Hipofisina
Hipofisina Uses, Dosage, Side Effects, Food Interaction and all others data.
Synthetically prepared Hipofisina is identical to the natural occurring hormone from the posterior pituitary gland. Hipofisina causes contractions of the uterus, thus mimicking contractions of normal, spontaneous labor and transiently impeding uterine blood flow. Amplitude and duration of uterine contractions are increased, leading to dilation and effacement of the cervix. Hipofisina also stimulates the smooth muscle associated with the secretory epithelium of the lactating breast causing ejection of milk out of the mammary ductular system but having no direct effect on milk secretion.Hipofisina has only minimal cardiovascular and antidiuretic properties. Therefore, it can safely be administered to patients in whom a (further) increase in blood pressure must be avoided, as in the case of hypertension, toxemia, (pre-) eclampsia, solution placenta and uremia.
Hipofisina is a nonapeptide, pleiotropic hormone that exerts important physiological effects. It is most well known to stimulate parturition and lactation, but also has important physiological influences on metabolic and cardiovascular functions, sexual and maternal behaviour, pair bonding, social cognition, and fear conditioning.
It is worth noting that oxytocin receptors are not limited to the reproductive system but can be found in many peripheral tissues and in central nervous system structures including the brain stem and amygdala.
Trade Name | Hipofisina |
Availability | Prescription only |
Generic | Oxytocin |
Oxytocin Other Names | Oxitocina, Oxytocin |
Related Drugs | misoprostol, Cytotec, mifepristone, Pitocin, Methergine, Cervidil, Hemabate, carboprost, dinoprostone topical, Prepidil |
Type | |
Formula | C43H66N12O12S2 |
Weight | 1007.187 Da |
Groups | Approved, Vet approved |
Therapeutic Class | Drugs acting on the Uterus |
Manufacturer | |
Available Country | Argentina |
Last Updated: | September 19, 2023 at 7:00 am |
![Hipofisina Hipofisina](https://www.medicinesfaq.com/media/png/hipofisina.png)
Uses
In Antepartum:
- Induction of labor in patients with a medical indication for the initiation of labor, such as Rh problems, maternal diabetes, (pre-) eclampsia at or near term, when delivery is in the best interests of mother and fetus or when membranes are prematurely ruptured and delivery is used;
- Stimulation or reinforcement of labor, as in selected cases of uterine inertia;
- As adjunctive therapy in the management of incomplete or inevitable abortion.
In Postpartum: Hipofisina is used to produce uterine contractions during the third stage of labor and to control postpartum bleeding or hemorrhage.
Hipofisina is also used to associated treatment for these conditions: Incomplete Abortion, Inevitable abortion, Postpartum Bleeding, Reinforcement of labor
How Hipofisina works
Hipofisina plays a vital role in labour and delivery. The hormone is produced in the hypothalamus and is secreted from the paraventricular nucleus to the posterior pituitary where it is stored. It is then released in pulses during childbirth to induce uterine contractions.
The concentration of oxytocin receptors on the myometrium increases significantly during pregnancy and reaches a peak in early labor. Activation of oxytocin receptors on the myometrium triggers a downstream cascade that leads to increased intracellular calcium in uterine myofibrils which strengthens and increases the frequency of uterine contractions.
In humans, most hormones are regulated by negative feedback; however, oxytocin is one of the few that is regulated by positive feedback. The head of the fetus pushing on the cervix signals the release of oxytocin from the posterior pituitary of the mother. Hipofisina then travels to the uterus where it stimulates uterine contractions. The elicited uterine contractions will then stimulate the release of increasing amounts of oxytocin. This positive feedback loop will continue until parturition.
Since exogenously administered and endogenously secreted oxytocin result in the same effects on the female reproductive system, synthetic oxytocin may be used in specific instances during the antepartum and postpartum period to induce or improve uterine contractions.
Dosage
Hipofisina dosage
Induction or Stimulation of Labor:
- The standard solution for infusion of Hipofisina is prepared by adding the contents of one 1ml vial containing 10 units of Hipofisina to 1000 ml of infusion fluids. The combined solution containing 10 mU (1mU=0.001U) of Hipofisina/ml is rotated in the infusion bottle for thorough mixing.
- The initial dose should be 0.5-1 mU/min (equal to 3-6 ml of the dilute Hipofisina solution per hour). At 30-60 minutes intervals the dose should be gradually increased in increments of 1-2 mU/min until the desired contraction pattern has been established. Once the desired frequency of contractions has been reached and labor has progressed to 5-6 cm dilation, the dose may be reduced by similar increments.
- At term, higher infusion rates should be given with great care and rates exceeding 9-10 mU/min are rarely required.
- Before term, when the sensitivity of the uterus is lower because of a lower concentration of Hipofisina receptors, a higher infusion rate may be required.
Control of Postpartum Uterine Bleeding:
- Intravenous Infusion (Drip Method): To control postpartum bleeding, 10 to 40 units of Hipofisina may be added to the bottle, depending on the amount of infusion fluids solution remaining (maximum 40 units to 1000 ml). Adjust infusion rate to sustain uterine contraction and control uterine atony.
- Intramuscular Administration: 1 mL (10 units) of Hipofisina can be given after the delivery of the placenta.
Treatment of Incomplete or Inevitable Abortion:
- Intravenous infusion of 10 units of Hipofisina added to 500 ml of a 0.9% sodium chloride solution may help the uterus contract after a suction or sharp curettage for an incomplete, inevitable or elective abortion.
- Subsequent to intra-amniotic injection of hypertonic saline, prostaglandins, urea etc., for mid trimester elective abortion, the injection-to-abortion time may be shortened by infusion of Hipofisina at the rate of 10 to 20 mU (20 to 40 drops) per minute. The total dose should not exceed 30 units in a 12-hour period due to the risk of water intoxication.
Infusion Fluids-
- 0.9% Sodium Chloride solution
- 5% Dextrose-in-water solution
- Ringer’s solution
- Hartmann’s solution (Ringer-lactate)
Side Effects
- Hypersensitivity to the drug may result in uterine hypertonicity, spasm, titanic contraction or rupture of the uterus.
- The possibility of increased blood loss and afbrinigenemia should be kept in mind when administering the drug.
- Severe water intoxication with convulsions and coma has occurred.
- Hipofisina may occasionally cause nausea, vomiting, haemorrhage or cardiac arrhythmias, anaphylactic reaction.
Toxicity
Administration of supratherapeutic doses of exogenous oxytocin can lead to myocardial ischemia, tachycardia, and arrhythmias. High doses can also lead to uterine spasms, hypertonicity, or rupture. Hipofisina has antidiuretic properties, thus, high daily doses (as a single dose or administered slowly over 24 hours) may lead to extreme water intoxication resulting in maternal seizures, coma, and even death. The risk of antidiuresis and water intoxication in the mother appears to be greater when fluids are given orally.
Precaution
Hipofisina should not be administered in the following conditions: prematurity, borderline cephalopelvic disproportion, previous major surgery on the cervix or uterus including caesarean section, overdistention of the uterus, grand multiparity or invasive cervical carcinoma.
Interaction
Severe hypertension has been reported when Hipofisina was given three to four hours following prophylactic administration of a vasoconstrictor in conjunction with caudal-block anesthesia. Cyclopropane anesthesia may modify Hipofisina’s cardiovascular effects, so as to produce unexpected results such as hypotension. Maternal sinus bradycardia with abnormal atrioventricular rhythms has also been noted when Hipofisina was used concomitantly with cyclopropane anesthesia.
Food Interaction
No interactions found.Hipofisina Hypertension interaction
[Moderate] Hypertensive events, subarachnoid hemorrhage, and arrhythmias have occurred during oxytocin therapy.
Hipofisina possesses presser activity.
Caution is advised in patients with uncontrolled hypertension or cerebrovascular dysfunction.
Hipofisina Drug Interaction
Moderate: epinephrine, ondansetronUnknown: aspirin, RHO Immunoglobulin , lorazepam, diphenhydramine, glucose, carboprost, lvp solution, methylergonovine, acetaminophen, rho , valproic acid, cyanocobalamin, pyridoxine, ascorbic acid, cholecalciferol, phytonadione, phytonadione, alprazolam
Hipofisina Disease Interaction
Elimination Route
Hipofisina is administered parenterally and is fully bioavailable. It takes approximately 40 minutes for oxytocin to reach steady-state concentrations in the plasma after parenteral administration.
Half Life
The plasma half-life of oxytocin ranges from 1-6 minutes. The half-life is decreased in late pregnancy and during lactation.
Clearance
In a study that observed 10 women who were given oxytocin to induce labor, the mean metabolic clearance rate was 7.87 mL/min.
Elimination Route
The enzyme oxytocinase is largely responsible for the metabolism and regulation of oxytocin levels in pregnancy; only a small percentage of the neurohormone is excreted in the urine unchanged.
Pregnancy & Breastfeeding use
Pregnancy category C. It is not known whether Hipofisina is excreted in human milk
Contraindication
This drug is contraindicated in- significant cephalopelvic disproportion; unfavorable fetal positions or presentations which are undeliverable without conversion prior to delivery, e.g., transverse lies; in obstetrical emergencies where the benefit-to-risk ratio for either the fetus or the mother favors surgical intervention; in cases of fetal distress where delivery is not imminent; hypertonic uterine patterns; hypersensitivity to the drug. Prolonged use in uterine inertia or severe toxemia is contraindicated. Hipofisina should not be used in cases where vaginal delivery is not indicated.
Acute Overdose
Overdosage with Hipofisina depends essentially on uterine hyperactivity whether or not due to hypersensitivity to this agent. Hyperstimulation with strong (hypertonic) or prolonged (tetanic) contractions, or a resting tone of 15 to 20 mm H2O or more between contractions can lead to tumultuous labor, uterine rupture, cervical and vaginal lacerations, postpartum hemorrhage, utero-placental hypoperfusion, and variable deceleration of fetal heart, fetal hypoxia, hypercapnia, or death. Water intoxication with convulsions, which is caused by the inherent antidiuretic effect of Hipofisina, is a serious complication that may occur if large doses (40 to 50 mU/minute) are infused for long periods. Management consists of immediate discontinuation of Hipofisina and symptomatic and supportive therapy.
Storage Condition
Store in between 2 to 8° C, in dark & frost free place. Keep out of the reach of children.
Innovators Monograph
You find simplified version here Hipofisina
Hipofisina contains Oxytocin see full prescribing information from innovator Hipofisina Monograph, Hipofisina MSDS, Hipofisina FDA label