Linsol
Linsol Uses, Dosage, Side Effects, Food Interaction and all others data.
Glycerin is a hyperosmotic laxative, given rectally, which usually produces a bowel movement within 15 minutes to 1 hour. Hyperosmotic laxatives encourage bowel movements by drawing water into the bowel from surrounding tissues. This produces a softer stool mass and increased bowel action. These products are used for fast, predictable relief of occasional constipation.
Glycerin is commonly classified as an osmotic laxative but may act additionally or alternatively through its local irritant effects; it may also have lubricating and fecal softening actions. Glycerin suppositories usually work within 15 to 30 minutes.
Mannitol increases urinary output by inhibiting tubular reabsorption of water and electrolytes. It raises the osmotic pressure of the plasma allowing water to be drawn out of body tissues.
Chemically, mannitol is an alcohol and a sugar, or a polyol; it is similar to xylitol or sorbitol. However, mannitol has a tendency to lose a hydrogen ion in aqueous solutions, which causes the solution to become acidic. For this reason, it is not uncommon to add a substance to adjust its pH, such as sodium bicarbonate. Mannitol is commonly used to increase urine production (diuretic). It is also used to treat or prevent medical conditions that are caused by an increase in body fluids/water (e.g., cerebral edema, glaucoma, kidney failure). Mannitol is frequently given along with other diuretics (e.g., furosemide, chlorothiazide) and/or IV fluid replacement.
Inhaled mannitol has the possibility to cause bronchospasm and hemoptysis; the occurrence of either should lead to discontinuation of inhaled mannitol.
Trade Name | Linsol |
Generic | Mannitol + Glycerin |
Weight | 10% |
Type | Injection |
Therapeutic Class | |
Manufacturer | Linux Laboratories |
Available Country | India |
Last Updated: | September 19, 2023 at 7:00 am |
![Linsol Linsol](https://www.medicinesfaq.com/media/png/linsol.png)
Uses
For the relief of occasional constipation
Mannitol is principally used by IV infusion as an osmotic diuretic to preserve renal function in acute renal failure and to reduce raised intracranial and intraocular pressure. Mannitol is also used as an irrigating solution to prevent hemolysis and hemoglobin buildup during transurethral prostatic resection. It is useful in the management of acute drug poisoning where a route of elimination is through kidney. Besides these, it is also used in symptomatic relief of edema, reperfusion injury, termination of pregnancy, and bowel preparation. So, Mannitol is used for-
Renal insufficiency, Reperfusion injury, Raised intracranial pressure, Bladder irrigation, Raised intraocular presure, Bowel preparation, Edematous status, As a prophylactic in renal failure, Management of poisoning, Termination of Pregnancy
Linsol is also used to associated treatment for these conditions: Cold Sore, Constipation, Dry Mouth, Dry Skin, Dry throat, Edema of the cerebrum, Hypertension Intracranial, Occasional Constipation, Ocular Discomfort, Ocular Hypertension, Ocular Irritation, Skin Infections, Sore Throat, Mouth soreness, Ocular burning, Bowel preparation therapy, Topical Antisepsis, Skin protectionAcute Renal Failure (ARF), Cystic Fibrosis (CF), Edema of the cerebrum, Increased Intra Ocular Pressure (IOP), Bladder irrigation therapy
How Linsol works
When administered rectally, glycerin exerts a hygroscopic and/or local irritant action, drawing water from the tissues into the feces and reflexively stimulating evacuation. Glycerin decreases intraocular pressure by creating an osmotic gradient between the blood and intraocular fluid, causing fluid to move out of the aqueous and vitreous humors into the bloodstream.
Mannitol is an osmotic diuretic that is metabolically inert in humans and occurs naturally, as a sugar or sugar alcohol, in fruits and vegetables. Mannitol elevates blood plasma osmolality, resulting in enhanced flow of water from tissues, including the brain and cerebrospinal fluid, into interstitial fluid and plasma. As a result, cerebral edema, elevated intracranial pressure, and cerebrospinal fluid volume and pressure may be reduced. As a diurectic mannitol induces diuresis because it is not reabsorbed in the renal tubule, thereby increasing the osmolality of the glomerular filtrate, facilitating excretion of water, and inhibiting the renal tubular reabsorption of sodium, chloride, and other solutes. Mannitol promotes the urinary excretion of toxic materials and protects against nephrotoxicity by preventing the concentration of toxic substances in the tubular fluid. As an Antiglaucoma agent mannitol levates blood plasma osmolarity, resulting in enhanced flow of water from the eye into plasma and a consequent reduction in intraocular pressure. As a renal function diagnostic aid mannitol is freely filtered by the glomeruli with less than 10% tubular reabsorption. Therefore, its urinary excretion rate may serve as a measurement of glomerular filtration rate (GFR).
The exact mechanism of action of inhaled mannitol in the symptomatic maintenance treatment of cystic fibrosis remains unclear. It is hypothesized that mannitol produces an osmotic gradient across the airway epithelium that draws fluid into the extracellular space and alters the properties of the airway surface mucus layer, allowing easier mucociliary clearance.
Dosage
Linsol dosage
Children under 2 years: Consult a physician.
Children (2 to 6 years): only 1 Glycerin 1.15 suppository per 24 hours or as directed by a physician.
Adults and Children (From 6 years): only 1 Glycerin 2.30 suppository per 24 hours or as directed by a physician
Insert suppository well up into rectum. Suppository need to melt completely to produce laxative action.
The adult dose of Mannitol ranges from 50 to 100 gm by IV infusion. The rate of administration is usually adjusted to maintain a urine flow of at least 30 to 50 ml/hr. Total dosage, concentration and the rate of administration depends on fluid requirement, urinary output and the severity of the condition being treated
Renal insufficiency-
- Adults: 50 to 100 g of Mannitol administered at a rate adjusted to maintain a urine flow of at least 30 to 50 ml/hr.
- Children: 2 gm/kg or 60 gm/m2of body surface area administered over a period of 2 to 6 hrs.
Cerebral edema, elevated intracranial pressure, elevated intraocular pressure, Glaucoma-
- Adults: 1.5 to 2 gm/kgadministered over a period of 30 to 60 minutes.
- Children: 1 to 2 gm/kg body wt. or 30 to 60 gm/m2 of body surface area administered over a period of 30 to 60 mins.
Adjunctive therapy for removal of toxic substances-
- Adults: 50 to 200 g of Mannitol administered at a rate adjust to maintain a urine flow of at least 100 to 500 ml/hr.
- Children: 2 gm/kg or 60 gm/m2of body surface area
For termination of pregnancy 50 gm of Mannitol (250 ml of Mannitol) is instilled into the amniotic cavity which induces abortion in a high proportion of pregnancies.
Side Effects
Glycerin when used rectally may cause rectal discomfort or a burning sensation
The most common side effects associated with Mannitol intravenous infusion is fluid and electrolytes imbalance including circulatory overload and acidosis at high doses. Other side effects include nausea, vomiting, thirst, headache, dizziness, fever, tachycardia, chest pain, hyponatraemia, dehydration, blurred vision, urticaria, and hypertension or hypotension.
Toxicity
Glycerol has very low toxicity when ingested ; Rat LD50 (oral)-12600mg/kg Mice LD50 (oral )-4090mg/kg Human TDLo (oral) - 1428mg/kg
Mannitol overdose may result in bronchoconstriction and should be counteracted using a short-acting bronchodilator and other symptomatic and supportive care, as necessary.
Precaution
Careful monitoring of rate of administration of Mannitol is necessary to avoid fluid and electrolyte imbalance and circulatory overloading. The infusion should be discontinued if the patient develops signs of progressive renal dysfunction, heart failure or pulmonary congestion. Mannitol should not be administered with whole blood.
Interaction
Increased nephrotoxicity with ciclosporin.
Volume of Distribution
Glycerin is distributed throughout the blood. Although glycerin generally does not appear in ocular fluids, it may enter the orbital sac when the eye is inflamed, with a consequent decrease in osmotic effect.
Mannitol administered intravenously has a volume of distribution of 34.3 L.
Elimination Route
Well absorbed orally, poorly absorbed rectally. Studies in humans and animals indicate glycerol is rapidly absorbed in the intestine and the stomach
Approximately 7% of ingested mannitol is absorbed during gastrointestinal perfusion in uremic patients.
Inhalation of 635 mg of mannitol powder yields a plasma Cmax of 13.71 μg/mL in 1.5 hours (Tmax) and a mean systemic AUC of 73.15 μg*h/mL.
Half Life
30 - 45 minutes
Mannitol has an elimination half-life of 4.7 hours following oral administration; the mean terminal elimination half-life is similar regardless of administration route (oral, inhalation, and intravenous.
Clearance
Intravenous administration of mannitol yields a total clearance of 5.1 L/hr and renal clearance of 4.4 L/hr.
Elimination Route
Approx 7-14% of dose is excreted unchanged in the urine within 2.5 hr.
Mannitol is primarily excreted unchanged in the urine. Following oral inhalation of 635 mg of mannitol in healthy volunteers, 55% of the total dose was recovered unchanged in the urine; following oral or intravenous administration of 500 mg, the corresponding values were 54 and 87%, respectively.
Pregnancy & Breastfeeding use
Pregnancy category C. There are no controlled data in human pregnancy
Safety of Mannitol intravenous infusion in pregnancy has not been established yet. No information is available on the excretion of mannitol in breast milk and should be administered after careful consideration of risk-benefit ratio.
Contraindication
Sensitivity to the ingredients. Do not use unless the patient to be treated is, in fact, constipated.
Mannitol intravenous infusion is contraindicated in patients with pulmonary edema or congestive heart failure. It is also contraindicated during inadequate urine flow, dehydration or acidosis, intracranial bleeding and in patients with renal failure unless a test dose has produced a diuretic response
Storage Condition
Store below 25° C. Protect from moisture.
Mannitol should be stored at a temperature of 20° to 30°. Exposure to lower temperatures may cause deposition of crystals, which should be dissolved by warming the bottle in hot water for about 30 minutes. Cool to body temperature before using. If all crystals can not be dissolved, the solution should not be used. The content of open containers should be used promptly. Unused contents should be discarded.
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