Human interferon beta
Human interferon beta Uses, Dosage, Side Effects, Food Interaction and all others data.
Human interferon beta is a polypeptide used in the management of relapsing forms of Multiple Sclerosis (MS), and was initially approved by the FDA in 1992. Multiple Sclerosis is a devastating neurodegenerative disease that is usually progressive and significantly debilitating with a profound impact on the quality of life.
Interferon beta is currently being studied as a possible treatment for COVID-19, which results from infection with the novel 2019 SARS-CoV-2 virus. Interferon-beta has been used in the past in clinical studies with other coronaviruses due to its demonstrated activity against the virus causing Middle Eastern Respiratory Syndrome (MERS). It is therefore a potential drug candidate for SARS-CoV-2 based on viral genetic similarity.
Interferon-beta has antiviral and immunomodulatory effects. It reduces demyelination, the main component of Multiple Sclerosis pathophysiology, reducing the clinical frequency of MS attacks and slowing disease progression.
| Trade Name | Human interferon beta |
| Generic | Human interferon beta |
| Human interferon beta Other Names | Fibroblast interferon, FIF, Interferon beta, Interferon beta (human), Interferon-beta |
| Type | |
| Weight | 40036.0 Da |
| Groups | Approved, Investigational |
| Therapeutic Class | |
| Manufacturer | |
| Available Country | |
| Last Updated: | September 19, 2023 at 7:00 am |
Uses
Human interferon beta is a polypeptide drug used in the treatment of relapsing forms of Multiple Sclerosis (MS).
This drug is indicated to treat relapsing forms of Multiple Sclerosis (MS) in adults, which includes clinically isolated syndrome, relapsing-remitting disease, as well as active secondary progressive disease.
Human interferon beta is also used to associated treatment for these conditions: Relapsing Remitting Multiple Sclerosis (RRMS)
How Human interferon beta works
Part of the pathophysiology of MS is immune cell activation in addition to degradation of the blood–brain barrier (BBB), resulting in both neural demyelination and axon injury. Immunomodulating drugs such as interferon-beta decrease the inflammation that results in demyelination of nerves. Binding of interferon-beta to type 1 interferon receptors induces a series of beneficial transcriptional JAK/STAT pathway changes. This decreases antigen presentation as well as the proliferation of inflammatory T-cells, reducing the inflammation associated with MS. It also changes the expression of cytokine and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP).
Toxicity
LD50 information for beta interferon is not readily available in the literature.
Overdose information
Following an overdose with a very high dose of beta interferon, one patient described in a case report experienced a modest rise in body temperature with diffuse limb and truncal erythema. The symptoms resolved within 24 hours. Biochemical and hematologic parameters were nonremarkable after the overdose. In the case of an overdose, discontinue beta interferon and resume when the patient has returned to baseline function.
Food Interaction
No interactions found.Volume of Distribution
The average state volume of distribution for beta interferon is 0.25 L/kg to 2.88 L/kg. Another reference mentions a volume of distribution of 120 L. Beta interferon is distributed throughout the body after extravasation across the vascular wall into the tissue after injection. It likely does not cross the blood-brain barrier, and it is unclear whether beta interferon crosses the placenta.
Elimination Route
Beta interferon has a bioavailability of about 30% after subcutaneous or intramuscular administration, demonstrating peak serum concentrations within several hours of a dose. Peak interferon beta-1b concentrations are achieved between 1-8 hours post-dose, measuring about 40 IU/mL. After injection, it is absorbed mainly by the lymphatic route. Prescribing information for interferon beta-1b indicates a bioavailability of 50%. Concentrations of beta interferon are detectable in the circulation 1-2 to days after administration.
Half Life
The mean terminal elimination half-life of interferon-beta varies from 8 minutes to about 4 hours.
Clearance
Average serum clearance in a pharmacokinetic study of beta-interferon 1b ranged from 9.4 mL/min•kg-1 to 28.9 mL/min•kg-1. Another study revealed a clearance ranging between 0.3 to 1.4 L/h/kg.
Elimination Route
Beta interferon is excreted by hepatic and renal pathways, with renal pathways accountable for about 40% of its clearance.
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