Granulderm

Granulderm Uses, Dosage, Side Effects, Food Interaction and all others data.

Castor oil is a vegetable oil obtained by pressing the seeds of the castor oil plant (Ricinus communis L.) mainly cultivated in India, South America, Africa, and China. Castor oil is a rich source of Ricinoleic acid, which represents up to 90% of the total castor oil content. It also consists up to 4% linoleic, 3% oleic, 1% stearic, and less than 1% linolenic fatty acids . Ricinoleic acid has a hydroxyl group that provides a functional group location for various chemical reactions, making it a favourable substance in industrial applications . Castor oil does not contain ricin, which is a natural poison found in the castor oil plant; the toxic lectin remains in the bean pulp following oil isolation . Due to its renewability and high versatility in addition to being the only commercial source of a hydroxylated fatty acid , castor oil has been used as a vital raw material for the chemical industry . Castor oil was mainly used in the manufacturing of soaps, lubricants, and coatings . It is an FDA-approved food additive directly added to food products for human consumption. It can also be found in hard candies as a release agent and anti-sticking agent, or supplementary vitamins and mineral oral tablets as an ingredient for protective coatings. Castor oil is found in over-the-counter oral liquids as a stimulant laxative, and is also added in commercial cosmetic, hair, and skincare products.

Castor oil is a potent laxative that was shown to be effective for short-term constipation. In a prospective study, the group receiving oral castor oil was associated with a higher likelihood of initiation of labour compared to the placebo group . Castor oil is known to induce diarrhea, and has been used in studies to assess anti-diarrheal effect of some compounds .

Granulderm
Uses
Dosage
Side Effect
Precautions
Interactions
Uses during Pregnancy
Uses during Breastfeeding
Accute Overdose
Food Interaction
Half Life
Volume of Distribution
Clearance
Interaction With other Medicine
Contradiction
Storage

Trade Name	Granulderm
Generic	Balsam peru + castor oil + trypsin topical
Weight	87mg + 788mg + 90units/g, 72.5mg + 650mg + 0.1mg/0.82ml, 87mg + 788mg + 0.12mg/g
Type	Topical ointment, topical spray
Therapeutic Class
Manufacturer
Available Country	United States
Last Updated:	September 19, 2023 at 7:00 am

Uses

Castor oil is an ingredient used in a variety of natural health products.

Indicated for over-the-counter use as a laxative for oral use and as a soothing agent for topical use on skin and hair.

Granulderm is also used to associated treatment for these conditions: Constipation, Occasional Constipation

How Granulderm works

Castor oil is a mix of triglycerides consisting of mainly ricinolein, linoleic acid, oleic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid, dihydroxystearic acid, and traces of other fatty acids . The main pharmacodynamic effects of castor oil are mediated by ricinoleic acid, a hydroxylated fatty acid released from castor oil by intestinal lipases . It was believed that ricinoleic acid acts as an anionic surfactant that reduces net absorption of fluid and electrolytes, and stimulates intestinal peristalsis . However, a recent study suggests that ricinoleic acid interacts with EP3 prostanoid receptors expressed on intestinal and uterine smooth muscles. Via activating EP3 prostanoid receptors on intestinal and uterine smooth muscle cells, ricinoleic acid promotes laxation and uterus contraction, respectively . EP3 receptor act as the major prostanoid receptor in the intestine mediating propulsive effects on gut motility, and activation of EP3 receptors has been demonstrated to evoke contraction of uterine smooth muscle .

Toxicity

Castor oil is considered minimally toxic when administered orally to humans; the estimated lethal oral dose is 1-2 pints of undiluted oil . Findings from a repeat-dose study in mouse report an oral LD50 value of >5000 mg/kg and NOAEL is approximately >2500 mg/kg/day in rat . Digestive tract irritation following oral ingestion, skin contact sensitization, and contact dermatitis have been reported for castor oil .

Volume of Distribution

No pharmacokinetic data available.

Elimination Route

After oral ingestion of castor oil, ricinoleic acid is released by lipases in the intestinal lumen and absorbed in the intestine . Findings from the rat study suggest that the absorption of castor oil is inversely related to the administered dose, but the absorption is virtually complete at small doses (4g) .