Itocad Oc Tube

Uses

Clobetasol Propionate is used for:

• Initial control of all forms of hyperacute eczema in all age groups
• Chronic hyperkeratotic eczema of the hands and feet and patches of chronic lichen simplex
• Chronic hyperkeratotic psoriasis of any area of the body
• Severe acute photosensitivity
• Hypertrophic lichen planus
• Localized bullous disorders
• Keloid scarring
• Pretibial myxoedema
• Vitiligo
• Suppression of reaction after cryotherapy
• Scalp Solution is used for the topical therapy of recalcitrant corticosteroid-responsive dermatoses of the scalp, including recalcitrant cases of psoriasis and seborrheic dermatitis.

Itraconazole is used for the treatment of oropharyngeal candidiasis, vulvovaginal candidiasis, pityriasis versicolor, tinea pedis, tinea cruris, tinea corporis, tinea manuum, onychomycosis, histoplasmosis. It is used for the treatment of systemic candidiasis, aspergillosis, and cryptococcosis (including cryptococcal meningitis). It is also used for maintenance therapy in AIDS patients to prevent relapse of underlying fungal infections and in the prevention of fungal infection during prolonged neutropenia.

Ofloxacin Eye: It is used for the treatment of external ocular infections such as acute & sub-acute conjunctivitis, keratitis, kerato-conjunctivitis, blepharo-conjunctivitis, blepharitis, corneal ulcer and pre-operative prophylaxis in ocular surgery.

Ofloxacin Ear: It is used for the treatment of external ear infections (otitis externa) and certain middle ear infections (otitis media).

Ofloxacin Oral/Injection are used for the treatment of adults with mild to moderate infections caused by susceptible strains.

• Lower Respiratory Tract: Acute bacterial exacerbation of chronic bronchitis lung abscess, pneumonia.
• Gastrointestinal Tract: Enteric fever, shigellosis.
• Multi-drug-resistant Tuberculosis.
• Skin and skin structures: Uncomplicated skin and skin structure infections.
• Sexually Transmitted Diseases: Acute, Uncomplicated urethral and cervical gonorrhoea. Nongonococcal urethritis and cervicitis. Mixed infections of the urethra and cervix.
• Urinary tract: Uncomplicated Urinary Tract Infections, Complicated urinary tract infections.

Ornidazole is used for Amoebiasis (Intestinal and hepatic), Giardiasis, Trichomoniasis, Bacterial vaginosis, Treatment of susceptible anaerobic infections

Itocad Oc Tube is also used to associated treatment for these conditions: Alopecia, Severe Plaque psoriasis, Corticosteroid responsive, Inflammatory Dermatosis, Corticosteroid responsive, pruritic Dermatosis, Moderate Plaque psoriasis, Moderate Scalp Psoriasis, Severe Scalp PsoriasisAspergillosis, Blastomycosis, Chromomycosis, Coccidioidal meningitis, Dermatomycoses, Esophageal Candidiasis, Histoplasmosis, Infections, Fungal, Onychomycosis, Oropharyngeal Candidiasis, Paracoccidioidomycosis, Penicillium marneffei infection, Pulmonary coccidioides, Sporotrichosis, Vulvovaginal Candidiasis, Disseminated Other specified protozoal diseasesAcute Bacterial Exacerbation of Chronic Bronchitis (ABECB), Acute Otitis Media, Bacterial Infections, Cervicitis, Community Acquired Pneumonia (CAP), Complicated Urinary Tract Infection, Conjunctivitis, Epididymitis, Hansen's Disease, Nongonococcal urethritis, Otitis Externa, Prostatitis, Skin and Subcutaneous Tissue Bacterial Infections, Spontaneous Bacterial Peritonitis (SBP), Traveler's Diarrhea, Ulcerative keratitis, Acute Pelvic inflammatory disease, Acute, uncomplicated Gonorrhea, Chronic suppurative Otitis media, Uncomplicated CystitisAmebiasis, Anaerobic Bacterial Infection, Chlamydial Infections, Gastrointestinal Infections caused by entamoeba histolytica, Giardiasis, Mixed Vaginal Infections, Surgical Site Infections, Trichomonal Vaginitis, Trichomoniasis

How Itocad Oc Tube works

The short term effects of corticosteroids are decreased vasodilation and permeability of capillaries, as well as decreased leukocyte migration to sites of inflammation. Corticosteroids binding to the glucocorticoid receptor mediates changes in gene expression that lead to multiple downstream effects over hours to days.

Glucocorticoids inhibit neutrophil apoptosis and demargination; they inhibit phospholipase A2, which decreases the formation of arachidonic acid derivatives; they inhibit NF-Kappa B and other inflammatory transcription factors; they promote anti-inflammatory genes like interleukin-10.

Lower doses of corticosteroids provide an anti-inflammatory effect, while higher doses are immunosuppressive. High doses of glucocorticoids for an extended period bind to the mineralocorticoid receptor, raising sodium levels and decreasing potassium levels.

Itraconazole interacts with 14-α demethylase, a cytochrome P-450 enzyme necessary to convert lanosterol to ergosterol. As ergosterol is an essential component of the fungal cell membrane, inhibition of its synthesis results in increased cellular permeability causing leakage of cellular contents. Itraconazole may also inhibit endogenous respiration, interact with membrane phospholipids, inhibit the transformation of yeasts to mycelial forms, inhibit purine uptake, and impair triglyceride and/or phospholipid biosynthesis.

Ofloxacin acts on DNA gyrase and toposiomerase IV, enzymes which, like human topoisomerase, prevents the excessive supercoiling of DNA during replication or transcription. By inhibiting their function, the drug thereby inhibits normal cell division.

Dosage

Itocad Oc Tube dosage

Nyclobate Cream & Ointment

Adults and children over 1 year:

• Apply sparingly to cover the affected area, and gently rub into the skin. Frequency of application is 2 to 3 times daily according to the severity of the condition. The total dose applied should not exceed 50 g weekly.

• Treatment should not be continued for more than 7 days without medical supervision. If a longer course is necessary, it is recommended that treatment should not be continued for more than 4 weeks without the patient\\\'s condition being reviewed.

• Repeated short courses of Clobetasol may be used to control exacerbations

Children below 1 year: Under 1 year this preparation is not recommended

Nyclobate Scalp Application

• It should be applied to the affected scalp areas twice daily, once in morning and once at night.

• Total dosage should not exceed 50 ml per week.

• As with other highly active topical steroid preparations, therapy should be discontinued when control is achieved

Children: Under 1 year this preparation is not recommended.

Nyclobate Shampoo

• It should be applied to the dry (not wet) scalp once a day to the affected areas only.

• It should be massaged gently into the lesions and left in place for 15 minutes before lathering and rinsing.

• Treatment should be limited to 4 consecutive weeks.

• Total dosage of shampoo should not exceed 50 g per week.

• Under 18 years this preparation is not recommended.

Oropharyngeal candidiasis: 100 mg daily (200 mg daily in AIDS or neutropenia) for 15 days.

Vulvovaginal candidiasis: 200 mg twice daily for 1 day.

Pityriasis versicolor: 200 mg daily for 7 days.

Tinea corporis and tinea cruris: either 100 mg daily for 15 days or 200 mg daily for 7 days.

Tinea pedis and tinea manuum: either 100 mg daily for 30 days or 200 mg twice daily for 7 days.

Onychomycosis: either 200 mg daily for 3 months or course (pulse) of 200 mg twice daily for 7 days, subsequent courses repeated after 21 days interval. Fingernails two courses, toenails three courses.

Systemic infections (aspergillosis, candidiasis and cryptococcosis including cryptococcal meningitis) where other antifungal drugs inappropriate or ineffective: 200 mg once daily, increased in invasive or disseminated disease and in cryptococcal meningitis to 200 mg twice daily.

Histoplasmosis: 200 mg 1-2 times daily.

Maintenance in AIDS patients to prevent relapse of underlying fungal infection and prophylaxis in neutropenia when standard therapy is inappropriate: 200 mg once daily, increased to 200 mg twice daily if low plasma Itraconazole concentration is detected. Child dose: the recommended dose is 3 to 5 mg/kg/day.

Ofloxacin Eye: Instill 1 drop in the affected eye(s) every 2 to 4 hours for the first two days and then 4 times daily. The length of treatment should not exceed ten days.

Ofloxacin Ear: Instill 1-2 drops in the affected ear(s) twice daily or as needed.

Ofloxacin Intravenous (Adult):

• Skin and soft tissue infections: 400 mg bid infused over at least 1 hr.
• Complicated urinary tract infections: 200 mg daily by infusion over at least 30 min. Max: 400 mg bid infused over at least 1 hr.
• Lower respiratory tract infections, Septicaemia: 200 mg bid by infusion over at least 30 min. Max: 400 mg bid infused over at least 1 hr.

Ofloxacin Oral (Adult):

General dosage recommendations: The dose of ofloxacin is determined by the type and severity of the infection. The dosage range for adults is 200 mg to 800 mg daily. Up to 400 mg may be given as a single dose, preferably in the morning, larger doses should be given as two divided doses. Ofloxacin tablets should be swallowed with liquid; they should not be taken within two hours of intake of magnesium/aluminium containing antacids or iron preparations since reduction of absorption of ofloxacin can occur.

• Enteric fever: For adults 200 mg, every 12 hours, for 5 days. For children 15 mg/kg/day in 2 divided doses for 3 days.
• Shigellosis: 400 mg single dose.
• Multi-drug-resistant tuberculosis: 400 mg twice daily along with conventional anti-tuberculosis drugs.
• Lower respiratory tract infection: 400 mg daily, increasing, if necessary, to 400 mg twice daily.
• Uncomplicated Urinary Tract Infections: A single dose of 200/400 mg.
• Uncomplicated urethral and cervical gonorrhoea: A single dose of 400 mg.
• Non-gonococcal urethral and cervicitis: 400 mg daily in single or divided doses.
• Complicated Urinary Tract Infection: 200/400 mg/day for 7 days.

Children: Ofloxacin is usually not indicated for use in children or growing adolescents.

Elderly: No adjustment of dosage is required in the elderly.

Amoebiasis:

• Adults: 500 mg twice a day for 5 days.
• Children: 10-25 mg per kg body weight in two divided doses.

Amoebic dysentery:

• Adults: 1.5 gm once a day for 3 days.
• Children: 40 mg per kg body weight, once a day for 3 days.

Giardiasis:

• Adults: 1.5 gm once daily for 1-2 days.
• Children: 40 mg per kg body weight for 2 days.

Trichomoniasis: 1.5 gm once or 500 mg twice a day for 5 days. Sexual partner should also be treated at the same time.

Bacterial vaginosis: 3 tablets of 500 mg each as a single dose or one tablet of 500 mg once daily for 5-7 days.

Should be taken with food. Take immediately after a full meal.

May be taken with or without food. Avoid antacids or supplements containing Fe or Zn within 2 hr before or after ofloxacin. Ensure adequate hydration.

Side Effects

Generally Clobetasol Propionate is well tolerated. However, few side effects after prolonged and intensive treatment may cause local atrophic changes in the skin such as Burning, itching, irritation, dry skin eczema.

Nausea, abdominal pain, dyspepsia, constipation, headache, dizziness, raised liver enzymes, menstrual disorders, allergic reactions (including pruritus, rash, urticaria and angioedema), hepatitis and cholestatic jaundice, peripheral neuropathy and Stevens-Johnson syndrome reported. On prolonged use hypokalaemia, oedema and hair loss reported.

Ofloxacin Eye: Transient ocular irritation, burning, stinging, redness, itching or photophobia have been reported.

Ofloxacin Ear: Mild irritation or mild discomfort in the ear may occur. Symptoms of an allergic reaction include rash, itching, swelling or trouble breathing.

Ofloxacin tablet or injection is generally well tolerated and clinical side-effects of ofloxacin has been quite low. Among the adverse effects gastrointestinal and central nervous systems' reactions are common. Nausea, rash, vomiting, abdominal pain, diarrhoea and gastrointestinal distress are the gastrointestinal adverse effects. Common central nervous system reactions are headache, dizziness and insomnia.

Side effects of Ornidazole have been mainly limited to the gastrointestinal tract (nausea, vomiting, epigastric pain) and central nervous system (dizziness, headache, lassitude). Unlike other nitroimidazoles, Ornidazole does not interact with alcohol, although this requires further study.

Leukopenia has been described occasionally during therapy. Adverse central nervous system (CNS) effects of Ornidazole have mainly included headache, dizziness, lassitude or somnolence, fatigue and weakness. Adverse CNS effects of Ornidazole may be less than that happens with metronidazole. Seizures have not been reported with Ornidazole in studies available to date.

Toxicity

Data regarding acute overdoses of glucocorticoids are rare. Overdoses of clobetasol propionate can lead to reversible HPA axis suppression and glucocorticoid insufficiency. Chronic high doses of glucocorticoids can lead to the development of cataract, glaucoma, hypertension, water retention, hyperlipidemia, peptic ulcer, pancreatitis, myopathy, osteoporosis, mood changes, psychosis, dermal atrophy, allergy, acne, hypertrichosis, immune suppression, decreased resistance to infection, moon face, hyperglycemia, hypocalcemia, hypophosphatemia, metabolic acidosis, growth suppression, and secondary adrenal insufficiency.[A188405] Overdose may be treated by adjusting the dose or stopping the corticosteroid as well as initiating symptomatic and supportive treatment.[A188405]

No significant lethality was observed when itraconazole was administered orally to mice and rats at dosage levels of 320 mg/kg or to dogs at 200 mg/kg.

LD₅₀=5450 mg/kg (orally in mice)

Precaution

Do not swallow. For external use only.

Absorption is impaired when gastric acidity is reduced. In patients receiving acid neutralizing medicines (e.g. aluminium hydroxide), these should be administered at least 2 hours after the intake of Itraconazole. The drug should be administered after a full meal. Rarely, cases of hepatitis and jaundice have been reported mainly in patients treated for longer than one month. It is therefore, advised to monitor liver function in patients receiving continuous treatment of more than one month.

Patients being treated with Ofloxacin should not expose themselves unnecessarily to strong sunlight and should avoid UV rays. Caution is recommended if the drug is to be used in psychotic patients or in-patients with a history of psychiatric disease.

Prolonged use of eye drops & ear drops may result in overgrowth of non-susceptible organisms and secondary infection respectively.

In patient with ataxia, vertigo, and mental confusion, Ornidazole should be prescribed with caution. During prolonged treatment with Ornidazole, blood dyscrasia namely mild leukopenia have been reported rarely. In case leukopenia occurs, the decision to discontinue the therapy should depend upon the gravity of infection.

Interaction

No hazardous interactions have been reported with use of Clobetasol Propionate.

The drugs like terfenadine, astemizole, cisapride, HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors such as simvastatin, oral midazolam or triazolam should not be given concurrently with Itraconazole. Significant interactions also observed during co-administration of rifampin, phenytoin, phenobarbital, digoxin, and calcium channel blockers.

Antacids containing magnesium, aluminium or calcium may decrease absorption of ofloxacin. Iron or Zinc may decrease oral absorption of ofloxacin.

Like other imidazoles, Ornidazole has a mild potential to cause disulfiramlike reactions. Concomitant administration of oral anticoagulants may increase the risk of haemorrhage due to diminished hepatic metabolism. Ornidazole has been reported to decrease the clearance of 5-fluorouracil.

Volume of Distribution

Data regarding the volume of distribution of clobetasole propionate are not readily available.

• 796 ± 185 L

Elimination Route

Twice daily application of clobetasol foam leads to a C_max of 59±36pg/mL with a T_max of 5 hours. Clobetasol cream showed an increase in clobetasol concentrations from 50.7±96.0pg/mL to 56.3±104.7pg/mL.

The absolute oral bioavailability of itraconazole is 55%, and is maximal when taken with a full meal.

Bioavailability of ofloxacin in the tablet formulation is approximately 98%

Half Life

Data regarding the half life of clobetasol propionate are not readily available.

21 hours

9 hours

Clearance

Data regarding the clearance of clobetasol propionate are not readily available.

• 381 +/- 95 mL/minute [IV administration]

Elimination Route

Corticosteroids are eliminated predominantly in the urine.

Itraconazole is metabolized predominately by the cytochrome P450 3A4 isoenzyme system (CYP3A4) in the liver, resulting in the formation of several metabolites, including hydroxyitraconazole, the major metabolite. Fecal excretion of the parent drug varies between 3-18% of the dose. Renal excretion of the parent drug is less than 0.03% of the dose. About 40% of the dose is excreted as inactive metabolites in the urine. No single excreted metabolite represents more than 5% of a dose.

Ofloxacin is mainly eliminated by renal excretion, where between 65% and 80% of an administered oral dose of ofloxacin is excreted unchanged via urine within 48 hours of dosing. About 4-8% of an ofloxacin dose is excreted in the feces and the drug is minimally subject to biliary excretion.

Pregnancy & Breastfeeding use

The safe use of Clobetasol Propionate during pregnancy & lactation has not been established.

Itraconazole is contraindicated in pregnancy. Breast feeding while receiving Itraconazole is not recommended.

Use in pregnancy: There are no adequate and well-controlled studies in pregnant women. This drug should be used during pregnancy only if the potential benefit justifies the potential risk to the fetus.

Use in lactation: It is not known whether Ofloxacin is excreted in human milk. Cautions should be taken when Ofloxacin eye & ear drops is administered during lactation.

Adequate clinical trials have not been conducted. Ornidazole should be prescribed only if the potential benefit justifies the potential risk to fetus/neonate.

Contraindication

Contraindicated in Cutaneous infections such as impetigo, tinea corporis and herpes simplex, Infestations such as scabies, Acne vulgaris, Hypersensitivity, Rosacea, Gravitational ulceration, Perioral dermatitis, Children under 1 year

Itraconazole is contraindicated in patients with known hypersensitivity to the drug or any ingredient in the formulation. Patients who have severe hepatic disease are not advised to take Itraconazole. It is not advisable to use the drug in patients taking rifampin, which appears to initially inhibit and then enhance the metabolism of Itraconazole.

It is contraindicated in patients who are hypersensitive to Ofloxacin or any other component of Ofloxacin (Eye/Ear Drops).

Ofloxacin tablet injection should not be used in-patients with known hypersensitivity to 4-fluoroquinolone antibacterials. It is contraindicated in-patients with a history of epilepsy or with a lowered seizure threshold. Ofloxacin is usually contraindicated in children or growing adolescents and in pregnant or breast feeding women.

Previous hypersensitivity to Ornidazole and to other nitroimidazoles. Ornidazole is contraindicated in central nervous system disorders, particularly in epilepsy or in peripheral neuropathy.

Special Warning

Use in Paediatrics: The drug may be used in paediatrics patients in appropriate dosage, but large quantities for prolonged period should be avoided. It is contraindicated in children less than one year.

Renal Impairment Intravenous: Severe: Contraindicated.

Renal Impairment:

• CrCl <20 and patients on haemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis: 100 mg 24 hrly following usual initial dose.
• CrCl 20-50: Reduce dose by half 24 hrly following usual initial dose.

Hepatic Impairment:Severe: Reduce dose. Max: 400 mg daily

Acute Overdose

Acute overdosage is very unlikely to occur. However, in the case of chronic overdose or misuse the features of hypercortisolism may appear.

Symptoms: Same with adverse reactions.

Management: Supportive treatment. May admin activated charcoal if necessary.

Symptoms: Confusion, dizziness, impairment of consciousness, convulsive seizures, GI reactions (e.g. nausea, mucosal erosions).

Management: Symptomatic and supportive treatment. Remove any unabsorbed drug by gastric lavage or admin of adsorbants and Na sulfate. Antacids are recommended for protection of gastric mucosa. Elimination may be increased by forced diuresis.

Renal Impairment Haemodialysis patients: Give a supplemental dose (50% of the usual dose) before dialysis.

Hepatic Impairment Severe: Double the interval between doses.

Storage Condition

Do not store above 30 0 C. Keep away from light and out of the reach of children. Do not freeze.

Protect from light. Store in a cool and dry place. Store between 15˚C and 30˚C.

Store between 15-30° C. Protect from light.

Store at room temperature and protect from light and moisture.

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