Gatifloxacin
Gatifloxacin Uses, Dosage, Side Effects, Food Interaction and all others data.
Gatifloxacin is a fluoroquinolone antibacterial which acts by inhibiting DNA synthesis in susceptible organisms via inhibition of both DNA gyrase (essential for bacterial reproduction) and topoisomerase IV (essential during bacterial cell division).
Gatifloxacin is a synthetic broad-spectrum 8-methoxyfluoroquinolone antibacterial agent for oral or intravenous administration. is bactericidal and its mode of action depends on blocking of bacterial DNA replication by binding itself to an enzyme called DNA gyrase, which allows the untwisting required to replicate one DNA double helix into two. Notably the drug has 100 times higher affinity for bacterial DNA gyrase than for mammalian. Gatifloxacin is a broad-spectrum antibiotic that is active against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. It should be used only to treat or prevent infections that are proven or strongly suspected to be caused by bacteria.
| Trade Name | Gatifloxacin |
| Availability | Discontinued |
| Generic | Gatifloxacin |
| Gatifloxacin Other Names | Gatifloxacin, Gatifloxacine, Gatifloxacino, Gatifloxacinum |
| Related Drugs | amoxicillin, prednisone, doxycycline, ciprofloxacin, cephalexin, metronidazole, azithromycin, clindamycin, ceftriaxone, levofloxacin |
| Weight | 0.5% |
| Type | Ophthalmic solution |
| Formula | C19H22FN3O4 |
| Weight | Average: 375.3941 Monoisotopic: 375.159434412 |
| Protein binding | 20% |
| Groups | Approved, Investigational |
| Therapeutic Class | Antibacterial drugs |
| Manufacturer | |
| Available Country | United States |
| Last Updated: | September 19, 2023 at 7:00 am |
Uses
Gatifloxacin is used for the following infections:
- Acute bacterial exacerbation of chronic bronchitis due to Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, Haemophilus parainfluenzae, Moraxella catarrhalis, or Staphylococcus aureus.
- Acute sinusitis due to Streptococcus pneumoniae or Haemophilus influenzae.
- Community-acquired pneumonia due to Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, Haemophilus parainfluenzae, Moraxella catarrhalis, Staphylococcus aureus, Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Chlamydia pneumoniae, or Legionella pneumophila.
- Uncomplicated skin and skin structure infections (i.e., simple abscesses, furuncles, folliculitis, wound infections, and cellulitis) due to Staphylococcus aureus or Streptococcus pyogenes.
- Uncomplicated urinary tract infections due to Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, or Proteus mirabilis.
- Complicated urinary tract infections due to Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, or Proteus mirabilis.
- Pyelonephritis due to Escherichia coli.
- Uncomplicated urethral and cervical gonorrhea due to Neisseria gonorrhoeae.
- Acute, uncomplicated rectal infections in women due to Neisseria gonorrhoeae.
Gatifloxacin is also used to associated treatment for these conditions: Bacterial Conjunctivitis, Ocular Infections, Irritations and Inflammations
How Gatifloxacin works
The bactericidal action of Gatifloxacin results from inhibition of the enzymes topoisomerase II (DNA gyrase) and topoisomerase IV, which are required for bacterial DNA replication, transcription, repair, and recombination.
Dosage
Gatifloxacin dosage
Acute Bacterial Exacerbation of Chronic Bronchitis: 400 mg 5 days
Acute Sinusitis: 400 mg 10 days
Community-acquired Pneumonia: 400 mg 7-14 days
Uncomplicated Skin and Skin Structure Infections: 400 mg 7-10 days
Uncomplicated Urinary Tract Infections: 400 mg Single Dose or 200 mg 3 days
Complicated Urinary Tract Infections: 400 mg 7-10 days
Acute Pyelonephritis: 400 mg 7-10 days
Uncomplicated Urethral Gonnorrhea in Men: 400 mg Single dose
Gatifloxacin can be administered without regard to food.
Side Effects
Gatifloxacin is generally well tolerated. The most common side effects that can occur while taking this drug are usually mild and include nausea, vomiting, stomach pain, diarrhea, dizziness,and headache .
Precaution
Gatifloxacin should be administered with caution in the presence of renal insufficiency.
Food Interaction
- Drink plenty of fluids.
- Take with or without food. The absorption is unaffected by food.
[Minor] Concurrent ingestion of calcium-fortified foods (i.e., cereal, orange juice) may alter the bioavailability of gatifloxacin.
The mechanism is chelation of calcium and the quinolone, resulting in decreased bioavailability.
In the case of orange juice, inhibition of intestinal transport mechanisms (P-glycoprotein or organic anion-transporting polypeptides) by flavones may also be involved.
Data have been conflicting: One study has reported no effect with milk coadministration.
Another study reported a modest decrease in gatifloxacin bioavailability (13.5% decrease in Cmax,12% decrease in AUC, 15% increase in total clearance) when taken with 12 ounces of calcium-fortified orange juice instead of water, which could be clinically significant if the infecting organisms have borderline susceptibilities.
The manufacturer states that gatifloxacin may be taken without regard to food, milk, or calcium.
Clinicians should be aware of the possibility of an interaction if subtherapeutic effects are observed.
Gatifloxacin multivitamins interaction
[Moderate] ADJUST DOSING INTERVAL: Oral preparations that contain magnesium, aluminum, or calcium may significantly decrease the gastrointestinal absorption of quinolone antibiotics.
Absorption may also be reduced by sucralfate, which contains aluminum, as well as other polyvalent cations such as iron and zinc.
The mechanism is chelation of quinolones by polyvalent cations, forming a complex that is poorly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract.
The bioavailability of ciprofloxacin has been reported to decrease by as much as 90% when administered with antacids containing aluminum or magnesium hydroxide.
When coadministration cannot be avoided, quinolone antibiotics should be dosed either 2 to 4 hours before or 4 to 6 hours after polyvalent cation-containing products to minimize the potential for interaction.
When coadministered with Suprep Bowel Prep (magnesium Please consult individual product labeling for specific recommendations.
Gatifloxacin Drug Interaction
Major: dofetilide, dofetilideModerate: lactobacillus acidophilus, lactobacillus acidophilusMinor: sulfamethoxazole / trimethoprim, sulfamethoxazole / trimethoprimUnknown: dapsone topical, dapsone topical, amphetamine, amphetamine, trifarotene topical, trifarotene topical, fexofenadine, fexofenadine, brimonidine ophthalmic, brimonidine ophthalmic, retapamulin topical, retapamulin topical, meperidine, meperidine
Gatifloxacin Disease Interaction
Major: colitis, dysglycemia, CNS disorders, myasthenia gravis, peripheral neuropathy, QT interval prolongation, tendonitisModerate: crystalluria, hemodialysis
Elimination Route
Well absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract after oral administration with absolute bioavailability of gatifloxacin is 96%
Half Life
7-14 hours
Pregnancy & Breastfeeding use
Pregnancy: Gatifloxacin should be used during pregnancy only if the potential benefit outweighs the potential risk to the fetus.
Lactation: It is not known whether Gatifloxacin is excreted in human milk. Because many drugs are excreted in human milk, caution should be exercised when gatifloxacin is administered to a nursing woman.
Contraindication
Gatifloxacin is contraindicated in patients with a history of hypersensitivity of Gatifloxacin, quinolone antimicrobial agents, or any other components of this product.
Special Warning
Renal Impaired patient:
- Creatinine Clearance 40 mL/min: 400 mg every day.
- Creatinine Clearance < 40 mL/min: 400 mg 200 mg every day.
Dialysis patients:
- Hemodialysis: 400 mg 200 mg every day.
- Continuous peritoneal dialysis: 400 mg 200 mg every day.
Pediatric use: The safety and effectiveness of Gatifloxacinacin in pediatric populations (<18 years of age) have not been established.
Acute Overdose
Gatifloxacin exhibits a low potential for acute toxicity in animal studies. In the event of acute oral overdose, the stomach should be emptied by inducing vomiting or by gastric lavage. The patient should be carefully observed (including ECG monitoring) and given symptomatic and supportive treatment. Adequate hydration should be maintained.
Innovators Monograph
You find simplified version here Gatifloxacin
FAQ
What is Gatifloxacin used for?
Gatifloxacin eye drops are used to treat infections of the eye, such as bacterial conjunctivitis. Gatifloxacin is an antibiotic of the fourth-generation fluoroquinolone family, that like other members of that family, inhibits the bacterial enzymes DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV.
Is Gatifloxacin eye drops safe?
Gatifloxacin eye drops may cause side effects. Tell your doctor if any of these symptoms are severe or do not go away: red, irritated, itchy, or teary eyes. blurred vision.
How does Gatifloxacin work?
Gatifloxacin works by killing bacteria that cause conjunctivitis.
What are the common side effects of Gatifloxacin?
Common side effects of Gatifloxacin are include:
- mild eye irritation after using the medicine;
- blurred vision;
- eye redness;
- red, puffy, or droopy eyelids;
- dry or watery eyes;
- feeling like something is in your eye;
- headache; or.
- skin itching or rash.
Is Gatifloxacin safe during pregnancy?
Animal studies have revealed evidence of maternal toxicity, decreased fetal and placental weight, and delayed fetal skeletal ossification. There are no controlled data in human pregnancies.
Is Gatifloxacin safe during breastfeeding?
Use of Gatifloxacin is acceptable in nursing mothers with monitoring of the infant for possible effects on the gastrointestinal flora, such as diarrhea or candidiasi. However, it is preferable to use an alternate drug for which safety information is available.
Can I drive after taking Gatifloxacin?
Gatifloxacin can cause dizziness, blurring of your vision for a short time. Be cautious, and do not drive until you feel well.
When should be taken of Gatifloxacin?
It is usually instilled every 2 hours while awake for 2 days, and then two to four times a day for 5 days. Instill Gatifloxacin eye drops at around the same times every day.
Who should not take Gatifloxacin?
Follow all directions on your medicine label and package. Tell each of your healthcare providers about all your medical conditions, allergies, and all medicines you use.
What happens if I miss a dose?
Use the missed dose as soon as you remember. Skip the missed dose if it is almost time for your next scheduled dose. Do not use extra medicine to make up the missed dose.
What happens if I overdose of Gatifloxacin?
An overdose of Gatifloxacin ophthalmic is not expected to be dangerous. Seek emergency medical attention if anyone has accidentally swallowed the medication.
Can I take Gatifloxacin for long term?
Use of this medication for prolonged or repeated periods may result in a new fungal eye infection. Do not use this medication for longer than prescribed.
Can I drink alcohol with Gatifloxacin?
It's generally safe to drink alcohol in moderation while taking Gatifloxacin.
How should I take Gatifloxacin ?
Take Gatifloxacin exactly as it was prescribed for you. Do not take it in larger doses or for longer than recommended by your doctor. Take each dose with a full glass (8 ounces) of water. Drink plenty of fluid while taking Gatifloxacin. Take each dose at the same time every day. You may take Gatifloxacin with or without food.
