Гиаферон

Uses

Interferon alfa-2b is a form of recombinant human interferon used to treat hepatitis B and C infection, genital warts, hairy cell leukemia, follicular lymphoma, malignant melanoma, and AIDs-related Kaposi's sarcoma.

For the treatment of hairy cell leukemia, malignant melanoma, and AIDS-related Kaposi's sarcoma.

Sodium Hyaluronate is used for the treatment of pain in osteoarthritis (OA) of the knee in patients who have failed to respond adequately to conservative nonpharmacologic therapy, and to simple analgesics, e.g., acetaminophen.

Sodium Hyaluronate is a viscous solution consisting of a high molecular weight fraction of purified natural sodium hyaluronate in buffered physiological sodium phosphate. It has a pH of 5.5-7.0. Hyaluronic acid is an important component of the body's extracellular matrix and is present in a particularly high concentration in cartilage and synovial fluid. Endogenous hyaluronic acid provides viscosity and elasticity to synovial fluid, which is fundamental for its lubricating and shock absorbing properties. It is essential for the correct structure of proteoglycans in articular cartilage. In osteoarthritis there is an insufficient amount of and a chance in the quality of hyaluronic acid in synovial fluid and cartilage. The intra-articular administration of hyaluronic acid into arthritic joints with degenerating cartilage surfaces and pathologically altered synovial fluid improved functions.

Гиаферон is also used to associated treatment for these conditions: Chronic Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) Infection, Hairy Cell Leukemia (HCL), Kaposi’s sarcoma, Melanoma, Malignant

How Гиаферон works

Interferon alpha binds to type I interferon receptors (IFNAR1 and IFNAR2c) which upon dimerization activate two Jak (Janus kinase) tyrosine kinases (Jak1 and Tyk2). These transphosphorylate themselves and phosphorylate the receptors. The phosphorylated INFAR receptors then bind to Stat1 and Stat2 (signal transducers and activators of transcription)which dimerize and activate multiple (~100) immunomodulatory and antiviral proteins. Interferon alpha binds less stably to type I interferon receptors than interferon beta.

Dosage

Гиаферон dosage

Sodium Hyaluronate is administered by intra-articular injection. A treatment cycle consists of five injections given at weekly intervals. Some patients may experience benefit with three injections given at weekly intervals. Inject the full 2 ml in one knee only. If treatment is bilateral, a separate injection should be used for each knee.

Side Effects

The common side-effects include gastrointestinal complaints, injection site pain, knee swelling/effusion, local skin reactions (rash, ecchymosis), pruritus, and headache.

Toxicity

There is limited experience with overdosage. Postmarketing surveillance includes reports of patients receiving a single dose as great as 10 times the recommended dose. In general, the primary effects of an overdose are consistent with the effects seen with therapeutic doses of interferon alfa-2b. Hepatic enzyme abnormalities, renal failure, hemorrhage, and myocardial infarction have been reported with single administration overdoses and/or with longer durations of treatment than prescribed. Toxic effects after ingestion of interferon alfa-2b are not expected because interferons are poorly absorbed orally.

Precaution

Use caution when injecting Sodium Hyaluronate into patients who are allergic to avian proteins, feathers, and egg products. Strict aseptic administration technique must be followed. Remove joint effusion, if present, before injecting Sodium Hyaluronate. Do not use the same syringe for removing joint effusion and for injecting Sodium Hyaluronate. It is recommended that the patient avoid any strenuous activities or prolonged (i.e., more than 1 hour) weight-bearing activities such as jogging or tennis within 48 hours following the intra-articular injection.

Elimination Route

Absorption is high (greater than 80%) when administered intramuscularly or subcutaneously.

Half Life

The elimination half-life following both intramuscular and subcutaneous injections was approximately 2 to 3 hours. The elimination half-life was approximately 2 hours following intravenous injection.

Pregnancy & Breastfeeding use

The safety and effectiveness of Sodium Hyaluronate have not been established in pregnant women. It is not known if Sodium Hyaluronate is excreted in human milk. The safety and effectiveness of Sodium Hyaluronate have not been established in lactating mother. The safety and effectiveness of Sodium Hyaluronate have not been demonstrated in children.

Contraindication

The drug is contraindicated in patients with known hypersensitivity to hyaluronate preparations. Intra-articular injections are contraindicated in cases of past and present infections or skin diseases in the area of the injection site.

Acute Overdose

No case of over dosage has been reported to date.

Storage Condition

Hyronate injection should be stored in a cool (below 25° C) and dry place and protected from light. Protect from freezing.

Innovators Monograph

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