drug thereby inhibits normal cell division.

Dosage

Flavospas D dosage

Adults and children over 12 years of age: 100 mg to 200 mg 3 times a day. With improvement of symptoms, the dose may be reduced.

Pediatric Use: Safety and effectiveness in children below the age of 12 years have not been established.

Ofloxacin Eye: Instill 1 drop in the affected eye(s) every 2 to 4 hours for the first two days and then 4 times daily. The length of treatment should not exceed ten days.

Ofloxacin Ear: Instill 1-2 drops in the affected ear(s) twice daily or as needed.

Ofloxacin Intravenous (Adult):

Skin and soft tissue infections: 400 mg bid infused over at least 1 hr.
Complicated urinary tract infections: 200 mg daily by infusion over at least 30 min. Max: 400 mg bid infused over at least 1 hr.
Lower respiratory tract infections, Septicaemia: 200 mg bid by infusion over at least 30 min. Max: 400 mg bid infused over at least 1 hr.

Ofloxacin Oral (Adult):

General dosage recommendations: The dose of ofloxacin is determined by the type and severity of the infection. The dosage range for adults is 200 mg to 800 mg daily. Up to 400 mg may be given as a single dose, preferably in the morning, larger doses should be given as two divided doses. Ofloxacin tablets should be swallowed with liquid; they should not be taken within two hours of intake of magnesium/aluminium containing antacids or iron preparations since reduction of absorption of ofloxacin can occur.

Enteric fever: For adults 200 mg, every 12 hours, for 5 days. For children 15 mg/kg/day in 2 divided doses for 3 days.
Shigellosis: 400 mg single dose.
Multi-drug-resistant tuberculosis: 400 mg twice daily along with conventional anti-tuberculosis drugs.
Lower respiratory tract infection: 400 mg daily, increasing, if necessary, to 400 mg twice daily.
Uncomplicated Urinary Tract Infections: A single dose of 200/400 mg.
Uncomplicated urethral and cervical gonorrhoea: A single dose of 400 mg.
Non-gonococcal urethral and cervicitis: 400 mg daily in single or divided doses.
Complicated Urinary Tract Infection: 200/400 mg/day for 7 days.

Children: Ofloxacin is usually not indicated for use in children or growing adolescents.

Elderly: No adjustment of dosage is required in the elderly.

May be taken with or without food. Avoid antacids or supplements containing Fe or Zn within 2 hr before or after ofloxacin. Ensure adequate hydration.

Side Effects

Gastrointestinal: Nausea, vomiting, dry mouth.

CNS: Vertigo, headache, mental confusion, especially in the elderly, drowsiness, nervousness.

Hematologic: Leukopenia (which is reversible upon discontinuation of the drug).

Cardiovascular: Tachycardia and palpitation.

Allergic: Urticaria and other dermatoses, eosinophilia and hyperpyrexia.

Ophthalmic: Increased ocular tension, blurred vision, disturbance in eye accommodation.

Ofloxacin Eye: Transient ocular irritation, burning, stinging, redness, itching or photophobia have been reported.

Ofloxacin Ear: Mild irritation or mild discomfort in the ear may occur. Symptoms of an allergic reaction include rash, itching, swelling or trouble breathing.

Ofloxacin tablet or injection is generally well tolerated and clinical side-effects of ofloxacin has been quite low. Among the adverse effects gastrointestinal and central nervous systems' reactions are common. Nausea, rash, vomiting, abdominal pain, diarrhoea and gastrointestinal distress are the gastrointestinal adverse effects. Common central nervous system reactions are headache, dizziness and insomnia.

Toxicity

The oral LD50 for flavoxate HCl in rats is 4273 mg/kg. The oral LD50 for flavoxate HCl in mice is 1837 mg/kg. Symptoms of overdose include convulsions, decreased ability to sweat, (warm, red skin, dry mouth, and increased body temperature), hallucinations, increased heart rate and blood pressure, and mental confusion.

LD₅₀=5450 mg/kg (orally in mice)

Precaution

Flavoxate should be given cautiously in patients with suspected glaucoma

Patients being treated with Ofloxacin should not expose themselves unnecessarily to strong sunlight and should avoid UV rays. Caution is recommended if the drug is to be used in psychotic patients or in-patients with a history of psychiatric disease.

Prolonged use of eye drops & ear drops may result in overgrowth of non-susceptible organisms and secondary infection respectively.

Interaction

Antacids containing magnesium, aluminium or calcium may decrease absorption of ofloxacin. Iron or Zinc may decrease oral absorption of ofloxacin.

Elimination Route

Well absorbed from gastrointestinal tract.

Bioavailability of ofloxacin in the tablet formulation is approximately 98%

Half Life

9 hours

Elimination Route

57% of the flavoxate HCl was excreted in the urine within 24 hours.

Ofloxacin is mainly eliminated by renal excretion, where between 65% and 80% of an administered oral dose of ofloxacin is excreted unchanged via urine within 48 hours of dosing. About 4-8% of an ofloxacin dose is excreted in the feces and the drug is minimally subject to biliary excretion.

Pregnancy & Breastfeeding use

Pregnancy: Pregnancy Category B. This drug should be used during pregnancy only if clearly needed.

Nursing Mothers: It is not known whether this drug is excreted in human milk. Caution should be exercised when flavoxate is administered to a nursing woman.

Use in pregnancy: There are no adequate and well-controlled studies in pregnant women. This drug should be used during pregnancy only if the potential benefit justifies the potential risk to the fetus.

Use in lactation: It is not known whether Ofloxacin is excreted in human milk. Cautions should be taken when Ofloxacin eye & ear drops is administered during lactation.

Contraindication

Flavoxate is contraindicated in patients who have any of the following obstructive conditions: pyloric or duodenal obstruction, obstructive intestinal lesions or ileus, achalasia, gastrointestinal hemorrhage and obstructive uropathies of the lower urinary tract.

It is contraindicated in patients who are hypersensitive to Ofloxacin or any other component of Ofloxacin (Eye/Ear Drops).

Ofloxacin tablet injection should not be used in-patients with known hypersensitivity to 4-fluoroquinolone antibacterials. It is contraindicated in-patients with a history of epilepsy or with a lowered seizure threshold. Ofloxacin is usually contraindicated in children or growing adolescents and in pregnant or breast feeding women.

Special Warning

Renal Impairment:

CrCl <20 and patients on haemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis: 100 mg 24 hrly following usual initial dose.
CrCl 20-50: Reduce dose by half 24 hrly following usual initial dose.

Hepatic Impairment:Severe: Reduce dose. Max: 400 mg daily

Acute Overdose

Symptoms: Confusion, dizziness, impairment of consciousness, convulsive seizures, GI reactions (e.g. nausea, mucosal erosions).

Management: Symptomatic and supportive treatment. Remove any unabsorbed drug by gastric lavage or admin of adsorbants and Na sulfate. Antacids are recommended for protection of gastric mucosa. Elimination may be increased by forced diuresis.