Melogra

Melogra Uses, Dosage, Side Effects, Food Interaction and all others data.

Meloxicam is an oxicam derivative which exhibits analgesic, antipyretic and anti-inflammatory actions. It reversibly inhibits the cyclooxygenase-1 and -2 (COX-1 and -2) enzymes, thus resulting in reduced synthesis of prostaglandin precursors.

Meloxicam is an anti-inflammatory, analgesic analgesic with antipyretic effects in fever. Prostaglandins are substances that contribute to inflammation. This drug also exerts preferential actions against COX-2, which may reduce the possible gastrointestinal effects of this drug.

In humans, meloxicam has demonstrated the ability to decrease erythrocyte sedimentation rate(ESR) in patients with rheumatoid arthritis, and to decrease ESR, C-reactive protein (CRP), as well as aquaporin-1 expression. As with other NSAIDS, prolonged use of meloxicum can result in renal or cardiovascular impairment or thrombotic cardiovascular events.

A note on gastrointestinal effects

Melogra
Uses
Dosage
Side Effect
Precautions
Interactions
Uses during Pregnancy
Uses during Breastfeeding
Accute Overdose
Food Interaction
Half Life
Volume of Distribution
Clearance
Interaction With other Medicine
Contradiction
Storage

Trade Name	Melogra
Generic	Meloxicam + Meloxicam
Weight	15mg, 75mg
Type	Tablet
Therapeutic Class
Manufacturer	Graha Farma
Available Country	Indonesia
Last Updated:	September 19, 2023 at 7:00 am

Uses

Meloxicam is used for Osteoarthritis, Rheumatoid arthritis, Ankylosing spondylitis

Melogra is also used to associated treatment for these conditions: Dental Pain, Neuropathic Pain, Osteoarthritis (OA), Pain, Inflammatory, Pauciarticular juvenile rheumatoid arthritis, Polyarticular juvenile rheumatoid arthritis, chronic or unspecified, Postoperative pain, Rheumatoid Arthritis

How Melogra works

Meloxicam inhibits prostaglandin synthetase (cylooxygenase 1 and 2) enzymes leading to a decreased synthesis of prostaglandins, which normally mediate painful inflammatory symptoms. As prostaglandins sensitize neuronal pain receptors, inhibition of their synthesis leads to analgesic and inflammatory effects. Meloxicam preferentially inhibits COX-2, but also exerts some activity against COX-1, causing gastrointestinal irritation.

Dosage

Melogra dosage

For Adults:

Osteoarthritis: 7.5 mg/day. If necessary, in the absence of improvement, the dose may be increased to 15 mg/day.
Rheumatoid arthritis: 15 mg/day. In elderly patients the recommended dose for long term treatment is 7.5 mg/day.
Ankylosing spondylitis: 15 mg/day. In elderly patients the recommended dose is 7.5 mg/day.

Do not exceed the dose of 15 mg/day. The total daily amount should be taken as a single dose. Patients with increased risks for adverse reactions should start treatment with 7.5 mg/day. In dialysis patients with severe renal failure the dose should not exceed 7.5 mg/day

For Children: The pharmacokinetics of Meloxicam in paediatric patients under 18 years of age have not been investigated.

Side Effects

Nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, dyspepsia, constipation or diarrhoea may occur. Ulcers or gastrointestinal bleeding may rarely occur. Skin rash, or urticaria may occur in some individuals. Oedema of the lower limbs may occur during treatment. Onset of an asthma attack has been reported in certain individuals allergic to aspirin or to other NSAIDs. Headache, vertigo or drowsiness may occur.

Toxicity

The oral LD50 in rats is 98 mg/kg. Signs and symptoms of overdose with meloxicam may include shallow breathing, seizure, decreased urine output, gastrointestinal irritation, nausea, vomiting, gastrointestinal bleeding, and black tarry stools. In the case of an overdose, offer supportive treatment and attempt to remove gastrointestinal contents. Cholestyramine has been shown to enhance the elimination of meloxicam.

Precaution

Patient with known CV disease or risk factors for CV disease, fluid retention or heart failure, history of GI bleeding or ulceration. Hepatic and renal impairment. Elderly. Pregnancy and lactation.

Interaction

Other NSAIDs, including high doses of salicylates: Administration of several NSAIDs together may increase the risk of ulcers and of gastrointestinal bleeding, via a synergistic effect.

Oral anticoagulants, heparin and ticlopidine: Increased risk of bleeding via inhibition of platelet function and damage to the gastroduodenal mucosa. Careful monitoring of the effects of anticoagulants is thus essential if it proves impossible to avoid such combined prescription.

Lithium: NSAIDs increase blood lithium levels, which may then reach toxic values.

Methotrexate: NSAIDs may accentuate the haematologic toxicity of methotrexate.

Intrauterine contraceptive devices: NSAIDs appear to decrease the efficacy of intrauterine contraceptive devices.

Volume of Distribution

The volume of distribution of meloxicam is 10-15L. Because of its high binding to albumin, it is likely to be distributed in highly perfused tissues, such as the liver and kidney. Meloxicam concentrations in synovial fluid, measured after an oral dose, is estimated at 40% to 50% of the concentrations measured in the plasma. This drug is known to cross the placenta in humans.

Elimination Route

The absolute bioavailability oral capsules after a dose was 89% in one pharmacokinetic study. Cmax was reached 5–6 hours after administration of a single dose given after the first meal of the day. The Cmax doubled when the drug was administered in the fasting state. Despite this, meloxicam can be taken without regard to food, unlike many other NSAIDS.

Meloxicam formulated for instillation with bupivacaine produced varied systemic measures following a single dose of varying strength. In patients undergoing bunionectomy, 1.8 mg of meloxicam produced a C_max of 26 ± 14 ng/mL, a median T_max of 18 h, and an AUC_∞ of 2079 ± 1631 ng*h/mL. For a 9 mg dose used in herniorrhaphy, the corresponding values were 225 ± 96 ng/mL, 54 h, and the AUC_∞ was not reported. Lastly, a 12 mg dose used in total knee arthroplasty produced values of 275 ± 134 ng/mL, 36 h, and 25,673 ± 17,666 ng*h/mL.

Half Life

The half-life of meloxicam is approximately 20 hours, which is considerably longer than most other NSAIDS. It can therefore be dosed without the need for slow-release formulations.

Meloxicam applied together with bupivacaine for postsurgical analgesia had a median half-life of 33-42 hours, depending on dose and application site.

Clearance

After an oral dose, the total clearance of meloxicam is 0.42–0.48 L/h. The FDA label indicates a plasma clearance from 7 to 9 mL/min. No dose changes are required in mild to moderate renal or hepatic impairment. The use of meloxicam in patients with severe renal or hepatic impairment has not been studied. FDA prescribing information advises against it.

Elimination Route

Meloxicam is mainly eliminated through metabolism. Its metabolites are cleared through renal and fecal elimination. Less than 10 About 1.6% of the parent drug is excreted in the feces.

Pregnancy & Breastfeeding use

Pregnancy: It is advisable to avoid the administration of Meloxicam during pregnancy.

Lactation: It is unknown whether Meloxicam passes into mother’s milk. Meloxicam should not be given to nursing mothers.

Contraindication

Meloxicam is contraindicated to patients hypersensitive to this drug. Meloxicam should not be given to patients who have developed signs of asthma, nasal polyps, angioneurotic oedema or urticaria following the administration of aspirin or NSAIDs. Meloxicam is contraindicated to patients with active peptic ulcer during the last six months or a history of recurrent peptic ulcer disease, severe hepatic failure, non-dialysed severe renal failure, gastrointestinal bleeding, cerebrovascular bleeding or other bleeding disorders.

Acute Overdose

Symptoms: Lethargy, drowsiness, nausea, vomiting, epigastric pain, GI bleeding; severe symptoms (e.g. HTN, hepatic dysfunction, resp depression, convulsions, CV collapse, cardiac arrest, coma, acute renal failure).

Management: Supportive and symptomatic treatment. Admin of activated charcoal 1-2 hr after ingestion.