Indapamide Hemihydrate
Indapamide Hemihydrate Uses, Dosage, Side Effects, Food Interaction and all others data.
Indapamide Hemihydrate is a diuretic antihypertensive. It appears to cause vasodilation, probably by inhibiting the passage of calcium and other ions (sodium, potassium) across membranes. It has an extra-renal antihypertensive action resulting in a decrease in vascular hyperreactivity and a reduction in total peripheral and arteriolar resistance.
Classified as a sulfonamide diuretic, indapamide is an effective antihypertensive agent and by extension, has shown efficacy in the prevention of target organ damage.Administration of indapamide produces water and electrolyte loss, with higher doses associated with increased diuresis. Severe and clinically significant electrolyte disturbances may occur with indapamide use - for example, hypokalemia resulting from renal potassium loss may lead to QTc prolongation. Further electrolyte imbalances may occur due to renal excretion of sodium, chloride, and magnesium.
Other indapamide induced changes include increases in plasma renin and aldosterone, and reduced calcium excretion in the urine. In many studies investigating the effects of indapamide in both non-diabetic and diabetic hypertensive patients, glucose tolerance was not significantly altered. However, additional studies are necessary to assess the long term metabolic impacts of indapamide, since thiazide related impaired glucose tolerance can take several years to develop in non-diabetic patients.
| Trade Name | Indapamide Hemihydrate |
| Availability | Prescription only |
| Generic | Indapamide |
| Indapamide Other Names | Indapamid, Indapamida, Indapamide, Indapamidum, Metindamide |
| Related Drugs | amlodipine, lisinopril, metoprolol, losartan, furosemide, hydrochlorothiazide, spironolactone, Lasix, chlorthalidone, torsemide |
| Type | |
| Formula | C16H16ClN3O3S |
| Weight | Average: 365.835 Monoisotopic: 365.06008979 |
| Protein binding | Approximately 76-79% of indapamide is protein bound. Indapamide binds primarily to alpha 1-acid glycoprotein and less significantly to serum albumin and lipoproteins. In the blood, indapamide is extensively and preferentially bound to erythrocytes. |
| Groups | Approved |
| Therapeutic Class | Thiazide diuretics & related drugs |
| Manufacturer | Mylan |
| Available Country | United Kingdom |
| Last Updated: | September 19, 2023 at 7:00 am |
Uses
Indapamide Hemihydrate is used for the treatment of essential hypertension . It is effective in treating hypertension in patients with renal function impairment, although its diuretic effect is reduced. Indapamide Hemihydrate is also used for the treatment of salt and fluid retention associated with congestive heart failure.
Indapamide Hemihydrate is also used to associated treatment for these conditions: High Blood Pressure (Hypertension), Recurrent Nephrolithiasis, Sodium and fluid retention
How Indapamide Hemihydrate works
Indapamide Hemihydrate acts on the nephron, specifically at the proximal segment of the distal convoluted tubule where it inhibits the Na+/Cl- cotransporter, leading to reduced sodium reabsorption. As a result, sodium and water are retained in the lumen of the nephron for urinary excretion. The effects that follow include reduced plasma volume, reduced venous return, lower cardiac output, and ultimately decreased blood pressure.
Interestingly, it is likely that thiazide-like diuretics such as indapamide have additional blood pressure lowering mechanisms that are unrelated to diuresis. This is exemplified by the observation that the antihypertensive effects of thiazides are sustained 4-6 weeks after initiation of therapy, despite recovering plasma and extracellular fluid volumes.
Some studies have suggested that indapamide may decrease responsiveness to pressor agents while others have suggested it can decrease peripheral resistance. Although it is clear that diuresis contributes to the antihypertensive effects of indapamide, further studies are needed to investigate the medication’s ability to decrease peripheral vascular resistance and relax vascular smooth muscle.
Dosage
Indapamide Hemihydrate dosage
One tablet daily preferably in the morning. In more sever case Indapamide Hemihydrate can be combine with other categories of anti-hypertensive agent. The safety and effectiveness in pediatric patients have not been established
Side Effects
Side effects of Indapamide Hemihydrate include headache, anorexia, gastric irritation,nausea, vomiting, constipation, diarrhoea etc.
Toxicity
Indapamide Hemihydrate overdose symptoms may include but are not limited to nausea, vomiting, gastrointestinal disorders, electrolyte disturbances and weakness. Other signs of overdose include respiratory depression and severe hypotension. In cases of overdose, supportive care interventions may be necessary to manage symptoms. Emesis and gastric lavage may be recommended to empty the stomach; however, patients should be monitored closely for any electrolyte or fluid imbalances.
Precaution
Monitoring of potassium and uric acid serum levels is recommended, especially in subjects with a predisposition or sensitivity to hypokalemia and in patients with gout. Although no allergic manifestations have been reported during clinical trials, patients with a history of allergy to sulfonamide derivatives should be closely monitored.
Interaction
Other antihypertensive: Indapamide Hemihydrate may add to or potentiate the action of other antihypertensive drugs.
Norepinephrine: Indapamide Hemihydrate like thiazides, may decrease arterial responsiveness to norepinephrine.
Lithium: In general, diuretics should not be given concomitantly with lithium because they reduce its renal clearance and add a high risk of lithium toxicity.
Food Interaction
- Avoid alcohol. Alcohol may potentiate orthostatic hypotension.
- Increase consumption of potassium-rich foods. Indapamide Hemihydrate my cause potassium depletion leading to hypokalemia.
- Take with or without food.
Indapamide Hemihydrate Alcohol interaction
[Moderate]
Many psychotherapeutic and CNS-active agents (e.g., anxiolytics, sedatives, hypnotics, antidepressants, antipsychotics, opioids, alcohol, muscle relaxants) exhibit hypotensive effects, especially during initiation of therapy and dose escalation.
Coadministration with antihypertensives and other hypotensive agents, in particular vasodilators and alpha-blockers, may result in additive effects on blood pressure and orthostasis.
Caution and close monitoring for development of hypotension is advised during coadministration of these agents.
Some authorities recommend avoiding alcohol in patients receiving vasodilating antihypertensive drugs.
Patients should be advised to avoid rising abruptly from a sitting or recumbent position and to notify their physician if they experience dizziness, lightheadedness, syncope, orthostasis, or tachycardia.
Indapamide Hemihydrate Cholesterol interaction
[Moderate] Thiazide diuretics may increase serum triglyceride and cholesterol levels, primarily LDL and VLDL.
Whether these effects are dose-related and sustained during chronic therapy are unknown.
Patients with preexisting hyperlipidemia may require closer monitoring during thiazide therapy, and adjustments made accordingly in their lipid-lowering regimen
Indapamide Hemihydrate Drug Interaction
Moderate: metoprolol, metoprolol, cholecalciferol, cholecalciferolUnknown: aspirin, aspirin, rosuvastatin, rosuvastatin, omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, atorvastatin, atorvastatin, acetaminophen, acetaminophen, levothyroxine, levothyroxine, cyanocobalamin, cyanocobalamin, ascorbic acid, ascorbic acid
Indapamide Hemihydrate Disease Interaction
Major: anuria, electrolyte losses, liver disease, lupus erythematosus, renal function disordersModerate: asthma, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, hyperparathyroidism, hyperuricemia, thyroid function tests
Volume of Distribution
Some sources report an apparent volume of distribution of 25 L for indapamide, while others report a value of approximately 60 L.
Elimination Route
The bioavailability of indapamide is virtually complete after an oral dose and is unaffected by food or antacids. Indapamide Hemihydrate is highly lipid-soluble due to its indoline moiety - a characteristic that likely explains why indapamide’s renal clearance makes up less than 10% of its total systemic clearance. The Tmax occurs approximately 2.3 hours after oral administration. The Cmax and AUC0-24 values are 263 ng/mL and 2.95 ug/hr/mL, respectively.
Half Life
Indapamide Hemihydrate is characterized by biphasic elimination. In healthy subjects, indapamide's elimination half-life can range from 13.9 to 18 hours. The long half-life is conducive to once-daily dosing.
Clearance
Indapamide Hemihydrate's renal and hepatic clearance values are reported to be 1.71 mL/min and 20-23.4 mL/min, respectively.
Elimination Route
An estimated 60-70% of indapamide is eliminated in the urine, while 16-23% is eliminated in the feces.
Pregnancy & Breastfeeding use
There are no adequate and well-controlled studies in pregnant women and so Indapamide Hemihydrate is not recommended. Mothers taking Indapamide Hemihydrate should not breast feed.
Contraindication
This drug must not be taken in the following conditions:
- Hypersensitivity to sulfonamides
- Severe renal failure
- Hepatic encephalopathy or severe hepatic failure
- Hypokalaemia
Acute Overdose
Symptoms: These could include: allergies, skin rashes, epigastric pain, nausea, photosensitivity, dizziness, weakness and paraesthesia.Treatment: Treatment is supportive and symptomatic, directed at correcting the electrolyte abnormalities.
Storage Condition
Store in a cool and dry place. Protect from light and moisture.
Innovators Monograph
You find simplified version here Indapamide Hemihydrate
Indapamide Hemihydrate contains Indapamide see full prescribing information from innovator Indapamide Hemihydrate Monograph, Indapamide Hemihydrate MSDS, Indapamide Hemihydrate FDA label
FAQ
What is Indapamide Hemihydrate used for?
Indapamide Hemihydrate is a thiazide-like diuretic drug generally used in the treatment of hypertension, as well as decompensated heart failure.
How safe is Indapamide Hemihydrate ?
Indapamide Hemihydrate is safe to take for a long time. You will have to see your doctor or nurse every so often to get your blood pressure checked and have blood and urine tests. This is to make sure the chemicals in your blood are balanced properly and your kidneys are working well.
How does Indapamide Hemihydrate work?
Indapamide Hemihydrate make your body get rid of extra fluid through your kidneys. This increases the amount of salts (such as sodium and potassium) and water you pee out. This means you have less fluid in your body and blood, which helps reduce blood pressure.
What are the common side effects of Indapamide Hemihydrate?
Common side effects of Indapamide Hemihydrate are include:
peeing more than normal - most people need to pee a couple of times within a few hours of taking indapamide, and you may also lose a bit of weight as your body loses water. mild skin rash. feeling or being sick. feeling dizzy or faint.
Is Indapamide Hemihydrate safe during pregnancy?
Indapamide Hemihydrate should not normally be used during pregnancy. Thiazide diuretics can reduce blood flow to the baby through the placenta and, if used in the third trimester, can cause problems such as jaundice, disturbances in the baby's electrolyte levels and problems with the growth of the baby.
Is Indapamide Hemihydrate safe during breastfeeding ?
Indapamide Hemihydrate is not recommended for women who wish to breastfeed because it passes into breast milk and could have side effects on a nursing infant. Indapamide Hemihydrate may also affect the production of breast milk.
Can I drink alcohol with Indapamide Hemihydrate?
If you have high blood pressure, it's best not to drink alcohol in large amounts while you're taking Indapamide Hemihydrate. It may raise your blood pressure, make you feel dizzy and cause dehydration.
When is the best time to take Indapamide Hemihydrate ?
It's usual to take it once a day, in the morning. Do not take Indapamide Hemihydrate too late in the day (after 4pm) or at night, otherwise you may have to wake up to go to the toilet.
How often can I take Indapamide Hemihydrate?
It's usual to take Indapamide Hemihydrate once a day, in the morning.
Can I take Indapamide Hemihydrate on empty stomach?
Indapamide Hemihydrate tablets can be taken either with or without food, on a full or empty stomach.
How long does Indapamide Hemihydrate take to work?
This means you have less fluid in your body and blood, which helps reduce blood pressure. Indapamide Hemihydrate will start to work within 2 hours of taking it. However, it may take up to a week to see an initial effect on your blood pressure and up to 12 weeks for the full effect to be seen.
How long does Indapamide Hemihydrate stay in my system?
Indapamide Hemihydrate keeps working to reduce your blood pressure for as long as you take it. It stays in the body for 3 to 4 days after you stop taking it.
Can I take Indapamide Hemihydrate for a long time?
Indapamide Hemihydrate oral tablet is used for long-term treatment of high blood pressure. It's used for short-term or long-term drug treatment of edema.
Is Indapamide Hemihydrate safe for kidneys?
Indapamide Hemihydrate is a safe and effective agent to use in lowering the blood pressure of hypertensive patients with normal renal function.
Can Indapamide Hemihydrate affect my kidneys?
Indapamide Hemihydrate can cause kidney problems. This Indapamide Hemihydrate should be used with caution if you have kidney disease. For people with liver disease: Indapamide Hemihydrate can cause fluid and electrolyte imbalances. These imbalances can worsen your liver disease.
Can Indapamide Hemihydrate affects my heart ?
Indapamide Hemihydrate may increase your risk of a heart attack or stroke.
What happen If I stop taking Indapamide Hemihydrate?
If you stop taking the drug or don't take it at all: Don't stop taking Indapamide Hemihydrate without talking to your doctor. Stopping this drug suddenly may cause your blood pressure to spike. This may increase your risk of a heart attack or stroke. If you have heart failure, you may experience fluid buildup.
Can Indapamide Hemihydrate affects my liver?
Indapamide Hemihydrate can cause fluid and electrolyte imbalances. These imbalances can worsen your liver disease. People with liver disease should use this drug with caution.
Can Indapamide Hemihydrate cause cancer?
Indapamide Hemihydrate increased risk of developing specific types of skin cancer.
Can Indapamide Hemihydrate cause eye problems?
This Indapamide Hemihydrate can cause certain eye problems. If left untreated, this can lead to lasting eyesight loss.
What are the common side effects of Indapamide Hemihydrate?
You should not use this Indapamide Hemihydrate if you are allergic to sulfa drugs or if you are unable to urinate.
What happens if I miss a dose?
Take the missed dose as soon as you remember. Skip the missed dose if it is almost time for your next scheduled dose. Do not take extra medicine to make up the missed dose.
What happens if I overdose?
Seek emergency medical attention. Overdose symptoms may include vomiting, weakness, dizziness, dry mouth, thirst, and muscle pain or weakness.
