Melacyn

Melacyn Uses, Dosage, Side Effects, Food Interaction and all others data.

Ginkgo biloba extract contains a group of terpene lactones (notably, ginkgolides and diterpenes) and ginkgo flavone glycosides (notably, ginkgetin, bilobetin, and sciadopitysin) that have antioxidant and vasoactive properties. Most of the studies that investigate the effect of ginkgo biloba use the standardized extract of Ginkgo biloba (EGb) 761 (EGb761), which was developed by a German pharmaceutical company in 1964. EGb761 contains 6% terpene lactones and 24% flavonoid glycosides. Flavonoids include quercetin, rutin, kaempferol, and isorhamnetin. Lactones include ginkgolide A, ginkgolide B, ginkgolide C, bilobalide, and ginkgotoxin, a lactone that is structurally related to pyridoxine. Ginkgo biloba is an herbal plant that is now cultivated worldwide. It is originally native to China, and ginkgo biloba extract has been used in traditional Chinese medicine for centuries.

After its nootropic properties were discovered, ginkgo biloba has gained attention as a therapeutic ingredient for memory and concentration enhancement in cognitive impairment and neurogenerative diseases, such as dementia. Ginkgo biloba was investigated in preliminary studies for a variety of therapeutic purposes such as improving cardiovascular health, sexual dysfunction, psychiatric disorders, skin disorders, and glaucoma. Ginkgo biloba is found in a number of homeopathic and over-the-counter herbal products and dietary supplements, but it has no approved therapeutic indications by regulatory bodies, such as the FDA, EMA, and Health Canada. Ginkgo folium, the leaf extract of Ginkgo biloba, is considered an anti-dementia drug by the World Health Organization.

Ginkgo biloba is a herbal ingredient with demonstrated antioxidant, vasoactive, antiapoptotic, anti-inflammatory, antiplatelet, and fibrinolytic properties. Ginkgo biloba has been investigated for use in a variety of medical conditions, but the most extensively studied area is in the context of cognitive impairment and neurodegenerative disorders. Ginkgo biloba was examined as a potential nootropic agent or cognitive enhancer but research findings supporting the therapeutic efficacy of ginkgo biloba extract (EGb) in dementia remain controversial. Some clinical studies of dementia that were up to one year long showed that EGb improves the cognitive performance and social functioning of patients. However, other studies did not support its clinical benefit for patients with cognitive impairment and dementia. Numerous meta-analysis studies showed insufficient evidence of the effectiveness of EGb in reducing both all-cause dementia incidence and Alzheimer's disease-associated dementia incidence in elderly patients with normal cognition or with mild cognitive impairment. Additionally, there is no up-to-date evidence that demonstrates the benefit of the long-term use of standardized EGb in reducing the risk of progression to Alzheimer's disease. A 2012 meta-analysis did not support the use of EGb in enhancing cognitive function in healthy adults.

Phenylalanine is an essential aromatic amino acid that is a precursor of melanin, dopamine, noradrenalin (norepinephrine), and thyroxine.

Used by the brain to produce Norepinephrine, a chemical that transmits signals between nerve cells and the brain; keeps you awake and alert; reduces hunger pains; functions as an antidepressant and helps improve memory.

Resveratrol (3,5,4'-trihydroxystilbene) is a polyphenolic phytoalexin. It is a stilbenoid, a derivate of stilbene, and is produced in plants with the help of the enzyme stilbene synthase. It exists as cis-(Z) and trans-(E) isomers. The trans- form can undergo isomerisation to the cis- form when heated or exposed to ultraviolet irradiation. In a 2004 issue of Science, Dr. Sinclair of Harvard University said resveratrol is not an easy molecule to protect from oxidation. It has been claimed that it is readily degraded by exposure to light, heat, and oxygen. However, studies find that Trans-resveratrol undergoes negligible oxidation in normal atmosphere at room temperature.

Resveratrol, a phytoalexin, has been found to inhibit herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2 (HSV-1 and HSV-2) replication in a dose-dependent, reversible manner, although this is only one of its many pharmaceutical properties. In some countries where there is higher consumption of red wine, there appears to be a lower incidence of heart disease. Other benefits of resveratrol include its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. In preclinical studies, Resveratrol has been found to have potential anticancer properties.

Ubiquinol (CoQH2) is a reduced form of coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) that acts as an active antioxidant that prevents the initiation and propagation of lipid peroxidation in biological membranes and human low-density lipoprotein (LDL). It plays an essential role in maintaining cellular defense against oxidative damage and also sustains the effects of vitamin E by regenerating the vitamin from the tocopheroxyl radical, but ubiquinol is not classified as a vitamin because it is synthesized by humans. There are varying concentrations of ubiquinol in foods, OTC products and dietary supplement products.

Zinc oxide is used to treat or prevent minor skin irritations such as burns, cuts, poison ivy, poison oak, poison sumac, and diaper rash. It is also used as a sunscreen.

Zinc oxide has astringent, soothing and protective properties and is used in topical preparations for eczema, slight excoriations, wounds and haemorrhoids. It also reflects ultraviolet radiation and can be used as a physical sunscreen.

Melacyn
Uses
Dosage
Side Effect
Precautions
Interactions
Uses during Pregnancy
Uses during Breastfeeding
Accute Overdose
Food Interaction
Half Life
Volume of Distribution
Clearance
Interaction With other Medicine
Contradiction
Storage

Trade Name	Melacyn
Generic	N Acetylcysteine + Phenylalanine + Ginkgo Biloba + Ubiquinol + Zinc Oxide + Vitamin B6 / Pyridoxine + Resveratrol + Cucumis Sativus Extract
Weight	100mg
Type	Tablet
Therapeutic Class
Manufacturer	Aldan Healthcare Pvt Ltd
Available Country	India
Last Updated:	September 19, 2023 at 7:00 am

Uses

Ginkgo biloba is a herbal supplement found in over-the-counter or unapproved homeopathic products for various health conditions, such as cognitive, neurodegenerative, cardiovascular, and reproductive health disorders.

Ginkgo biloba does not currently have any approved therapeutic indications, and there is insufficient evidence to support its unapproved use. It is available in over-the-counter herbal products mostly for oral use, to improve memory and cognitive problems.

Phenylalanine is an amino acid commonly found as a component of total parenteral nutrition.

L-phenylalanine may be helpful in some with depression. It may also be useful in the treatment of vitiligo. There is some evidence that L-phenylalanine may exacerbate tardive dyskinesia in some schizophrenic patients and in some who have used neuroleptic drugs.

Being investigated for the treatment of Herpes labialis infections (cold sores).

Zinc Oxide helps to To treat or prevent skin irritations (e.g., burns, bed sore, cuts, poison ivy, diaper rash). Protects chafed skin due to diaper rash and helps seal out wetness.

Melacyn is also used to associated treatment for these conditions: Cognitive Dysfunctions, Cognitive Function, DepressionAmino acid supplementationAcute Wounds, Burns first degree, Burns second degree, Dermatitis, Eczematous, Diaper Rash, Herpes Labialis, Injuries to the Nipple (Fissures and Cracks) Resulting Breastfeeding, Intertrigo, Pain, Pruritus, Sensitive Skin, Skin Irritation, Skin candida, Sunburn, Wounds, Chafing, Damaged skin, Dry, cracked skin, Facial rash, Heat rash, Superficial Wounds, Watery skin lesions, Astringent, Nutritional supplementation

How Melacyn works

Two key active ingredients in ginkgo biloba are terpene lactones (notably ginkgolides and diterpenes) and ginkgo flavone glycosides (notably ginkgetin, bilobetin, and sciadopitysin), which are present at varying concentrations. Ginkgo biloba extract EGb 761 is the standardized extract of ginkgo biloba used in studies, which contains 6% terpenoids and 24% flavonoid glycosides. Animal studies have shown that ginkgo biloba works on several neurotransmitter pathways and brain structures. Flavones were shown to inhibit lipid peroxidation; inhibit the uptake of serotonin, dopamine, and norepinephrine; and inhibit platelet aggregation. Terpene lactones may also act as potent antagonists of the platelet-activating factor and may possess anti-ischemic and fibrinolytic effects. They were also shown to downregulate adrenal peripheral benzodiazepine receptors and increase adrenocorticotropic hormone levels. Ginkgo biloba also reversibly inhibits monoamine oxidase A; and modestly inhibits anticholinesterase activity, leading to enhanced cholinergic transmission in the brain.

Several studies suggest that ginkgo biloba exerts neuroprotective effects by reducing free radical production in the prefrontal cortex, which may explain its improvement on short-term memory. Ginkgo biloba extract acts as a free radical scavenger, protecting neurons from oxidative damage and apoptosis related to aging, cerebral ischemia, and neurodegenerative disorders. Ginkgo biloba also inhibits amyloid-β neurotoxicity and protects against hypoxic challenges and increased oxidative stress. One study showed that bilobalide, a terpene lactone, delays the onset of hypoxic glycolysis. Ginkgo biloba has the potential to regulate metabolism, stabilize the membrane, and promote vasodilation. In the arterial endothelium, EGb stimulated the release of endogenous relaxing factors, such as endothelium-derived relaxing factor and prostacyclin. In the inflammatory environment that causes tissue damage, EGb promoted nitric oxide production, leading to enhanced peripheral and cerebral blood flow.

The supposed antidepressant effects of L-phenylalanine may be due to its role as a precursor in the synthesis of the neurotransmitters norepinephrine and dopamine. Elevated brain norepinephrine and dopamine levels are thought to be associated with antidepressant effects.
The mechanism of L-phenylalanine's possible antivitiligo activity is not well understood. It is thought that L-phenylalanine may stimulate the production of melanin in the affected skin

Resveratrol suppresses NF-kappaB (NF-kappaB) activation in HSV infected cells. Reports have indicated that HSV activates NF-kappaB during productive infection and this may be an essential aspect of its replication scheme [PMID: 9705914].

It acts by providing a physical barrier to prevent skin irritation and help heal damaged skin.

Dosage

Melacyn dosage

Apply thin layer topically every 8 hourly. Change wet and soiled diapers, promptly cleans the diaper area, allow to dry and apply ointment liberally as often as necessary, with each diaper change, especially at bedtime or any time when exposure to wet diapers may be prolonged.

Side Effects

Usually well tolerated. Extremely low frequency of hypersensitivity reaction.

Toxicity

Oral LD₅₀ of standardized extract in mice is 7730 mg/kg, which corresponds to 2300 mg/kg of active ingredients, 1900 mg/kg of flavone glycosides, and 464 mg/kg of terpene lactones. Intravenous LD₅₀ is 1100 mg/kg.

No case of overdose has been reported so far. Cyanogenic glycosides found in raw ginkgo seeds are potentially toxic compounds; thus, contact or ingestion of ginkgo seeds can lead to serious reactions such as allergic skin reaction, including acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis, and convulsions. Ginkgo toxicity can manifest as bleeding, seizure, and serotonin syndrome. As there is no known antidote for ginkgo toxicity, treatment includes discontinuation of ginkgo and symptomatic and supportive care. Seizures may be attributed to ginkgotoxin, which can cause seizures at high doses.

L-phenylalanine will exacerbate symptoms of phenylketonuria if used by phenylketonurics. L-phenylalanine was reported to exacerbate tardive dyskinesia when used by some with schizophrenia.

Acute oral toxicity (LD50): 7950 mg/kg [Mouse].

Precaution

For external use only. Avoid contact with the eyes. Stop use and ask a doctor if condition worsens or does not improve within 7 days. Keep out of the reach of children. If swallowed, get medical help or contact a poison control center right away

Volume of Distribution

No data available.

Intended for local use only, no systemic absorption.

Elimination Route

Studies assessed the pharmacokinetic parameters of terpene lactones, the main component of ginkgo biloba. Following oral administration of ginkgo biloba solution, the mean absolute bioavailability was 80% for ginkgolide A, 88% for ginkgolide B and 79% for biloalide. In an early rat study, about 60% of radiolabeled EGb 761 was absorbed with a T_max of 1.5 hours. The highest amount of radioactivity was measured in the stomach and small intestine.

In another study, after a single oral dose of 120 mg EGb 761 in healthy volunteers, C_max was 22.22 ± 4.57 ng/mL for ginkgolide A, 8.27 ± 1.82 ng/mL for ginkgolide B, and 54.42 ± 13.62 ng/mL for biloalide. AUC_0-∞ was 121.35 ± 22.92 ng × h/mL for ginkgolide A, 59.88 ± 11.39 ng × h/mL for ginkgolide B, and 217.24 ± 44.07 ng × h/mL for biloalide. T_max ranged from 1.17 to 1.54 hours for those three compounds.

Absorbed from the small intestine by a sodium dependent active transport process.

High absorption but very low bioavailability.

No significant percutaneous absorption from topically applied zinc oxide.

Half Life

Unpublished human data reports that after oral administration of 80 mg EGb 761, the half-life was four hours for ginkgolides A and six hours for ginkgolides B. The half-life of bilobalide was three hours after administration of 120 mg EGb 761 extract.

Intended for local use only, no systemic absorption.

Clearance

No data available.

Intended for local use only, no systemic absorption.

Elimination Route

At 72 hours following oral administration in rats, about 38% of the ginkgo biloba extract was excreted via expiration, 22% was excreted in urine, and 29% was excreted in feces. About 70% of ginkgolides A, 50% of ginkgolides B, and 30% of bilobalide were excreted unchanged in the urine.

Intended for local use only, no systemic absorption.