Macrosan
Macrosan Uses, Dosage, Side Effects, Food Interaction and all others data.
Macrosan interferes with cell metabolism and cell wall synthesis by inhibiting several enzyme systems including acetyl coenzyme A. It is bactericidal to most gram-positive and gram-negative urinary tract pathogens.
Macrosan interferes with vital processes in bacteria, which leads to their death. Macrosan rapidly reaches therapeutic concentrations in the urine and is also cleared rapidly.
| Trade Name | Macrosan |
| Availability | Prescription only |
| Generic | Nitrofurantoin |
| Nitrofurantoin Other Names | 5-Nitrofurantoin, Nitrofurantoin, Nitrofurantoin macrocrystal, Nitrofurantoin macrocrystalline, nitrofurantoina, nitrofurantoine, nitrofurantoinum |
| Related Drugs | amoxicillin, doxycycline, ciprofloxacin, cephalexin, ceftriaxone, levofloxacin, Augmentin, Keflex, sulfamethoxazole / trimethoprim, Bactrim |
| Type | |
| Formula | C8H6N4O5 |
| Weight | Average: 238.159 Monoisotopic: 238.033819309 |
| Protein binding | Nitrofurantoin could be up to 90% protein bound in plasma. |
| Groups | Approved, Vet approved |
| Therapeutic Class | Systemic Urinary Anti- infective |
| Manufacturer | |
| Available Country | Chile |
| Last Updated: | September 19, 2023 at 7:00 am |
Uses
Macrosan is specifically used for the treatment & prophylaxis of urinary tract infections when due to susceptible strains of Escherichia coli, Enterococci, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus saprophyticus and certain susceptible strains of Klebsiella and Enterobacter species.
Macrosan is also used to associated treatment for these conditions: Acute Cystitis, Urinary Tract Infection
How Macrosan works
Macrosan is converted by bacterial nitroreductases to electrophilic intermediates which inhibit the citric acid cycle as well as synthesis of DNA, RNA, and protein.
Dosage
Macrosan dosage
Tablet:
- Adults: 50-100 mg four times a day - the lower dosage level is recommended for uncomplicated urinary tract infections.
- Children: 5-7 mg/kg/day in four divided doses (contraindicated under one month of age). Therapy should be continued for one week or for at least 3 days after sterility of the urine is obtained.
- For long-term suppressive therapy in adults:a reduction of dosage to 50-100 mg at bedtime may be adequate. For long-term suppressive therapy in children, doses as low as 1 mg/kg per 24 hours, given in a single dose or in two divided doses, may be adequate.
SR Capsule:
- Adults and Children over 12 years: One 100 mg capsule every 12 hours for seven days.
- Genito-urinary surgical prophylaxis: One capsule twice daily on day of procedure and for next 3 days.
Suspension:
Children: 5-7 mg/kg/day in four divided doses (contraindicated under 1 month of age). The average dose of Macrosansuspension for pediatric patients can be calculated as follows:-
- For 7 to 11 kg Body Weight patient: ½ (2.5 ml) teaspoonfuls (4 times daily)
- For 12 to 21 kg Body Weight patient: 1 (5 ml) teaspoonfuls (4 times daily)
- For 22 to 30 kg Body Weight patient: 1 ½ (7.5 ml) teaspoonfuls (4 times daily)
- For 31 to 41 kg Body Weight patient: 2 (10 ml) teaspoonfuls (4 times daily)
Therapy should be continued for one week or for at least 3 days after sterility of the urine is obtained.
For long-term suppressive therapy in children, doses as low as 1 mg/kg per 24 hours, given in a single dose or in two divided doses, may be adequate.
Macrosan should be taken with food.
Side Effects
The most frequent clinical adverse events are nausea, headache, and flatulence. Other less occurred adverse events are diarrhea, dyspepsia, abdominal pain, constipation, emesis, dizziness, drowsiness
Toxicity
Symptoms of overdose include vomiting. In case of overdose, induce vomiting if it has not already occurred and increase fluid intake to promote urination. In extreme cases, nitrofurantoin can be removed from circulation by dialysis.
Precaution
If acute, sub-acute, or chronic pulmonary reactions occur, Macrosan should be discontinued. Antacid preparations containing magnesium trisilicate should not be taken while taking Macrosan
Interaction
Reduced excretion with probenecid or sulfinpyrazone. Absorption reduced by magnesium trisilicate. Antagonistic effects with quinolone antibacterials. Reduced effects with carbonic anhydrase inhibitors or urinary alkalinisers.
Food Interaction
- Take with food. Food decreases irritation and increases bioavailability.
Macrosan Drug Interaction
Moderate: bifidobacterium infantis / lactobacillus acidophilusUnknown: aspirin, diphenhydramine, ubiquinone, duloxetine, apixaban, omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, fluticasone nasal, pregabalin, metoprolol, polyethylene glycol 3350, mirabegron, acetaminophen / hydrocodone, levothyroxine, acetaminophen, cyanocobalamin, ascorbic acid, cholecalciferol, alprazolam, cetirizine
Macrosan Disease Interaction
Major: colitis, G-6-PD deficiency, hepatotoxicity, renal dysfunctionModerate: peripheral neuropathy, respiratory
Volume of Distribution
Data regarding the volume of distribution in humans is scarce but it has been reported as 0.46L/kg in dogs.
Elimination Route
Macrosan reaches a Cmax of 0.875-0.963mg/L with an AUC of 2.21-2.42mg*h/L. It is 38.8-44.3% bioavailable. Taking nitrofurantoin with food increases the absorption and duration of therapeutic concentrations in the urine.
Half Life
The half life of nitrofurantoin is 0.72-0.78h.
Clearance
The clearance of nitrofurantoin is 16.7-19.4L/h.
Elimination Route
27-50% of an oral dose is excreted in the urine as unchanged nitrofurantoin. 90% of the total dose is eliminated in the urine.
Pregnancy & Breastfeeding use
Pregnancy Category B. There are no adequate and well-controlled studies in pregnant women. This drug should be used during pregnancy only if clearly needed.
Macrosan has been detected in human breast milk in trace amounts. Because of the potential for serious adverse reactions from Macrosan in nursing infants under one month of age, a decision should be made whether to discontinue nursing or to discontinue the drug, taking into account the importance of the drug to the mother
Contraindication
Anuria, oliguria, or significant impairment of renal function are contraindications. This drug is contraindicated in pregnant patients at 38-42 weeks, during labor and delivery. Macrosan is also contraindicated in those patients with known hypersensitivity to Macrosan
Acute Overdose
Occasional incidents of acute overdosage of Macrosan have not resulted in any specific symptoms other than vomiting. Induction of emesis is recommended
Storage Condition
Store at 15-30° C
Innovators Monograph
You find simplified version here Macrosan
Macrosan contains Nitrofurantoin see full prescribing information from innovator Macrosan Monograph, Macrosan MSDS, Macrosan FDA label
FAQ
What is Macrosan used for?
Macrosan is an antibacterial medication used to treat bladder infections, but is not as effective for kidney infections. Macrosan is used to treat urinary tract infections.
How safe is Macrosan?
Macrosan is not suitable for everyone. To make sure it's safe for you, tell your doctor if you have: ever had an allergic reaction to nitrofurantoin or any other medicines in the past. Macrosan is effective in the prevention of UTI. Its use may be associated with increased non-severe adverse effects; severe adverse effects occur infrequently. The risk of severe toxicity seems to increase with the duration of Macrosan prophylaxis.
How does Macrosan work?
Macrosan works by killing bacteria or preventing their growth. Macrosan kills the bacteria by entering their cells and damaging their genetic material.
What are the common side effects of Macrosan?
Common side effects of Macrosan are include:
- feeling sick (nausea)
- being sick (vomiting) and diarrhoea.
- loss of appetite.
- headaches.
- dizziness or feeling sleepy.
Is Macrosan safe during pregnancy?
It's usually safe to take Macrosan during pregnancy . It's very unlikely that Macrosan is harmful during pregnancy. It goes straight into your pee, so very little of the medicine passes through to the unborn baby.
Is Macrosan safe during breastfeeding?
The use of Macrosan in breastfeeding mothers is generally safe, as only small amounts transfer into the breast milk.
Can I drink alcohol with Macrosan?
Yes, you can drink alcohol with Macrosan.
Can I drive after taking Macrosan?
Macrosan may cause you to become drowsy, so you should avoid driving when you are taking it. You should also stay away from operating heavy machinery.
When should be taken of Macrosan?
Macrosan take usually be first thing in the morning, at about midday, late in the afternoon, and at bedtime.
How many time can I take Macrosan daily?
Macrosan taken twice a day or 50mg taken 4 times a day.
How much Macrosan can I take daily?
The usual dose of Macrosan to: treat a urinary tract infection is either 100mg taken twice a day or 50mg taken 4 times a day. Severe infections may need a higher dose of 100mg taken 4 times a day.
How long does Macrosan take to work?
Macrosan should start working within three to five days, although it may take up to a week for symptoms to clear. Be sure to complete the full course of medication.
How long does Macrosan stay in my system?
Maximum urinary excretion usually occurs 4-5 hours after administration of macrocrystalline Macrosan. Macrosan has an elimination half-life of about 30 minutes or less.
Can I take Macrosan for a long time?
The Macrosan works as well as other long-term antibiotics for preventing recurrent urinary tract infections in women. However gastrointestinal side effects were more common in people on Macrosan.
Who should not take Macrosan?
You should not take Macrosan if you have severe kidney disease, urination problems, or a history of jaundice or liver problems caused by Macrosan You also should not take Macrosan if you are allergic to it, or if you have, severe kidney disease; a history of jaundice or liver problems caused by taking nitrofurantoin; if you are urinating less than usual or not at all; or if you are in the last 2 to 4 weeks of pregnancy.
What happens if I miss a dose?
Take the missed dose as soon as you remember. Skip the missed dose if it is almost time for your next scheduled dose. Do not take extra medicine to make up the missed dose.
What happen If I stop taking Macrosan?
If you stop taking the Macrosan suddenly or don't take it at all: Your urinary tract infection may not go away and may get worse. If you stop taking this Macrosan suddenly, the bacteria that caused your urinary tract infection could become resistant to this drug. That means it won't work for you anymore.
What happen If I suddenly stop taking Macrosan?
If you take too much: You could have dangerous levels of the drug in your body. Symptoms of an overdose of this drug can include: nausea. vomiting.
Can Macrosan affects my heart ?
Elderly patients are more likely to have age-related heart, which may require caution in patients receiving Macrosan.
Can Macrosan affect my kidneys?
Macrosan is a well-known cause of acute renal impairment from acute interstitial nephritis
Can Macrosan affects my liver?
Macrosan is currently one of the most common causes of drug induced liver injury. Liver injury from Macrosan can cause either an acute or chronic hepatitis-like syndrome.
What happens if I take Macrosan on an empty stomach?
If taken on an empty stomach, it may cause stomach upset.
