Livertox
Livertox Uses, Dosage, Side Effects, Food Interaction and all others data.
Livertox Hydrochloride is a phenylpropylamine derivative antidepressant for oral administration, it is chemically unrelated to tricyclic, tetracycline or other available antidepressants.
Livertox has been shown to selectively inhibit the reuptake of serotonin (5-HT) at the presynaptic neuronal membrane which causes increased synaptic concentration of serotonin in the CNS. This results in numerous functional changes associated with enhanced serotonergic neurotransmission.
Livertox appears to have no effect on the reuptake of norepinephrine and dopamine and does not exhibit antihistaminic or alpha1 adrenergic blocking activity at usual therapeutic doses.
Livertox blocks the serotonin reuptake transporter in the presynaptic terminal, which ultimately results in sustained levels of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) in certain brain areas. However, fluoxetine binds with relatively poor affinity to 5-HT, dopaminergic, adrenergic, cholinergic, muscarinic, and histamine receptors which explains why it has a far more desirable adverse effect profile compared to earlier developed classes of antidepressants such as tricyclic antidepressants.
Trade Name | Livertox |
Availability | Prescription only |
Generic | Fluoxetine |
Fluoxetine Other Names | Fluoxetin, Fluoxetina, Fluoxétine, Fluoxetine, Fluoxetinum |
Related Drugs | Rexulti, sertraline, trazodone, alprazolam, clonazepam, Lexapro, amitriptyline, venlafaxine, Zoloft, citalopram |
Type | |
Formula | C17H18F3NO |
Weight | Average: 309.3261 Monoisotopic: 309.134048818 |
Protein binding | Approximately 94% of fluoxetine is plasma protein bound. |
Groups | Approved, Vet approved |
Therapeutic Class | Phenothiazine related drugs |
Manufacturer | |
Available Country | Chile |
Last Updated: | September 19, 2023 at 7:00 am |
Uses
Livertox is used for-
- Depressive illness
- Bulimia nervosa and anorexia nervosa
- Obsessive compulsive disorders
- Pre-menstrual syndrome
Livertox is also used to associated treatment for these conditions: Alcohol Dependency, Anorexia Nervosa (AN), BMI >30 kg/m2, Bulimia Nervosa, Cataplexy, Depression, Bipolar, Major Depressive Disorder (MDD), Myoclonus, Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD), Panic Disorder (With or Without Agoraphobia), Premature Ejaculation, Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder, Treatment Resistant Depression (TRD)
How Livertox works
The monoaminergic hypothesis of depression emerged in 1965 and linked depression with dysfunction of neurotransmitters such as noradrenaline and serotonin. Indeed, low levels of serotonin have been observed in the cerebrospinal fluid of patients diagnosed with depression. As a result of this hypothesis, drugs that modulate levels of serotonin such as fluoxetine were developed.
Livertox is a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) and as the name suggests, it exerts it's therapeutic effect by inhibiting the presynaptic reuptake of the neurotransmitter serotonin. As a result, levels of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) are increased in various parts of the brain. Further, fluoxetine has high affinity for 5-HT transporters, weak affinity for noradrenaline transporters and no affinity for dopamine transporters indicating that it is 5-HT selective.
Livertox interacts to a degree with the 5-HT2C receptor and it has been suggested that through this mechanism, it is able to increase noradrenaline and dopamine levels in the prefrontal cortex.
Dosage
Livertox dosage
Initial treatment: Recent studies suggest that 20 mg/day of Livertox may be sufficient to obtain satisfactory antidepressant response. Consequently, a dose of 20 mg/day administered in the morning is recommended as the initial dose.
A dose increase may be considered after several weeks if no clinical improvement is observed. Dosage above 20 mg/day, should be administered on a bid schedule (i.e. morning and noon) and should not exceed a maximum dose of 80 mg/day. As with other antidepressants, the full antidepressant effect may be delayed until 4 weeks of treatment or longer. As with many other medications, a lower or less frequent dosage should be used in patients with renal and/or hepatic impairment.
A lower or less frequent dosage should also be considered for patients, such as elderly, with concurrent disease or on multiple medication. A recommended maximum dose for elderly patients is 60 mg per day.
Maintenance treatment: It is generally agreed among expert psychopharmacologists that acute episode of depression requires several months or longer sustained pharmacologic therapy. Livertox is also used in dosage of 60 mg daily for the management of bulimia nervosa.
Side Effects
Gastrointestinal: Nausea, vomiting, dyspepsia, dry mouth, and diarrhoea.
Neurological: Anxiety, nervousness, insomnia/ drowsiness and fatigue.
Others: Excessive sweating, pruritus, skin rashes associated with liver, kidney and lung involvement. It has therefore been advised that Livertox therapy should be discontinued in any patient who develops a skin rash.
Toxicity
In a report that included 234 fluoxetine overdose cases, it was concluded that symptoms resulting from fluoxetine overdose were generally minor and short in duration. The most common overdose adverse effects included drowsiness, tremor, tachycardia, nausea and vomiting, and providing the patient with aggressive supportive care was the recommended intervention.
Despite this evidence, more severe adverse effects have been linked to fluoxetine ingestion although most of these reports involved co-ingestion with other substances or drugs as well as other factors. For example, there is a case report that details a patient who ingested 1400 mg of fluoxetine in a suicide attempt and as a result, experienced a generalized seizure three hours later. In a separate case, a 14 year old patient ingested 1.2 g of fluoxetine and subsequently experienced tonic/clonic seizures, symptoms consistent with serotonin syndrome, and rhabdomyolysis, although the patient did not experience sustained renal injury.
Precaution
As Livertox undergoes hepatic metabolism and renal excretion, it should be used with caution and in reduced doses in patients with impaired hepatic or renal function. Because of its epileptogenic effect, it should be used with caution in patients with epilepsy or a history of such disorders. Livertox may alter glycaemic control and therefore caution is also warranted in diabetic subjects. Depressed patients with suicidal tendencies should be carefully supervised during treatment. Livertox is not usually considered a suitable form of therapy for the depressive component of bipolar (manic depressive) illness as mania may be precipitated.
Interaction
May lead to serotonin syndrome with serotonergic drugs (e.g. triptans, TCAs, fentanyl, tramadol, lithium, buspirone, tryptophan). May increase risk of bleeding with aspirin, NSAIDs, warfarin and other anticoagulants. May increase plasma levels of phenytoin.
Potentially Fatal: May increase risk of serotonin syndrome with concomitant admin or within 14 days of MAOIs withdrawal. May increase the QTc prolonging effect of pimozide and thioridazine.
Food Interaction
- Avoid alcohol.
- Take with or without food.
[Moderate] GENERALLY AVOID: Alcohol may potentiate some of the pharmacologic effects of CNS-active agents.
Use in combination may result in additive central nervous system depression and
MANAGEMENT: Patients receiving CNS-active agents should be warned of this interaction and advised to avoid or limit consumption of alcohol.
Ambulatory patients should be counseled to avoid hazardous activities requiring complete mental alertness and motor coordination until they know how these agents affect them, and to notify their physician if they experience excessive or prolonged CNS effects that interfere with their normal activities.
Livertox Drug Interaction
Major: amphetamine / dextroamphetamine, amphetamine / dextroamphetamine, lisdexamfetamine, lisdexamfetamineModerate: aspirin, aspirin, pregabalin, pregabalin, metoprolol, metoprolol, cetirizine, cetirizineUnknown: omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, cyanocobalamin, cyanocobalamin, ascorbic acid, ascorbic acid, cholecalciferol, cholecalciferol
Livertox Disease Interaction
Major: depressionModerate: diabetes, hyponatremia, glaucoma, liver disease, mania, platelet function, QT prolongation, seizure disorders, SIADHMinor: renal dysfunction, weight loss
Volume of Distribution
The volume of distribution of fluoxetine and it's metabolite varies between 20 to 42 L/kg.
Elimination Route
The oral bioavailability of fluoxetine is 13
In a bioequivalence study, the Cmax of fluoxetine 20 mg for the established reference formulation was 11.754 ng/mL while the Cmax for the proposed generic formulation was 11.786 ng/ml.
Livertox is very lipophilic and highly plasma protein bound, allowing the drug and it's active metabolite, norfluoxetine, to be distributed to the brain.
Half Life
The half life of fluoxetine is significant with the elimination half-life of the parent drug averaging 1-3 days after acute administration, and 4-6 days after chronic administration. Further, the elimination half life of it's active metabolite, norfluoxetine, ranges from 4-16 days after both acute and chronic administration. The half-life of fluoxetine should be considered when switching patients from fluoxetine to another antidepressant since marked accumulation occurs after chronic use. Livertox's long half-life may even be beneficial when discontinuing the drug since the risk of withdrawal is minimized.
Clearance
The clearance value of fluoxetine in healthy patients is reported to be 9.6 ml/min/kg.
Elimination Route
Livertox is primarily eliminated in the urine.
Pregnancy & Breastfeeding use
Pregnancy: In animal studies, no teratogenicity or harmful effect was found. Because animal reproductive studies are not always predictive of human responses, Livertox should be used in pregnancy only if clearly needed.
Lactation: As Livertox is excreted in human milk, caution should be exercised when Livertox is administered to nursing women.
Contraindication
Livertox Hydrochloride is contraindicated in patients known to be hypersensitive to it.
Monoamine oxidase inhibitors: There have been reports of serious, sometimes fatal reactions (including hyperthermia, rigidity, myoclonus, autonomic instability with possible rapid fluctuations of vital signs and changes of mental status that include extreme agitation progressing to delirium and coma) in patients receiving Livertox in combination with monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs), and in patients who have recently discontinued Livertox and are then started on MAOIs. Some cases presented with features resembling neuroleptic malignant syndrome. Therefore, Livertox should not be used in combination with MAOI, or within 14 days of discontinuing therapy with MAOI. Since Livertox and its major metabolites have very long elimination half-lives, at least 5 weeks should be allowed after stopping Livertox and before starting MAOI.
Special Warning
Use in children: The use of Livertox in children is not recommended as safety and efficacy have not been established.
Acute Overdose
Symptoms: Nausea, vomiting, seizure, CV dysfunction ranging from asymptomatic arrhythmias to cardiac arrest (including ventricular arrhythmias and nodal rhythm) or ECG changes indicative of QTc prolongation to cardiac arrest, pulmonary dysfunction, signs of altered CNS status ranging from excitation to coma.
Management: Symptomatic and supportive treatment. May admin activated charcoal w/ sorbitol.
Storage Condition
Store between 20-25° C. Protect from light.
Innovators Monograph
You find simplified version here Livertox
Livertox contains Fluoxetine see full prescribing information from innovator Livertox Monograph, Livertox MSDS, Livertox FDA label
FAQ
What is Livertox used for?
Livertox is a type of antidepressant known as an SSRI (selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor). It is often used to treat depression, and also sometimes obsessive compulsive disorder and bulimia. It is used for the treatment of major depressive disorder, obsessive–compulsive disorder, bulimia nervosa, panic disorder, and premenstrual dysphoric disorder. brans also often prescribe Prozac to treat other types of anxiety as well.
How safe is Livertox?
It is considered safe and effective in treating depression, anxiety, and obsessive compulsive disorder, and bulimia. Adverse effects include an increased risk of suicidal thoughts in some younger people.
How does Livertox work?
Livertox works by blocking the absorption of the neurotransmitter serotonin in the brain.
What are the common side effects of Livertox?
Common side effects of Livertox are include:
- nervousness
- anxiety
- difficulty falling asleep or staying asleep
- nausea
- diarrhea
- dry mouth
- heartburn
- yawning
- weakness
- uncontrollable shaking of a part of the body
- loss of appetite
- weight loss
- changes in sex drive or ability
- excessive sweating
- headache, confusion, weakness, difficulty concentrating, or memory problems
Is Livertox safe during pregnancy?
Livertox is one of the safest antidepressants you can take during pregnancy .
Is Livertox safe during breastfeeding?
A safety scoring system finds Livertox use to be possible during breastfeeding, although others do not recommend its use. If the mother was taking Livertox during pregnancy or if other antidepressants have been ineffective, most experts recommend against changing medications during breastfeeding.
Can I drink alcohol with Livertox?
Alcohol can increase the nervous system side effects of Livertox such as dizziness, drowsiness, and difficulty concentrating. You should avoid or limit the use of alcohol while being treated with Livertox.
Can I drive after taking Livertox?
Livertox might be best to stop driving and cycling for the first few days of treatment until you know how this medicine makes you feel.
When should be taken of Livertox?
Livertox comes as a capsule to take by mouth. Livertox capsules, tablets, and liquid are usually taken once a day in the morning or twice a day in the morning and at noon. Livertox delayed-released capsules are usually taken once a week.
Can I take Livertox on an empty stomach?
Take Livertox once a day. You can take it with or without food. You can take Livertox at any time, as long as you stick to the same time every day. If you have trouble sleeping, it's best to take it in the morning.
How long does Livertox take to work?
It usually takes 4 to 6 weeks for Livertox to work.
How long does Livertox stay in my system?
Livertox stays in the body for 25 days after you stop taking it. Even then, the prescription is only 99 percent out of your system.
Can I take Livertox for a long time?
Livertox is safe to take for a long time. A few people may get sexual side effects, such as problems getting an erection or a lower sex drive. In some cases these can continue even after stopping the medicine. Speak to your doctor if you are worried.
Who should not take Livertox ?
You should not use Livertox if you are allergic to Livertox, if you also take Livertox. Do not use Livertox if you have used an MAO inhibitor in the past 14 days.
What happens if I miss a dose?
Take the medicine as soon as you can, but skip the missed dose if it is almost time for your next dose. Do not take two doses at one time.If you miss a dose of Livertox Weekly, take the missed dose as soon as you remember and take the next dose 7 days later. However, if it is almost time for the next regularly scheduled weekly dose, skip the missed dose and take the next one as directed. Do not take extra medicine to make up the missed dose.
What happens if I overdose?
Seek emergency medical attention.
Is Livertox safe for heart patients?
Livertox are considered lower risk antidepressants with minimal effects on the cardiovascular system.
When is Livertox contraindicated?
Livertox is contraindicated in those patients with Livertox hypersensitivity or hypersensitivity to any of the formulation components. Avoid abrupt discontinuation of any SSRI if possible.
Does Livertox make me sleep?
Livertox taken for depression or anxiety, can make you feel sleepy.
Can Livertox cause weight gain?
Livertox make gaining weight more likely.
Does Livertox cause hair loss?
Livertox can cause hair loss in a very small minority of patients.
Do Livertox damage my brain?
Livertox seem to cause permanent brain damage.
Can Livertox affect my fertility?
No, there isn't any data to suggest that anti-depressants affect female fertility.
Can Livertox affect my heart?
Livertox induced a statistically significant 6% decrease in heart rate, a 2% increase in supine systolic pressure, and a 7% increase in ejection fraction.
Is Livertox bad for my liver?
Livertox therapy can be associated with transient asymptomatic elevations in serum aminotransferase levels and has been linked to rare instances of clinically apparent acute liver injury.