Hyurea

Hyurea Uses, Dosage, Side Effects, Food Interaction and all others data.

Hyurea is converted to a free radical nitroxide (NO) in vivo, and transported by diffusion into cells where it quenches the tyrosyl free radical at the active site of the M2 protein subunit of ribonucleotide reductase, inactivating the enzyme. The entire replicase complex, including ribonucleotide reductase, is inactivated and DNA synthesis is selectively inhibited, producing cell death in S phase and synchronization of the fraction of cells that survive. Repair of DNA damaged by chemicals or irradiation is also inhibited by hydroxyurea, offering potential synergy between hydroxyurea and radiation or alkylating agents. Hyurea also increases the level of fetal hemoglobin, leading to a reduction in the incidence of vasoocclusive crises in sickle cell anemia. Levels of fetal hemoglobin increase in response to activation of soluble guanylyl cyclase (sGC) by hydroxyurea-derived NO.

Hyurea has dose-dependent synergistic activity with cisplatin in vitro. In vivo Hyurea showed activity in combination with cisplatin against the LX-1 and CALU-6 human lung xenografts, but minimal activity was seen with the NCI-H460 or NCI-H520 xenografts. Hyurea was synergistic with cisplatin in the Lewis lung murine xenograft. Sequential exposure to Hyurea 4 hours before cisplatin produced the greatest interaction.

Trade Name Hyurea
Availability Prescription only
Generic Hydroxyurea
Hydroxyurea Other Names Carbamohydroxamic acid, Carbamohydroximic acid, Carbamoyl oxime, Carbamyl hydroxamate, Hidroxicarbamida, Hydrea, Hydroxycarbamid, Hydroxycarbamide, Hydroxycarbamidum, Hydroxyharnstoff, Hydroxyurea, N-Carbamoylhydroxylamine, N-Hydroxyurea, Oxyurea
Related Drugs methotrexate, Keytruda, pembrolizumab, vitamin e, cyclophosphamide, imatinib, Gleevec, Sprycel, dostarlimab, Hydrea
Type Capsule
Formula CH4N2O2
Weight Average: 76.0547
Monoisotopic: 76.027277382
Groups Approved
Therapeutic Class Cytotoxic Chemotherapy
Manufacturer Natco Pharma Ltd
Available Country India
Last Updated: September 19, 2023 at 7:00 am
Hyurea
Hyurea

Uses

Hyurea is used for the treatment of resistant chronic myeloid leukemia, locally advanced squamous cell carcinomas of the head and neck (excluding the lip) in combination with chemoradiation.

Hyurea is also used to associated treatment for these conditions: Essential Thrombocythemia (ET), Head and Neck Carcinoma, Hypereosinophilic Syndromes, Melanomas, Meningiomas, Ovarian Cancer Metastatic, Polycythemia Vera (PV), Sickle Cell Anemia, Chronic, refractory Myeloid Leukemia, Inoperable Ovarian cancer

How Hyurea works

Hyurea is converted to a free radical nitroxide (NO) in vivo, and transported by diffusion into cells where it quenches the tyrosyl free radical at the active site of the M2 protein subunit of ribonucleotide reductase, inactivating the enzyme. The entire replicase complex, including ribonucleotide reductase, is inactivated and DNA synthesis is selectively inhibited, producing cell death in S phase and synchronization of the fraction of cells that survive. Repair of DNA damaged by chemicals or irradiation is also inhibited by hydroxyurea, offering potential synergy between hydroxyurea and radiation or alkylating agents. Hyurea also increases the level of fetal hemoglobin, leading to a reduction in the incidence of vasoocclusive crises in sickle cell anemia. Levels of fetal hemoglobin increase in response to activation of soluble guanylyl cyclase (sGC) by hydroxyurea-derived NO.

Dosage

Hyurea dosage

Malignancies Chronic myeloid leukaemia: 20-30 mg/kg/day.

Solid tumours: 80 mg/kg every third day. With radiotherapy, start treatment 7 days before initiation of radiotherapy.

Sickle-cell disease: Initial: 15 mg/kg/day. Max: 35 mg/kg/ day. Adjust based on response and blood counts.

Essential thrombocythemia: 15 mg/kg/day. Adjust based on platelet counts.

Side Effects

Gl disturbances, Nausea, Vomiting, Constipation, Diarrhea, Hyperuricemia, Renal failure, Rash, Hyperpigmentation. Pulmonary oedema, dermatological reactions, headache, dizziness. Disorientation, drowsiness, hallucinations, convulsions, alopecia.

Toxicity

Oral, mouse: LD50 = 7330 mg/kg; Oral, rat: LD50 = 5760 mg/kg Teratogenicity: Teratogenic effects have occurred in experimental animals.Hyurea use during a small number of human pregnancies has been reported. Adverse effects have not been observed in any of the exposed newborns. Reproductive Effects: Adverse reproductive effects have occurred in experimental animals. Mutagenicity: Mutagenic effects have occurred in experimental animals.Mutagenic effects have occurred in humans.

Precaution

Regular monitoring of uric acid concentrations, blood counts, renal and hepatic function is recommended. Prior irradiation therapy. Elderly. Avoid use of live vaccines.

Interaction

Impairs immune response to vaccines; possible infection with live vaccines, zidovudine, zalcitabine. May alter action of oral anticoagulants and phenytoin.

Food Interaction

  • Drink plenty of fluids.
  • Take with or without food.

Elimination Route

Well absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract.

Half Life

3-4 hours

Elimination Route

Renal excretion is a pathway of elimination.

Pregnancy & Breastfeeding use

Pregnancy category D. There is positive evidence of human fetal risk based on adverse reaction data from investigational or marketing experience or studies in humans, but potential benefits may warrant use of the drug in pregnant women despite potential risks.

Lactation: Excreted in breast milk, do not nurse

Contraindication

Severe bone-marrow suppression, severe anaemia, WBC <3000/mm3 or platelet count <100,000/mm3. Pregnancy and lactation. Hypersensitivity.

Innovators Monograph

You find simplified version here Hyurea

Hyurea contains Hydroxyurea see full prescribing information from innovator Hyurea Monograph, Hyurea MSDS, Hyurea FDA label

http://classyfire.wishartlab.com/tax_nodes/C0000000
http://classyfire.wishartlab.com/tax_nodes/C0000264
http://classyfire.wishartlab.com/tax_nodes/C0002285
http://classyfire.wishartlab.com/tax_nodes/C0002285
http://classyfire.wishartlab.com/tax_nodes/C0004557
http://classyfire.wishartlab.com/tax_nodes/C0000323
http://classyfire.wishartlab.com/tax_nodes/C0000117
http://classyfire.wishartlab.com/tax_nodes/C0004150
https://www.ebi.ac.uk/chebi/searchId.do?chebiId=CHEBI:44423
http://metacyc.org/META/new-image?type=COMPOUND&object=HYDROXY-UREA
http://www.hmdb.ca/metabolites/HMDB0015140
http://www.genome.jp/dbget-bin/www_bget?drug:D00341
http://www.genome.jp/dbget-bin/www_bget?cpd:C07044
https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/summary/summary.cgi?cid=3657
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https://mor.nlm.nih.gov/RxNav/search?searchBy=RXCUI&searchTerm=5552
https://www.ebi.ac.uk/chebi/searchId.do?chebiId=44423
https://www.ebi.ac.uk/chembldb/index.php/compound/inspect/CHEMBL467
https://zinc.docking.org/substances/ZINC000008034120
http://bidd.nus.edu.sg/group/cjttd/ZFTTDDRUG.asp?ID=DAP000739
http://www.pharmgkb.org/drug/PA449942
https://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbe-srv/pdbechem/chemicalCompound/show/NHY
http://www.rxlist.com/cgi/generic2/hydroxyurea.htm
https://www.drugs.com/cdi/hydroxyurea.html
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydroxycarbamide
*** Taking medicines without doctor's advice can cause long-term problems.
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