Jergens
Jergens Uses, Dosage, Side Effects, Food Interaction and all others data.
The wax obtained from the honeycomb of the bee. It consists primarily of myricyl palmitate, cerotic acid esters and some high-carbon paraffins. Beeswax is used as a stiffening agent in ointments and creams, and enables water to be incorporated to produce water-in-oil emulsions. It is also used as a coating in the manufacture of modified-release oral preparations
Isopropyl myristate is a moisturizer with polar characteristics used in cosmetics and topical medical preparations to ameliorate the skin absorption. Isopropyl myristate has been largely studied and impulsed as a skin penetration enhancer.
At the moment the primary usage for which isopropyl myristate is formally indicated is as the active ingredient in a non-prescription pediculicide rinse .
Isopropyl myristate is an emollient vehicle that is effective at enhancing the penetration of other medical agents that may be incorporated into the vehicle as active agents . In one study, a 50:50 isopropanol-isopropyl myristate binary enhancer synergistically increased the transport of estradiol across a two-layer human epidermis in vitro .
Mineral oil, or paraffin oil, is a mixture of higher alkanes from a mineral source, such as petroleum. Petroleum mineral oil is manufactured from crude oils by vacuum distillation to produce several distillates and a residual oil that are then further refined. During the modern refining process, aromatics are reduced by solvent extraction, catalytic hydrotreating, or hydrocracking. Unrefined or mildly treated mineral oils are classified as Group 3 carcinogens by the World Health Organizations, as chronic exposure to these aromatics including alkylated polycyclic aromatic compounds (PAC) can lead to skin cancer.
Mineral oil is a common ingredient in baby lotions, cold creams, ointments and cosmetics to treat and prevent dry, rough, scaly, itchy skin and minor skin irritations. It is also used as a mild laxative for human or veterinary uses.
Mineral oil blocks the loss of water from the skin allowing greater hydration of the epidermis .
Boric acid exhibits minimal bacteriostatic and antifungal activities . Boric acid is likely to mediate antifungal actions at high concentrations over prolonged exposures .
| Trade Name | Jergens |
| Generic | Aluminium Silicate + Sodium Borate + Mineral Oil + Beeswax + Isopropyl Myristate |
| Type | Lotion, Topical Cream, Topical Emulsion, Topical Foam, Topical Gel, Topical Kit, Topical Liquid, Topical Lotion, Topical Oil, Topical Ointment, Topical Pad, Topical Paste, Topical Soap, Topical Spray, Topical Stick |
| Therapeutic Class | |
| Manufacturer | Kao Brands Company |
| Available Country | India, United States |
| Last Updated: | September 19, 2023 at 7:00 am |
Uses
Beeswax is also characterized by several therapeutic properties of great interest to us; it is thought to be particularly effective in healing bruises, inflammation and burns. Recently, the interest of researchers has moved even on antimicrobial properties of beeswax although there are still few studies in the literature focused only on the action of beeswax. The few studies showed an antimicrobic effectiveness of beeswax against overall Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella enterica, Candida albicans and Aspergillus niger. A sterile preparation of white beeswax, hard paraffin, and isopropyl palmitate (Sterile Surgical Bone Wax) is used to control bleeding from damaged bone during surgery. It should not be confused with Aseptic Surgical Wax (BPC 1949), also known as Horsley's Wax , which contained yellow beeswax, olive oil, and phenol in a mercuric chloride solution and was used to control haemorrhage in bone or cranial surgery.
Isopropyl myristate is a polar skin moisturizer that is used to enhance skin penetration of drugs.
The primary medical indication for which isopropyl myristate is formally used as an active ingredient in a patient care product is as a non-prescription pediculicide rinse .
Mineral oil is not considered an active pharmacological ingredient in pharmaceutical preparations and so has no official indication. It is typically present in topical formulations as an emollient and occlusive agent .
No FDA- or EMA-approved therapeutic indications on its own.
Jergens is also used to associated treatment for these conditions: Head Lice InfestationConstipationConjunctivitis, Stye, Ulceration of the mouth, Oral Hygiene, Irrigation of the ocular surface therapy
How Jergens works
As a pediculicide, isopropyl myristate is capable of physically coating the exoskeleton bodies of lice . This physical coating subsequently immobilizes the lice and works to dissolve the wax covering on the insect exoskeleton and blocks the insects' airways, leading to death by dehydration . Although this physical action of isopropyl myristate results in little lice resistance (given the lack of immunologic or chemical activity in this mechanism of action), the substance is also not ovicidal, which means any eggs that may have been laid by lice would not be affected . Moreover, isopropyl myristate is capable of eliciting its pediculicide action in a contact time of only 10 minutes per each necessary administration .
Mineral oil sits on the surface of the skin and in spaces between cells and provides a hydrophobic barrier . This barrier prevents trans-epidermal water loss to trap water in the skin. Overall this leads to greater hydration, flexibility, and softness of the stratum corneum.
Information regarding the mechanism of action of boric acid in mediating its antibacterial or antifungal actions is limited. Boric acid inhibits biofilm formation and hyphal transformation of Candida albicans, which are critical virulence factors . In addition, arrest of fungal growth was observed with the treatment of boric acid .
Toxicity
Readily available information regarding the pharmacokinetics of isopropyl myristate is not available .
The acute oral LD50 in rats is 4500-5000 mg/kg and the intradermal LD50 in rabbits is 10,000 mg/kg. Individuals are likely to be exposed to boric acid from industrial manufacturing or processing. Local tissue injury from boric acid exposure is likely due to caustic effects. Systemic effects from boric acid poisoning usually occur from multiple exposures over a period of days and involve gastrointestinal, dermal, CNS, and renal manifestations. Gastrointestinal toxicity include persistent nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, epigastric pain, hematemesis, and blue-green discoloration of the feces and vomit . Following the onset of GI symptoms, a characteristic intense generalized erythroderma follows . Management of mild to moderate toxicity should be supportive. In case of severe toxicity, dialysis may be required in addition to supportive treatment.
Volume of Distribution
Readily available information regarding the pharmacokinetics of isopropyl myristate is not available .
Volume of distribution ranges from 0.17 to 0.5 L/kg in humans, where large amounts of boric acid are localized in brain, liver, and kidney .
Elimination Route
Dermal absorption of isopropyl myristate is predicated to be 0.00020 mg/cm2/event, which is considered a very low absorption rate . In a study, topically applied isopropyl myristate was largely retained in the stratum corneum . It was not detected in the receptor fluid of flow-through diffusion cells in in-vitro skin permeation experiments using human epidermis (stratum corneum and viable epidermis) and dermis of varying thickness .
Boric acid is well absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract, open wounds, and serous cavities but displays limited absorption in intact skin . Following intraperitoneal injection in mice, the peak concentration was reached in about 1.0-1.5 hr in the brain whereas the value was 0.5 hr in other tissues .
Half Life
Readily available information regarding the pharmacokinetics of isopropyl myristate is not available .
According to human cases of poisoning, the elimination half-life of boric acid ranges from 13 to 24 hours .
Clearance
Readily available information regarding the pharmacokinetics of isopropyl myristate is not available .
A case report of acute boric acid poisoning following oral ingestion of 21 g of boric acid presents the total body clearance of 0.99 L/h before hemodialysis .
Elimination Route
Readily available information regarding the pharmacokinetics of isopropyl myristate is not available .
Regardless the route of administration, boric acid predominantly undergoes rapid renal excretion of >90% of total administered dose as unchanged form. Small amounts are also excreted into sweat, saliva, and feces. Following administration as ointment, urinary excretion of boric acid accounted for only 1% of the administered dose .
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