Human Cholecystokinin-33

Human Cholecystokinin-33 Uses, Dosage, Side Effects, Food Interaction and all others data.

Human Cholecystokinin-33 ( also known as CCK or CCK-PZ) is a peptide hormone of the gastrointestinal system which is responsible for stimulating the digestion of fat and protein. Human Cholecystokinin-33, previously called pancreozymin, is synthesized and secreted by enteroendocrine cells in the duodenum (the first portion of the small intestine) and leads to the release of bile and digestive enzymes. CCK also acts as an appetite suppressant and has been studied for weight management regimens .

Normally, it is an endogenous hormone but is available commercially for diagnostic processes and replacement in pancreatic insufficiency . in the octapeptide form.

Human Cholecystokinin-33 is one of the first gastrointestinal hormones discovered, identified more than 90 years ago due to its ability to stimulate gallbladder contraction in 1928. Soon after, it was recognized to be identical to the factor responsible for stimulating pancreatic exocrine secretion in 1943 . This hormone has also been shown to have positive effects on enteric smooth muscle contraction and on nerve activity at multiple locations in the peripheral and central nervous system. In addition to its roles in promoting smooth muscle cell contraction/exocrine cell secretion, CCK promotes cell growth, energy production, gene expression and protein synthesis, processes that have profound for drug development . This drug has also been investigated for possible antipsychotic properties, owing to its effect on CCK receptors in the brain .

Human Cholecystokinin-33
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Uses during Pregnancy
Uses during Breastfeeding
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Trade Name	Human Cholecystokinin-33
Generic	Cholecystokinin
Cholecystokinin Other Names	CCK-PZ, Human CCK-33, Human cholecystokinin-33, Pancreozymin
Type
Groups	Approved, Investigational
Therapeutic Class
Manufacturer
Available Country
Last Updated:	September 19, 2023 at 7:00 am

Uses

For use as a diagnostic aid for evaluation of gallbladder disorders. It is also used in conjunction with secretin in pancreatic insufficiency .

How Human Cholecystokinin-33 works

Human Cholecystokinin-33 (CCK) is a peptide hormone discovered in the small intestine. Together with secretin and gastrin, CCK constitutes the classical gut hormone triad. In addition to gallbladder contraction, CCK also regulates pancreatic enzyme secretion and growth, intestinal motility, satiety signaling and the inhibition of gastric acid secretion. CCK is, however, also a transmitter in central and intestinal neurons. Notably, CCK is the most ubiquitously found neuropeptide in the human brain. Owing to difficulties in developing accurate assays for the hormone, knowledge about CCK secretion in disease is limited. Available data indicate, however, that proCCK is expressed in certain malignant neuroendocrine tumors and sarcomas, whereas the secretion of CCK is affected in celiac disease and the eating disorder bulimia nervosa. Stimulation with exogenous CCK has proved this protein useful in diagnostic imaging of gallbladder and pancreatic diseases, as well as testing of medullary thyroid carcinomas .

Human Cholecystokinin-33, a natural polypeptide which is formed in the amine precursor uptake and decarboxylation (APUD) cells of the proximal mucosa of the small intestine, promotes contraction of the gallbladder muscle, resulting in the reduction of gallbladder size and the expression of bile . Human Cholecystokinin-33 stimulates secretion of pancreatic digestive enzymes and secretion from the glands of Brunner .

CCK is composed of a five amino acid sequence at the carboxyl terminus that is identical to that of gastrin. The carboxyl terminus confers the biologic activity of CCK; as a result, gastrin has CCK-mimicking activity and CCK has gastrin-mimicking activity. The amino acid sequence similarity has made the creation of assays for CCK cumbersome, due to the fact that antibodies specific for the biologically active portion the molecule often cross-react with gastrin. This hormone circulates in the blood at concentrations 10 to 100 times greater than that of CCK .