Lizinna
Lizinna Uses, Dosage, Side Effects, Food Interaction and all others data.
Ethinylestradiol was first synthesized in 1938 by Hans Herloff Inhoffen and Walter Hohlweg at Schering. It was developed in an effort to create an estrogen with greater oral bioavailability. These properties were achieved by the substitution of an ethinyl group at carbon 17 of estradiol. Ethinylestradiol soon replaced mestranol in contraceptive pills.
Ethinylestradiol was granted FDA approval on 25 June 1943.
Ethinylestradiol is a synthetic estrogen that decreases luteinizing hormone to decrease endometrial vascularization, and decreases gonadotrophic hormone to prevent ovulation. It has a long duration of action as it is taken once daily, and a wide therapeutic index as overdoses are generally not associated with serious adverse effects. Patients should be counselled regarding the risks of thrombotic events.
Norgestimate was first described in the literature in 1977. It was developed by Ortho Pharmaceutical Corporation as part of an effort to develop new hormonal contraceptives with reduced adverse effects. It is commonly formulated with ethinylestradiol as a combined oral contraceptive that can also be used to treat moderate acne vulgaris.
Norgestimate was granted FDA approval on 29 December 1989.
Norgestimate is a progestin that suppresses ovulation for contraception and reduces free testosterone to treat moderate acne vulgaris. The therapeutic index is wide as overdoses are rare. Patients should be counselled regarding the risk of vascular problems, liver disease, hypertension, metabolic effects, headaches, and bleeding irregularities.
| Trade Name | Lizinna |
| Generic | norgestimate + ethinylestradiol |
| Type | Tablet |
| Therapeutic Class | |
| Manufacturer | Morningside Healthcare Ltd |
| Available Country | United Kingdom |
| Last Updated: | September 19, 2023 at 7:00 am |
Uses
Ethinylestradiol is an estradiol used as a contraceptive.
Ethinylestradiol is combined with other drugs for use as a contraceptive, premenstrual dysphoric disorder, moderate acne, moderate to severe vasomotor symptoms of menopause, prevention of postmenopausal osteoporosis.
Norgestimate is a progesterone used as a contraceptive and to treat acne vulgaris.
Norgestimate is formulated with ethinylestradiol as a combined oral contraceptive. It can also be given with low dose ethinylestradiol for contraception as well as the treatment of moderate acne vulgaris in women ≥15 years old.
Lizinna is also used to associated treatment for these conditions: Menopausal Osteoporosis, Mild to Moderate Acne, Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder ( PMDD), Moderate Acne vulgaris, Moderate, severe, Vasomotor Symptoms caused by Menopause, Contraception, Folate supplementation therapyHypermenorrhea, Idiopathic Hirsutism, Menstrual Distress (Dysmenorrhea), Postmenopausal Osteoporosis, Moderate Acne vulgaris, Moderate Menopausal Vasomotor Symptoms, Moderate Vulvovaginal atrophy, Severe Vasomotor Symptoms Associated With Menopause, Severe menopausal vulvovaginal atrophy, Oral Contraceptives
How Lizinna works
Ethinylestradiol is a synthetic estrogenic compound. Use of estrogens have a number of effects on the body including reduced bone density. Combined oral contraceptives suppress ovulation by suppressing gonadotrophic hormone, thickening cervical mucus to prevent the travel of sperm, and preventing changes in the endometrium required for implantation of a fertilized egg. Ethinylestradiol decreases luteinizing hormone, decreasing vascularity in the endometrium. It also increases sex hormone binding globulin.
Progesterone analogs like norgestimate decrease the frequency of gonadotropin releasing hormone pulses from the hypothalamus, decreasing follicle stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone. These actions prevent ovulation.
Norgestimate suppresses the hypothalamo-pituitary-axis, reducing androgen synthesis. It also induces production of sex hormone binding globulin, which decreases free testosterone. These actions together result in less testosterone being available to stimulate sebaceous glands, resulting in effective treatment of some forms of acne.
Toxicity
Female patients experiencing and overdose may present with withdrawal bleeding, nausea, vomiting, breast tenderness, abdominal pain, drowsiness, and fatigue. Overdose should be treated with symptomatic and supportive care including monitoring for potassium concentrations, sodium concentrations, and signs of metabolic acidosis.
Data regarding overdoses of norgestimate are rare. However, the majority of patients overdosing on oral contraceptives do not become seriously ill. Treat overdoses with symptomatic and supportive care.
Volume of Distribution
A 30µg oral dose has an apparent volume of distribution of 625.3±228.7L and a 1.2mg topical dose has an apparent volume of distribution of 11745.3±15934.8L.
Data regarding the volume of distribution of norgestimate are not readily available.
Elimination Route
A 30µg oral dose of ethinylestradiol reaches a Cmax of 74.1±35.6pg/mL, with a Tmax of 1.5±0.5h, and an AUC of 487.4±166.6pg*h/mL. A 1.2mg dose delivered via a patch reaches a Cmax of 28.8±10.3pg/mL, with a Tmax of 86±31h, and an AUC of3895±1423pg*h/mL.
Oral norgestimate has a Tmax of 0.5-2h.
On day 21 of cycle 3, 17-desacetylnorgestimate reaches a Cmax of 1.82ng/mL, with a Tmax of 1.5h, and an AUC of 16.1h*ng/mL. At the same time, norgestrel reaches a Cmax of 2.79ng/mL, with a Tmax of 1.7h, and an AUC of 49.9h*ng/mL.
Half Life
A 30µg oral dose has a half life of 8.4±4.8h and a 1.2mg topical dose has a half life of 27.7±34.2h.
Norgestimate is rapidly deacetylated. The active metabolites of norgestimate, 17-desacetyl norgestimate, has a half life of 12-30h, while norgestrel has a half life of 36.4±10.2h.
Clearance
Ethinylestradiol has an intravenous clearance of 16.47L/h, and an estimated renal clearance of approximately 2.1L/h. A 30µg oral dose has a clearance of 58.0±19.8L/h and a 1.2mg topical dose has a clearance of 303.5±100.5L/h.
Data regarding the clearance of norgestimate is not readily available.
Elimination Route
Ethinylestradiol is 59.2% eliminated in the urine and bile, while 2-3% is eliminated in the feces. Over 90% of ethinylestradiol is eliminated as the unchanged parent drug.
Norgestimate is 45-49% eliminated in urine and 16-49% eliminated in feces. Unchanged norgestimate is not detected in urine.
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