Gadobutrol

Gadobutrol Uses, Dosage, Side Effects, Food Interaction and all others data.

Intravenous gadobutrol is a second-generation extracellular non-ionic macrocyclic GBCA (gadolinium-based contrast agent) used in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in adults and children older than 2 years of age. It may help visualize and detect vascular abnormalities in the blood brain barrier (BBB) and central nervous system (CNS).

In patients with impaired renal function, gadolinium based contrast agents increase the risk of nephrogenic systemic fibrosis (NSF). A physician should be contacted if symptoms of NSF are encountered, such as dark or red patches on the skin; stiffness in joints; trouble moving, bending or straightening arms, hands, legs or feet; burning, itching, swelling, scaling, hardening and tightening of skin; pain in hip bones or ribs; or muscle weakness.

Common adverse reactions that may be experienced include headache, nausea, feeling hot, abnormal taste, and warmth, burning or pain local to the injection site.

Gadobutrol
Uses
Dosage
Side Effect
Precautions
Interactions
Uses during Pregnancy
Uses during Breastfeeding
Accute Overdose
Food Interaction
Half Life
Volume of Distribution
Clearance
Interaction With other Medicine
Contradiction
Storage

Trade Name	Gadobutrol
Availability	Prescription only
Generic	Gadobutrol
Gadobutrol Other Names	Gadobutrol
Related Drugs	glucagon, mannitol, Tubersol, arginine, inulin, Dotarem, Magnevist, Gadavist, Clariscan
Weight	604.72mg/ml,
Type	Intravenous Solution, Intravenous
Formula	C₁₈H₃₁GdN₄O₉
Weight	Average: 604.72 Monoisotopic: 605.13321
Protein binding	No particular protein binding is displayed.
Groups	Approved
Therapeutic Class
Manufacturer
Available Country	United States
Last Updated:	September 19, 2023 at 7:00 am

Uses

Gadobutrol is a contrast agent used during diagnostic procedures to visualize disrupted areas of blood brain barrier (BBB) and/or abnormal vascularity of the central nervous system.

For diagnostic use only. Indicated for adults and children age 2 and over for contrast enhancement during cranial and spinal MRI, and for contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance angiography (CE-MRA). Gadobutrol is particularly suited for the detection of very small lesions and for the visualization of tumors that do not readily take up contrast media. It may be a desired agent when the exclusion or demonstration of an additional pathology may influence the choice of therapy or patient management. It may also be suitable for perfusion studies in the diagnosis of stroke, detection of focal cerebral ischemia, and in studies of tumor perfusion.

Gadobutrol is also used to associated treatment for these conditions: Anatomic renal artery stenosis, CNS abnormal vascularity, Supravalvular Aortic Stenosis, Malignant breast disease

How Gadobutrol works

MRI tissue visualization is dependent, in part, on variations in intensity of radiofrequency signals which occur due to differences in proton density, differences of the spin-lattice or longitudinal relaxation times (T1), and differences in the spin-spin or transverse relaxation times (T2).

Gadolinium shortens T1 and T2 relaxation times. Greater signal enhancement is achieved with increased shortening of T1 and T2. The extent to which Gadolinium can shorten T1 and T2 is influenced by concentration in tissue, MRI field strength, and the relative ratio of transverse and longitudinal relaxation times.

The recommended dose produced the greatest sensitivity of T1 shortening effect in T1-weighted magnetic resonance sequences. In T2-weighted sequences, the large magnetic moment of gadolinium induced local magnetic field inhomogenenities.

At high concentrations used during bolus injections, T2-weighted sequences show a signal decrease.

Toxicity

Lethality was observed in rodents after a single intravenous administration of 20 mmol/kg. This represents a dose of at least 2 orders of magnitude higher than the standard single diagnostic dose in humans (0.1 mmol/kg).

No carcinogenicity studies have been conducted.

No mutagenesis was observed in vitro in reverse mutation tests in bacteria, or in the HGPRT (hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyl transferase) test using Chinese hamster V79 cells. Similarly, no mutagenesis was seen in chromosome abberation tests of human peripheral blood lymphocytes. It was also negative in in-vivo micronucleus tests in mice following a 0.5mmol/kg intravenous injection.

No fertility or reproductive impairment was observed in male and female rates given doses 12.2 times human equivalent doses, based on body surface area.

Intolerance reactions local to the injection site have been observed in rabbits after paravenous administration, and are associated with the infiltration of inflammatory cells, suggesting the possibility of local irritation if the contrast medium leaks around veins in a clinical setting.

Food Interaction

Take with or without food.

Gadobutrol Hypertension interaction

[Major] Gadolinium-based contrast agents (GBCAs) increase the risk for nephrogenic systemic fibrosis (NSF) among patients with impaired elimination of the drugs.

Gadobenate ion is eliminated predominately via the kidneys.

The risk for NSF appears highest among patients with chronic, severe kidney disease (GFR

60 years, hypertension or diabetes), estimate the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) through laboratory testing.

For patients receiving hemodialysis, physicians may consider the prompt initiation of hemodialysis following the administration of a GBCA to enhance the contrast agent's elimination.

The usefulness of hemodialysis in the prevention of NSF is unknown.

Gadobutrol Disease Interaction

Major: nephrogenic systemic fibrosis, renal impairmentModerate: asthma, visualization

Volume of Distribution

Rapid distribution to extracellular space occurs after intravenous administration.

After a dose of 0.1mmol/kg body weight, an average plasma level of 0.59 mmol/L was measured 2 minutes post injection, and 0.3mmol/L 60 minutes post injection.

Elimination Route

With normal renal function, the AUC is 1.1 ± 0.1 mmol·h/L.

Half Life

1.81 hours (1.33-2.13 hours).

Clearance

In healthy subjects, renal clearance is 1.1 - 1.7mL/(min·kg). Within 2 hours of intravenous injection more than 50% is eliminated via the urine. Within 12 hours more than 90% of the given dose is eliminated.

Clearance was observed to be slightly lower in elderly subjects, when using a 0.1mmol/kg dose.

In the pediatric population, the median AUC, clearance and elimination half life was observed to be similar across the age range of 2-17, based on a population pharmacokinetic analysis of 130 pediatric subjects aged 2-17. In children aged 2-6 (n=45) the median AUC of gadobutrol was 0.8 mmol·h/L, the median clearance was 0.13L/hr/kg, and the median elimination half life was 1.75h. In children aged 7-11 (n=39) the median AUC of gadobutrol was 1.0 mmol·h/L, the median clearance was 0.1L/hr/kg, and the median elimination half life was 1.61h. In children aged 12-17 (n=46) the median AUC of gadobutrol was 1.2 mmol·h/L, the median clearance was 0.09 L/hr/kg, and the median elimination half life was 1.65h. Approximately 99% (median value) of the dose was recovered in the urine after 6 hours.

A prolonged serum half life of gadobutrol is correlated with a reduction in creatinine clearance. In patients with mild-moderate renal impairment (80>CLCR>30 mL/min) the elimination half life was 5.8 ± 2.4 hours, the AUC was 4.0 ± 1.8 mmol·h/L, and complete recovery from the urine is seen within 72 hours. In patients with severe renal impairment (CLCR<30 mL/min) the elimination half life was 17.6 ± 6.2 hours, the AUC was 11.5 ± 4.3 mmol·h/L, and complete recovery from the urine is seen within 5 days.
Physicians may consider the prompt initiation of hemodialysis following gadobutrol administration to aid elimination, in patients who are already receiving hemodialysis. After one dialysis session 68% of the initial dose is removed, after the second session 94%, and after the third session 98%.