HyoMax

HyoMax Uses, Dosage, Side Effects, Food Interaction and all others data.

HyoMax is a tropane alkaloid and the levo-isomer of atropine. It is commonly extracted from plants in the Solanaceae or nightshade family. Research into the action of hyoscyamine in published literature dates back to 1826. HyoMax is used for a wide variety of treatments and therapeutics due to its antimuscarinic properties.

Although hyoscyamine is marketed in the United States, it is not FDA approved.

HyoMax is not FDA approved, and so it has not official indications. However, it is used as an antimuscarinic agent in a number of treatments and therapies. HyoMax has a short duration of action as it may need to be given multiple times per day. Patients should be counselled regarding the risks and signs of anticholinergic toxicity.

Trade Name HyoMax
Availability Prescription only
Generic Hyoscyamine
Hyoscyamine Other Names (S)-atropine, Daturin, Daturine, Duboisine, Hyoscyamin, Hyoscyamine, Hyoscyaminum, L-Hyoscyamine, L-Tropine tropate, Tropine-L-tropate
Related Drugs diazepam, fentanyl, dicyclomine, oxybutynin, lidocaine, Valium, Bentyl, simethicone, ketamine, propofol
Weight 0.125mg/5ml, 0.125mg/ml, 0.125mg, 0.125mg, 0.375mg, 0.375mgdual + release, 0.125mg
Type Tablet, Oral Liquid, Oral Solution, Oral Tablet, Disintegrating, Extended Release, Sublingual Tablet
Formula C17H23NO3
Weight Average: 289.3694
Monoisotopic: 289.167793607
Groups Approved
Therapeutic Class
Manufacturer
Available Country United States
Last Updated: September 19, 2023 at 7:00 am
HyoMax
HyoMax

Uses

HyoMax is an anticholinergic indicated to treat functional gastrointestinal disorders, biliary and renal colic, and acute rhinitis.

As a drug that is not FDA approved, hyscyamine has no official indications. Intravenous hysocyamine has been used to reduce gastric motility, reduce pancreatic pain and secretions, to facilitate imaging of the gastrointestinal tract, treat anticholinesterase toxicity, treat certain cases of partial heart block, improve visualization of the kidneys, and for symptomatic relief of biliary and renal colic. Intravenous hyoscyamine is also used pre-operatively to reduce secretions of the mouth and respiratory tract to facilitate intubation. Oral hyoscyamine is used to treat functional intestinal disorders, for symptomatic relief of biliary and renal colic, and symptomatic relief of acute rhinitis.

HyoMax is also used to associated treatment for these conditions: Biliary Colic, Colic, Cystitis, Diverticulitis, Heart Block, Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS), Neurogenic Bladder Dysfunction, Neurogenic Bowel Dysfunction, Pancreatitis, Parkinsonism, Peptic Ulcer, Poisoning caused by anticholinesterases, Pylorospasm, Renal Colic, Spastic bladder, Tracheo-bronchial secretion excess, Acute Enterocolitis, Acute Rhinitis, Gastric secretions, Mild Dysentery, Pharyngeal secretions, Salivary secretions, Spastic colitis

How HyoMax works

HyoMax competitively and non-selectively antagonises muscarinic receptors in the smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, sino-atrial node, atrioventricular node, exocrine nodes, gastrointestinal tract, and respiratory tract. Antagonism of muscarinic M1, M4, and M5 receptors in the central nervous system lead to cognitive impairment; antagonism of M2 in the sinoatrial and atrioventricular nodes leads to bradycardia and lowers contractility; and antagonism of M3 in smooth muscle results in reduced peristalsis, bladder contraction, salivary secretions, gastric secretions, bronchial secretions, sweating, increased bronchodilation, mydriasis, and cycloplegia.

Toxicity

Patients experiencing an overdose may present with headache, nausea, vomiting, dizziness, dry mouth, difficulty in swallowing, dilated pupils, blurred vision, urinary retention, hot dry and flushed skin, tachycardia, hypertension, hypotension, respiratory depression, CNS stimulation, fever, ataxia, excitation, lethargy, stupor, coma, and paralysis. Patients should be treated with symptomatic and supportive therapy which may include emesis, gastric lavage, activated charcoal, artificial respiration, or intravenous physostigmine. Dialysis is expected to remove hyoscyamine sulfate from circulation.

Food Interaction

  • Take before a meal. Take 30-60 minutes before a meal.
  • Take separate from antacids. Take oral hyoscyamine before meals and antacids after meals.

HyoMax Alcohol interaction

[Moderate] GENERALLY AVOID:

Use of anticholinergic agents with alcohol may result in sufficient impairment of attention so as to render driving and operating machinery more hazardous.

In addition, the potential for abuse may be increased with the combination.

The mechanism of interaction is not established but may involve additive depressant effects on the central nervous system.

No effect of oral propantheline or atropine on blood alcohol levels was observed in healthy volunteers when administered before ingestion of a standard ethanol load.

However, one study found impairment of attention in subjects given atropine 0.5 mg or glycopyrrolate 1 mg in combination with alcohol.

Alcohol should generally be avoided during therapy with anticholinergic agents.

Patients should be counseled to avoid activities requiring mental alertness until they know how these agents affect them.

HyoMax Hypertension interaction

[Minor] Cardiovascular effects of anticholinergics may exacerbate hypertension.

Therapy with anticholinergic agents should be administered cautiously in patients with hypertension.

Elimination Route

HyoMax is completely absorbed by sublingual and oral routes, though exact data regarding the Cmax, Tmax, and AUC are not readily available.

Half Life

The half life of hyoscyamine is 3.5 hours.

Elimination Route

The majority of hyoscyamine is eliminated in the urine as the unmetabolized parent compound.

Innovators Monograph

You find simplified version here HyoMax

*** Taking medicines without doctor's advice can cause long-term problems.
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