Giran

Giran Uses, Dosage, Side Effects, Food Interaction and all others data.

Giran competitively blocks histamine at H2-receptors of the gastric parietal cells which inhibits gastric acid secretion. It does not affect pepsin secretion, pentagastrin-stimulated intrinsic factor secretion or serum gastrin.

Giran decreases the secretion of gastric acid stimulated by food and drugs. It also reduces the secretion of gastric acid in hypersecretory conditions such as Zollinger-Ellison syndrome. Marked improvements in the appearance of the esophageal tissues have been observed by endoscopic imaging after ranitidine therapy.

Trade Name Giran
Availability Discontinued
Generic Ranitidine
Ranitidine Other Names Ranitidina, Ranitidine, Ranitidinum
Related Drugs omeprazole, famotidine, pantoprazole, ciprofloxacin, metronidazole, clindamycin, ceftriaxone, Nexium, Pepcid, Protonix
Weight 8mg, 16mg
Type Tablet
Formula C13H22N4O3S
Weight Average: 314.4
Monoisotopic: 314.141261758
Protein binding

The plasma protein binding of ranitidine is approximately 15%.

Groups Approved, Withdrawn
Therapeutic Class H2 receptor antagonist
Manufacturer Astrazeneca Pharma India Ltd, Aristopharma Ltd
Available Country India, Bangladesh
Last Updated: September 19, 2023 at 7:00 am
Giran
Giran

Uses

Giran is used for:

  • Treatment of active duodenal ulcer
  • Benign gastric ulcer
  • Treatment & prevention of ulcer associated with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent
  • Post operative stress ulcer.
  • Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome.
  • Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD).
  • Gastro-intestinal haemorrhage from stress ulcer in seriously ill patient.
  • Recurrent haemorrhage in patients with bleeding peptic ulcer.
  • Before general anesthesia in patient considered to be at risk of acid aspiration particulary obstetric patients.

Giran is also used to associated treatment for these conditions: Acid Aspiration Syndrome, Ankylosing Spondylitis (AS), Duodenal Ulcer, Erosive Esophagitis, Gastric Ulcer, Gastric hypersecretion, Gastro-esophageal Reflux Disease (GERD), Healing, Heartburn, Osteoarthritis (OA), Peptic Ulcer Disease, Rheumatoid Arthritis, Stress Ulcers, Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome, Active duodenal ulcers, Benign gastric ulcer healing, Benign gastric ulcers, Duodenal ulcer healing, Post-operative peptic ulcer, Recurrent hemorrhage from bleeding ulcers

How Giran works

After a meal, the hormone gastrin, produced by cells in the lining of the stomach, stimulates the release of histamine, which then binds to histamine H2 receptors, leading to the secretion of gastric acid. Giran reduces the secretion of gastric acid by reversible binding to histamine (H2) receptors, which are found on gastric parietal cells. This process leads to the inhibition of histamine binding to this receptor, causing the reduction of gastric acid secretion. The relief of gastric-acid related symptoms can occur as soon as 60 minutes after administration of a single dose, and the effects can last from 4-10 hours, providing fast and effective symptomatic relief.

Dosage

Giran dosage

Giran Tablet & Syrup:

Duodenal and gastric ulcer: The usual dosage is 150 mg twice daily taken in the morning and evening or 300 mg as a single daily dose at night for 4 to 8 weeks.

Reflux oesophagitis: 150 mg twice daily or 300 mg at bed time for up to 8 weeks.

Zollinger Ellison syndrome: 150 mg 3 times daily and increased if necessary up to 6 g daily in divided doses. Dosage should be continued as long as clinically indicated.

Episodic dyspepsia: 150 mg twice daily or 300 mg at bed time for up to 6 weeks.

Maintenance: 150 mg at night for preventing recurrences.

Child (peptic ulcer)

Giran IV injection & IV Infusion:

Giran injection may be given either as a slow (over a period of at least two minutes) intravenous injection of 50 mg, after dilution to a volume of 20 ml per 50 mg dose, which may be repeated every six to eight hours; or as an intermittent intravenous infusion at a rate of 25 mg per hour for two hours; the infusion may be repeated at six to eight hour intervals; or as an intramuscular injection of 50 mg (2 ml) every six to eight hours. In the prophylaxis of haemorrhage from stress ulceration in seriously ill patients or the prophylaxis of recurrent haemorrhage in patients bleeding from peptic ulceration, parenteral administration may be continued until oral feeding commences.: 2-4 mg/kg twice daily, maximum 300 mg daily.

In the prophylaxis of upper gastrointestinal haemorrhage from stress ulceration in seriously ill patient sapriming dose of 50 mg as low as intravenous injection followed by a continuous intravenous infusion of 0.125-0.250 mg/kg/hour may be preferred. In patients considered to be at risk of developing aspiration syndrome Giran injection 50 mg may be given intramuscularly or by slow intravenous injection 45 to 60 minutes before induction of general anaesthesia.

Children: The recommended oral dose for the treatment of peptic ulcer in children is 2 mg/kg to 4 mg/kg twice daily to a maximum of 300 mg ranitidine per day. Safety and effectiveness of Giran injection have not been established in case of children.

Reconstitutions

Slow IV inj: Giran 50 mg diluted to a concentration ≤2.5 mg/mL (e.g. total of 20 mL) with NaCl 0.9% inj or dextrose 5% or 10%, lactated Ringer's, Na bicarbonate 5% soln.

Intermittent slow IV infusion: Giran 50 mg diluted to a concentration ≤0.5 mg/mL (e.g. total of 100 mL) of dextrose 5% inj or NaCl 0.9%, lactated Ringer's, Na bicarbonate 5% soln.

Continuous IV infusion: Giran 150 mg diluted in 250 mL of dextrose 5% inj or NaCl 0.9%, lactated Ringer's, Na bicarbonate 5% soln.

Patients with Zollinger-Ellison syndrome or other hypersecretory conditions: Giran should be diluted to a concentration ≤2.5 mg/mL with dextrose 5% or NaCl 0.9%, lactated Ringer's, Na bicarbonate 5% soln.

Side Effects

Giran is well tolerated and side effects are usually uncommon. Altered bowel habit, dizziness, rash, tiredness, reversible confusional states, headache, decreased blood counts, muscle or joint pain have rarely been reported.

Toxicity

Oral doses of 1,000 mg/kg in mice and rats were not found to be lethal. Intravenous LD50 values in mice and rats were 77 and 83 mg/kg, respectively.

Overdose information

There has been limited experience with ranitidine overdose. Reported acute ingestions of up to 18 grams orally were followed by temporary adverse effects similar to the normal adverse effects of this drug, including tachycardia, bradycardia, dizziness, diarrhea, nausea, and vomiting, among other effects. Gait abnormalities and hypotension have also been observed. When an overdose with ranitidine is suspected, remove unabsorbed ranitidine from the gastrointestinal tract if possible, and monitor the patient and provide supportive therapy as required.

Precaution

Giran should be given in reduced dosage to patients with impaired renal and hepatic function.

Interaction

Delayed absorption and increased peak serum concentration with propantheline bromide. Giran minimally inhibits hepatic metabolism of coumarin anticoagulants, theophylline, diazepam and propanolol. May alter absorption of pH-dependent drugs (e.g. ketoconazole, midazolam, glipizide). May reduce bioavailability with antacids.

Food Interaction

  • Take with or without food. The absorption is unaffected by food.

Volume of Distribution

The volume of distribution is higher than body volume, and measures at approximately 1.4 L/kg. It concentrates in breast milk, but does not readily distribute into the cerebrospinal fluid.

Elimination Route

Giran is rapidly absorbed with peak concentrations reached within 1-3 hours after administration, and varying greatly among patients. Bioavailability is about 50%-60% due to hepatic metabolism. In a pharmacokinetic study of healthy males, the AUC 0-infinity was about 2,488.6 ng x h/mL and the median Tmax was 2.83 hours. Food or antacids have limited effects on absorption. One clinical study found that the administration of a potent antacid (150 mmol) in subjects in the fasted state led to decreased absorption of ranitidine.

Half Life

The elimination half-life or ranitidine is about 2.5-3 hours. It may be longer after oral administration versus injection. The plasma half-life is longer for elderly patients population due to a decrease in renal function, and is measured at 3-4 hours.

Clearance

Renal clearance is about 410 mL/min according to FDA prescribing information. Another resource mentions a plasma clearance of approximately 600 ml/min. Clearance is decreased in the elderly and those with impaired or hepatic renal function. It is recommended to decrease the dose of ranitidine by one-half in patients with renal impairment.

Elimination Route

This drug is mainly excreted in the urine but also excreted in the feces. About 30% of a single oral dose has been measured in the urine as unchanged drug within 24 hours of ingestion.

Pregnancy & Breastfeeding use

Pregnancy: Giran crosses the placenta. But there is no evidence of impaired fertility or harm to the foetus due to Giran. Like other drugs, Giran should only be used during pregnancy if considered essential.

Lactation: Giran is excreted in human breast milk. Caution should be exercised when the drug is administered to a nursing mother.

Contraindication

Patients hypersensitive to Giran

Special Warning

Use in elderly patients: In clinical trial the ulcer healing rates have been found similar in patients age 65 and over with those in younger patients. Additionally, there was no difference in the incidence of adverse effects.

Acute Overdose

Giran is very specific in action and accordingly no particular problems are expected following overdosage with the drug. Symptomatic and supportive therapy should be given as appropriate. If required, the drug may be removed from the plasma by haemodiaiysis.

Storage Condition

Store in a cool and dry place. protect from light.

Innovators Monograph

You find simplified version here Giran

Giran contains Ranitidine see full prescribing information from innovator Giran Monograph, Giran MSDS, Giran FDA label

FAQ

What is Giran used for?

Giran used for indigestion, heartburn and acid reflux, gastro-oesophageal reflux disease and to prevent and treat stomach ulcers.Giran is a medicine that reduces the amount of acid your stomach makes.

How safe is Giran?

Recent lab testing for determining the safety of Giran has shown unsafe amounts of a cancerous chemical called NDMA in certain ranitidine products.FDA is not recommending individuals stop taking all Giran medicines at this time. Consumers taking OTC Giran could consider using other OTC products approved for their condition.

How does Giran work?

Giran works by reducing the amount of acid in your stomach. It is used to prevent and treat heartburn and other symptoms caused by too much acid in the stomach (acid indigestion).

What are the common side effects of Giran?

Common side effects of Giran are include:

  • headache
  • abdominal pain
  • agitation
  • hair loss
  • confusion
  • constipation
  • diarrhea
  • dizziness
  • hypersensitivity reaction
  • nausea
  • vomiting
  • anemia
  • necrotizing inflammation of the small intestine and colon in fetus or newborn

Is Giran safe during pregnancy ?

Giran has been available for decades and studies have found it to be safe for use during pregnancy.

Is Giran safe during breastfeeding?

Giran passes into breast milk. It doesn't appear to be harmful to a nursing infant, but you shouldn't take it while breastfeeding unless it's considered essential by your doctor.

Can I drink alcohol with Giran?

No interaction occurs between Giran and alcohol during takig alcohol.

Can I drive after taking Giran?

The blood levels impair driving function. People should be warned that when they drink moderately, they would find themselves driving home somewhat impaired.

When should I take Giran?

It is usually taken once a day at bedtime or two to four times a day. Over-the-counter Giran comes as a tablet to take by mouth. It is usually taken once or twice a day.

Should I take Giran in the morning or at night?

Giran is taken highest at night between 10:00 pm and 2:00 am.

Is it Giran to take Giran every day?

Recommended not to take the drug for more than two weeks unless directed by a doctor.

How quickly does Giran work?

You should get relief from heartburn and indigestion symptoms within an hour or so of taking a dose of ranitidine and its effects last for about 12 hours.

Does Giran affect sleep?

Sleep disturbance caused by Giran is an uncommon adverse event in patients receiving the drug.

Can I take Giran on an empty stomach?

Giran can be taken with or without food.

Does Giran help anxiety?

In both groups there was a highly significant and progressive decrease in depression and anxiety scores over the 4 weeks of treatment.

Who should not take Giran?

Do not use this medication in children younger than 12 unless directed by the doctor. Older adults may be more sensitive to the side effects of this drug, especially confusion.

What happens if I don't take dose of Giran?

Your medication may not work as well or may stop working completely. For this drug to work well, a certain amount needs to be in your body at all times.

What happen If i overdose on Giran?

Giran overdose is very rare. You would usually have to take much more than recommended before having overdose symptoms. However, if you take too much ranitidine, you could have dangerous levels of the drug in your body. Symptoms of an overdose of this drug can include:

  • trouble walking
  • low blood pressure (may make you feel dizzy or faint)

What happen If I missed Giran?

Take your dose as soon as you remember. But if you remember just a few hours before your next scheduled dose, take only one dose. Never try to catch up by taking two doses at once. This could result in dangerous side effects.

*** Taking medicines without doctor's advice can cause long-term problems.
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