Guna-Polyarthritis
Guna-Polyarthritis Uses, Dosage, Side Effects, Food Interaction and all others data.
Canakinumab is a recombinant, human anti-human-IL-1β monoclonal antibody that belongs to the IgG1/κ isotype subclass. It is expressed in a murine Sp2/0-Ag14 cell line and comprised of two 447- (or 448-) residue heavy chains and two 214-residue light chains, with a molecular mass of 145157 Daltons when deglycosylated. Both heavy chains of canakinumab contain oligosaccharide chains linked to the protein backbone at asparagine 298 (Asn 298). Canakinumab binds to human IL-1β and neutralizes its inflammatory activity by blocking its interaction with IL-1 receptors, but it does not bind IL-1alpha or IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1ra). Canakinumab is marketed under the brand name Ilaris and indicated for patients 4 years of age and older to treat Familial Cold Autoinflammatory Syndrome (FCAS) and Muckle-Wells Syndrome (MWS), which are both part of the Cryopyrin-Associated Periodic Syndromes (CAPS) as well as for patients 2 years of age and older to treat systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis (SJIA). Clinical trials have established the administration of canakinumab every 2 weeks to be safe and effective, offering a considerable advantage over the existing treatment with the human IL-1 receptor antagonist, anakinra, which must be injected daily and which is often poorly tolerated by patients.
Novartis AG has developed canakinumab as a subcutaneous injection and fully human mAb that neutralizes the bioactivity of human IL-1beta, which is involved in several inflammatory disorders. Canakinumab has promising clinical safety and pharmacokinetic properties, and demonstrated potential for the treatment of cryopyrin-associated periodic syndromes (CAPS), systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis (SJIA), and possibly for other complex inflammatory diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis, COPD disease and ocular diseases.
Metenkefalin is an endogenous opioid and beta-endorphin. It has been shown to reduce chromosomal abberations in patients with multiple sclerosis. Metenkefalin, along with tridecactide, are under investigation as an immunomodulatory therapy for moderate to severe COVID-19.
Salicylic acid has a potent keratolytic action and a slight antiseptic action when applied topically. It softens and destroys the stratum corneum by increasing endogenous hydration which causes the horny layer of the skin to swell, soften, and then desquamate. At high concentrations, salicylic acid has a caustic effect. It also possesses weak antifungal and antibacterial activity.
Salicylic acid treats acne by causing skin cells to slough off more readily, preventing pores from clogging up. This effect on skin cells also makes salicylic acid an active ingredient in several shampoos meant to treat dandruff. Use of straight salicylic solution may cause hyperpigmentation on unpretreated skin for those with darker skin types (Fitzpatrick phototypes IV, V, VI), as well as with the lack of use of a broad spectrum sunblock. Subsalicylate in combination with bismuth form the popular stomach relief aid known commonly as Pepto-Bismol. When combined the two key ingredients help control diarrhea, nausea, heartburn, and even gas. It is also very mildly anti-biotic.
| Trade Name | Guna-Polyarthritis |
| Generic | Aconitum napellus + anti-interleukin-1.alpha. immunoglobulin g rabbit + canakinumab + metenkefalin + colchicum autumnale bulb + drosera rotundifolia + guaiacum officinale resin + ledum palustre twig + salicylic acid + viscum album fruit |
| Type | Injection, solution |
| Therapeutic Class | |
| Manufacturer | |
| Available Country | United States |
| Last Updated: | September 19, 2023 at 7:00 am |
Uses
Canakinumab is an interleukin-1β blocker used to treat Periodic Fever Syndromes such as Cryopyrin-Associated Periodic Syndromes (CAPS) and Familial Mediterranean Fever (FMF), and also to treat active Systemic Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis (SJIA).
Used in patients 4 years of age and older to treat Familial Cold Autoinflammatory Syndrome (FCAS) and Muckle-Wells Syndrome (MWS), which are both part of the Cryopyrin-Associated Periodic Syndromes (CAPS) as well as for patients 2 years of age and older to treat systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis (SJIA).
Metenkefalin is an investigational endogenous opioid being studied for the treatment of COVID-19.
Metenkefalin is indicated in Bosnia for the treatment of relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis.
6% Salicylic Acid: This topical preparations treat the following common scaly conditions:
- Chronic atopic dermatitis
- Lichen simplex
- Psoriasis
- Seborrhoeic dermatitis
- Ichthiosis
12% Salicylic Acid: This topical preparations treat the following common scaly conditions:
- Warts (small excessive growths of skin caused by a type of virus. Warts often occur on the fingers or on the back of the hands).
- Verruca (occurs only on the sole of the feet and can be painful. It often looks like a small white ring of skin with a black dot in the centre).
- Corns and Calluses (are hard, thick pads of skin caused by pressure and friction. They usually occur on the feet due to poorly fitting shoes and can occur on the hands).
Guna-Polyarthritis is also used to associated treatment for these conditions: Familial Cold Autoinflammatory Syndrome (FCAS), Muckle-Wells Syndrome (MWS), Neonatal-Onset Multisystem Inflammatory Disease (NOMID), Active systemic Juvenile idiopathic arthritisAcne, Actinic Keratosis (AK), Alopecia Areata (AA), Atopic Dermatitis (AD), Blackheads, Chronic Eczema, Chronic cutaneous lupus erythematosus, Corns, Dandruff, Dermatitis, Contact, Dermatitis, Eczematous, Dermatitis, Eczematous of the scalp, Discoid Lupus Erythematosus (DLE), Foot Callus, Fungal skin infection, Furuncle, Hand Eczema, Hyperkeratosis, Hyperkeratosis follicularis et parafollicularis, Infections, Fungal, Infections, Fungal of the Skin Folds, Infections, Fungal of the face, Infections, Fungal of the feet, Infections, Fungal of the hand, Keratosis Palmaris et Plantaris, Lichen, Lichen Plano-Pilaris, Lichen Planus (LP), Lichen simplex chronicus, Molluscum Contagiosum, Musculoskeletal Pain, Neurodermatitis, Palmo-Plantar Pustulosis, Plantar Warts, Pruritus, Psoriasis, Psoriasis Vulgaris (Plaque Psoriasis), Psoriasis of the scalp, Rash, Ringworm of the Skin, Ringworm of the scalp, Seborrheic Dermatitis, Seborrhoeic Dermatitis of the Scalp, Skin Infections, Bacterial, Verrucous Psoriasis, Warts, Calluses, Corticosteroid-responsive dermatoses, Keratinization disorders, Scaling, Scaling of skin, Scalp seborrhea, Superficial Fungal skin infection, Keratolysis
How Guna-Polyarthritis works
In inflammatory diseases involving Cryopyrin-Associated Periodic Syndromes (CAPS), interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) is excessively activated and drives inflammation. The protein cryopyrin controls the activation of IL-1β, and mutations in cryopyrin's gene, NLRP-3, up-regulate IL-1β activation. Canakinumab is a human monoclonal anti-human IL-1β antibody of the IgG1/κ isotype. Canakinumab binds to human IL-1β and neutralizes its inflammatory activity by blocking its interaction with IL-1 receptors, but it does not bind IL-1α or IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1ra).
Metenkefalin is an agonist of µ and δ opioid receptors. It also causes immunostimulation at low doses and immunosuppression at higher doses. Metenkefalin can also inhibit the production of aldosterone, deoxycorticosterone, and corticosterone. Unfortuneately, the mechanisms by which these effects occur have not been well described in the literature.
Salicylic acid directly irreversibly inhibits COX-1 and COX-2 to decrease conversion of arachidonic acid to precursors of prostaglandins and thromboxanes. Salicylate's use in rheumatic diseases is due to it's analgesic and anti-inflammatory activity. Salicylic acid is a key ingredient in many skin-care products for the treatment of acne, psoriasis, calluses, corns, keratosis pilaris, and warts. Salicylic acid allows cells of the epidermis to more readily slough off. Because of its effect on skin cells, salicylic acid is used in several shampoos used to treat dandruff. Salicylic acid is also used as an active ingredient in gels which remove verrucas (plantar warts). Salicylic acid competitively inhibits oxidation of uridine-5-diphosphoglucose (UDPG) with nicotinamide adenosine dinucleotide (NAD) and noncompetitively with UDPG. It also competitively inhibits the transferring of the glucuronyl group of uridine-5-phosphoglucuronic acid (UDPGA) to a phenolic acceptor. Inhibition of mucopoly saccharide synthesis is likely responsible for the slowing of wound healing with salicylates.
Dosage
Guna-Polyarthritis dosage
Topical/Cutaneous (Adult)-
Hyperkeratotic and scaling skin conditions: As 1.8-3% preparation: Apply to affected area of the skin and/or scalp 1-4 times daily.
Acne: As 0.5-2% preparation: Apply thinly to affected area 1-3 times daily, reduce to once daily or every other day if dryness or peeling occur.
Warts and calluses:
- As 12-40% plaster: Fit over the wart/callus for 48 hr, repeat process 48 hrly as needed until wart/callus is removed (up to 12 wk for warts or up to 14 days for calluses).
- As 5-17% preparation in collodion-like vehicle: Apply a small amount to sufficiently cover wart/callus and allow to dry. Repeat 1-2 times daily until wart/callus is removed (up to 12 wk for warts or up to 14 days for calluses).
- As 15% preparation in karaya gum-glycol plaster vehicle: Smoothen warts with emery board and place a drop of warm water prior to application. Apply the plaster in the evening and leave in place for at least 8 hr to be removed in the morning. Repeat process 24 hrly, if necessary up to 12 wk.
Side Effects
An allergic reaction (shortness of breath, closing of the throat, swelling of the lips, face or tongue or hives) or severe skin irritation.
Toxicity
The most common adverse reactions involved the central nervous system (headache and vertigo), gastrointestinal system (diarrhea and nausea), neuromuscular and skeletal system (musculoskeletal pain), and respiratory system (rhinitis, nasopharyngitis and bronchitis). Influenza was also reported.
Data regarding overdoses of metenkefalin are not readily available. Animal overdose studies have not determined an LD50.
Oral rat LD50: 891 mg/kg. Inhalation rat LC50: > 900 mg/m3/1hr. Irritation: skin rabbit: 500 mg/24H mild. Eye rabbit: 100 mg severe. Investigated a mutagen and reproductive effector.
Precaution
For external use only. Avoid contact with eyes and other mucous membranes.
Interaction
Do not use other topical preparations on the treated area unless otherwise directed by your healthcare provider. They may interfere with treatment or increase skin irritation.
Volume of Distribution
- 6.01 L [typical CAPS patient weighing 70 kg]
The volume of distribution is about 170 mL/kg of body weight.
Elimination Route
The absolute bioavailability of subcutaneous canakinumab is estimated to be 70%.
Metenkefalin reaches a Cmax of 1266.14pg/mL, with a Tmax of 0.16h, and an AUC of 360.64pg*h/mL.
Half Life
26 days
The half life of metenkefalin is 4.2-39 minutes.
Clearance
- 0.174 L/day [typical CAPS patient weighing 70 kg]
Elimination Route
The route of elimination for canakinumab has not yet been determined.
About 10% is excreted unchanged in the urine.
Pregnancy & Breastfeeding use
Pregnancy Category C. If used by nursing mothers, it should not be used on the chest area to avoid accidental contamination of the child.
Contraindication
It should not be used in any patient known to be sensitive to Salicylic Acid or any other listed ingredients.
Special Warning
Salicylic Acid is used in children over 2 years.
Acute Overdose
An overdose of Salicylic Acid topical is unlikely to occur. If you do suspect an overdose or if the medication has been ingested, call a poison control center or emergency room for advice.
Storage Condition
Store at a temperature below 25° C.
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