Lemolate Gold Cough
Lemolate Gold Cough Uses, Dosage, Side Effects, Food Interaction and all others data.
Diphenhydramine is an antihistamine with anticholinergic and sedative effects. It competes with histamine for H1-receptor sites on effector cells in the GI tract, blood vessels and respiratory tract.
Diphenhydramine has anti-histaminic (H1-receptor), anti-emetic, anti-vertigo and sedative and hypnotic properties . The anti-histamine action occurs by blocking the spasmogenic and congestive effects of histamine by competing with histamine for H1 receptor sites on effector cells, preventing but not reversing responses mediated by histamine alone . Such receptor sites may be found in the gut, uterus, large blood vessels, bronchial muscles, and elsewhere . Anti-emetic action is by inhibition at the medullary chemoreceptor trigger zone . Anti-vertigo action is by a central antimuscarinic effect on the vestibular apparatus and the integrative vomiting center and medullary chemoreceptor trigger zone of the midbrain .
Terpin hydrate is an expectorant, commonly used to loosen mucus and ease congestion in patients presenting with acute or chronic bronchitis, and related pulmonary conditions. It is derived from sources such as turpentine, oregano, thyme and eucalyptus. It was popular in the United States since the late nineteenth century, but was removed from marketed medications in the 1990s after FDA stated that "based on evidence currently available, there are inadequate data to establish general recognition of the safety and effectiveness of these ingredients". Elixirs of terpin hydrate are still available to patients as prescription medications to be prepared by specialty compounding pharmacies.
It acts to facilitate the removal of mucus from the respiratory tract. It prevents the exacerbation of excessive mucus production and secretion due to airway bacterial or viral infections, asthma or chronic bronchitis. Expectorants like terpin hydrate change mucus consistency and make coughing more productive.
| Trade Name | Lemolate Gold Cough |
| Generic | Ammonium + Diphenhydramine + Sodium + Terpin Hydrate |
| Type | Syrup |
| Therapeutic Class | |
| Manufacturer | Morepen Laboratories |
| Available Country | India |
| Last Updated: | September 19, 2023 at 7:00 am |
Uses
Diphenhydramine is used for the treatment of followings:
- Seasonal, perennial, vasomotor rhinitis
- Urticaria, angioneurotic oedema, anaphylaxis
- Pruiritic conditions
- Premedication for emesis and motion sickness
- Miscellaneous like meniere's disease and parkinsonism
Terpin hydrate is an expectorant used to treat bronchitis, pneumonia, bronchiectasis, COPD, and infectious or inflammatory diseases of the upper respiratory tract.
Terpin hydrate is used in the treatment of acute and chronic bronchitis, pneumonia, bronchiectasis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, infectious and inflammatory diseases of the upper respiratory tract.
Lemolate Gold Cough is also used to associated treatment for these conditions: Allergic Rhinitis (AR), Allergic cough, Allergies, Anaphylaxis, Angioedema, Common Cold, Common Cold/Flu, Conjunctival irritation, Cough, Cough Variant Asthma, Cough caused by Common Cold, Eye allergy, Fever, Insect Bites, Insect Stings, Insomnia, Irritative cough, Itching of the nose, Itching of the throat, Motion Sickness, Nasal Congestion, Oral Mucositis, Pain, Parkinsonian Syndromes, Pollen Allergy, Productive cough, Pruritus, Rash, Rhinorrhoea, Sinus Congestion, Sinus headache, Skin Irritation, Sneezing, Sunburn, Symptoms of Acute Bronchitis Accompanied by Coughing, Upper respiratory tract hypersensitivity reaction, site unspecified, Urticaria, Dermatographism, Dry cough, Watery itchy eyes, Airway secretion clearance therapy, ExpectorantCough caused by Common Cold, Coughing caused by Bronchitis, Rhinorrhoea, Airway secretion clearance therapy
How Lemolate Gold Cough works
Diphenhydramine predominantly works via the antagonism of H1 (Histamine 1) receptors . Such H1 receptors are located on respiratory smooth muscles, vascular endothelial cells, the gastrointestinal tract (GIT), cardiac tissue, immune cells, the uterus, and the central nervous system (CNS) neurons . When the H1 receptor is stimulated in these tissues it produces a variety of actions including increased vascular permeability, promotion of vasodilation causing flushing, decreased atrioventricular (AV) node conduction time, stimulation of sensory nerves of airways producing coughing, smooth muscle contraction of bronchi and the GIT, and eosinophilic chemotaxis that promotes the allergic immune response .
Ultimately, diphenhydramine functions as an inverse agonist at H1 receptors, and subsequently reverses effects of histamine on capillaries, reducing allergic reaction symptoms . Moreover, since diphenhydramine is a first-generation antihistamine, it readily crosses the blood-brain barrier and inversely agonizes the H1 CNS receptors, resulting in drowsiness, and suppressing the medullary cough center .
Furthermore, H1 receptors are similar to muscarinic receptors . Consequently, diphenhydramine also acts as an antimuscarinic . It does so by behaving as a competitive antagonist of muscarinic acetylcholine receptors, resulting in its use as an antiparkinson medication .
Lastly, diphenhydramine has also demonstrated activity as an intracellular sodium channel blocker, resulting in possible local anesthetic properties .
Terpin hydrate improves mucociliary function by working directly on the bronchial secretory cells in the lower respiratory tract to liquify and facilitate the elimination of bronchial secretionsas well as exerting a weak antiseptic effect on the pulmonary parenchyma. It is thought to increase the amount of fluid in the respiratory tract, which increases the flow and clearance of local irritants and as well as reducing the viscosity of mucus .
Dosage
Lemolate Gold Cough dosage
Adult-
- Most allergic conditions: 25-50 mg three times a day with a further 50 mg at night.
Children-
- 1 to 5 years of age: 5 mg i.e., 2.5 ml of elixir 4 times a day
- More than 6 years of age: 10 mg i.e. 5 ml of elixir 4 times a day
Side Effects
Side effect includes sedation, dizziness, tinnitus, fatigue, ataxia, blurred vision, diplopia, euphoria, and epigastric discomfort.
Toxicity
Overdose is expected to result in effects similar to the adverse effects that are ordinarily associated with the use of diphenhydramine, including drowsiness, hyperpyrexia, and anticholinergic effects, among others . Additional symptoms during overdose may include mydriasis, fever, flushing, agitation, tremor, dystonic reactions, hallucinations and ECG changes . Large overdose may cause rhabdomyolysis, convulsions, delirium, toxic psychosis, arrhythmias, coma and cardiovascular collapse . Moreover, with higher doses, and particularly in children, symptoms of CNS excitation including hallucinations and convulsions may appear; with massive doses, coma or cardiovascular collapse may follow .
Although diphenhydramine has been in widespread use for many years without ill consequence, it is known to cross the placenta and has been detected in breast milk . This medication should therefore only be used when the potential benefit of treatment to the mother exceeds any possible hazards to the developing fetus or suckling infant .
Pharmacokinetic studies indicate no major differences in the distribution or elimination of diphenhydramine compared to younger adults . Nevertheless, diphenhydramine should be used with caution in the elderly, who are more likely to experience adverse effects . Avoid use in elderly patients with confusion .
The results of a review on the use of diphenhydramine in renal failure suggest that in moderate to severe renal failure, the dose interval should be extended by a period dependent on Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) .
After intravenous administration of 0.8 mg/kg diphenhydramine, a prolonged half-life was noted in patients with chronic liver disease which correlated with the severity of the disease . However, the mean plasma clearance and apparent volume of distribution were not significantly affected .
LD50=500 mg/kg (orally in rats). Considerable overdosage can lead to myocardial infarction (heart attack), serious ventricular dysrhythmias, coma and death.
Overdose can cause nausea, vomiting and abdominal pain.
Precaution
Caution should be exercised with patients in whom drowsiness is undesirable e.g., drivers, machine operators. Concomitant consumption of alcohol or central nervous system (CNS) depressants will potentiate drowsiness.
Interaction
Diphenhydramine administration significantly reduces the absorption of the antituberculous agent para-aminosalicyclic acid (PAS) from the gastrointestinal tract. CNS depressants may potentiate the sedative action of Diphenhydramine. Anticholinergic drugs may potentiate Diphenhydramine’s anticholinergic side effects.
Volume of Distribution
Diphenhydramine is widely distributed throughout the body, including the CNS . Following a 50 mg oral dose of diphenhydramine, the volume of distribution is in the range of 3.3 - 6.8 l/kg .
Elimination Route
Diphenhydramine is quickly absorbed after oral administration with maximum activity occurring in approximately one hour . The oral bioavailability of diphenhydramine has been documented in the range of 40% to 60%, and peak plasma concentration occurs about 2 to 3 hours after administration .
Half Life
The elimination half-life ranges from 2.4-9.3 hours in healthy adults . The terminal elimination half-life is prolonged in liver cirrhosis .
Clearance
Values for plasma clearance of a 50 mg oral dose of diphenhydramine has been documented as lying in the range of 600-1300 ml/min .
Elimination Route
The metabolites of diphenhydramine are conjugated with glycine and glutamine and excreted in urine . Only about 1% of a single dose is excreted unchanged in urine . The medication is ultimately eliminated by the kidneys slowly, mainly as inactive metabolites .
Pregnancy & Breastfeeding use
Category B: There are no adequate and well controlled studies in pregnant women using diphenhydramine hydrochloride. Therefore, diphenhydramine hydrochloride should be used in pregnancy only if clearly needed. Diphenhydramine hydrochloride has been reported to be excreted in breast milk and thus, use of diphenhydramine hydrochloride in lactating mother is not recommended.
Contraindication
Known hypersensitivity to Diphenhydramine Hydrochloride, Ammonium chloride is contra-indicated in presence of impaired hepatic or renal function.
Acute Overdose
Symptoms: Impaired consciousness; psychosis, seizures, antimuscarinic symptoms (e.g. mydriasis, tachycardia, tachyarrhythmias), resp failure, rhabdomyolysis; acute delirium with visual and auditory hallucination (topical).
Management: Supportive and symptomatic treatment. Convulsions and marked CNS stimulation may be treated with IV diazepam.
Storage Condition
Store between 15-30° C. Protect from moisture.
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