Moxifenac

Moxifenac Uses, Dosage, Side Effects, Food Interaction and all others data.

Bromfenac 0.09% is a sterile, topical, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) for ophthalmic use. It works by blocking the effects of certain natural substances (prostaglandins) that cause pain and inflammation.

Bromfenac ophthalmic solution is a sterile, topical, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) for ophthalmic use.

Moxifloxacin is a synthetic broad spectrum, flouroquinolone derivative antibacterial agent. Moxifloxacin has in vitro activity against a wide range of Gram-positive and Gram-negative microorganisms. The bactericidal action of Moxifloxacin results from inhibition of the topoisomerase II (DNA gyrase) and topoisomerase IV required for bacterial DNA replication, transcription, repair and recombination.

Moxifloxacin is a quinolone/fluoroquinolone antibiotic. Moxifloxacin can be used to treat infections caused by the following bacteria: Aerobic Gram-positive microorganisms: Corynebacterium species, Micrococcus luteus, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus haemolyticus, Staphylococcus hominis, Staphylococcus warneri, Streptococcus pneumoniae, and Streptococcus viridans group. Aerobic Gram-negative microorganisms: Acinetobacter lwoffii, Haemophilus influenzae, and Haemophilus parainfluenzae. Other microorganisms: Chlamydia trachomatis.Moxifloxacin is bactericidal and its mode of action depends on blocking of bacterial DNA replication by binding itself to an enzyme called DNA gyrase, which allows the untwisting required to replicate one DNA double helix into two. Notably the drug has 100 times higher affinity for bacterial DNA gyrase than for mammalian. Moxifloxacin is a broad-spectrum antibiotic that is active against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria.

Moxifenac
Uses
Dosage
Side Effect
Precautions
Interactions
Uses during Pregnancy
Uses during Breastfeeding
Accute Overdose
Food Interaction
Half Life
Volume of Distribution
Clearance
Interaction With other Medicine
Contradiction
Storage

Trade Name	Moxifenac
Generic	Bromfenac + Moxifloxacin
Weight	0.09%
Type	Eye Drops
Therapeutic Class
Manufacturer	Pharmatak Opthalmics I Pvt Ltd
Available Country	India
Last Updated:	September 19, 2023 at 7:00 am

Uses

This medication is used to treat swelling (inflammation) and pain in the eye after a certain type of eye surgery (cataract surgery).

Moxifloxacin is used for the treatment of adults (>18 years of age) with infections caused by susceptible strains of the designated microorganisms in the conditions listed below-

Acute Bacterial Sinusitis caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus infuenzae or Moraxella catarrhalis.
Acute Bacterial Exacerbation of Chronic Bronchitis caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus infuenzae, Haemophilus parainfuenzae, Klebsiella pneumoniae, methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus or Moraxella catarrhalis
Community Acquired Pneumonia caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae (including multi-drug resistant strains), Haemophilus infuenzae, Moraxella catarrhalis, methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Mycoplasma pneumoniae or Chlamydophilia pneumoniae.
Uncomplicated Skin and Skin Structure Infections caused by methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus or Streptococcus pyogen.
Complicated Skin and Skin Structure Infections caused by methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae or Enterobacter cloacae.
Complicated Intra-Abdominal Infections including polymicrobial infections such as abscess caused by Escherichia coli, Bacteroides fragilis, Streptococcus anginosus, Streptococcus constellatus, Enterococcus faecalis, Proteus mirabilis, Clostridium perfringens, Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron or Peptostreptococcus species.

Moxifenac is also used to associated treatment for these conditions: Eye Pain, Ocular InflammationAcute Exacerbation of Chronic Bronchitis (AECB), Bacterial Conjunctivitis, Community Acquired Pneumonia (CAP), Plague, Postoperative Inflammatory Response, Sinusitis, Skin Infections, Ocular bacterial infections, Post-operative infection

How Moxifenac works

The mechanism of its action is thought to be due to its ability to block prostaglandin synthesis by inhibiting cyclooxygenase 1 and 2. Prostaglandins have been shown in many animal models to be mediators of certain kinds of intraocular inflammation. In studies performed in animal eyes, prostaglandins have been shown to produce disruption of the blood-aqueous humor barrier, vasodilation, increased vascular permeability, leukocytosis, and increased intraocular pressure.

The bactericidal action of moxifloxacin results from inhibition of the enzymes topoisomerase II (DNA gyrase) and topoisomerase IV. DNA gyrase is an essential enzyme that is involved in the replication, transcription and repair of bacterial DNA. Topoisomerase IV is an enzyme known to play a key role in the partitioning of the chromosomal DNA during bacterial cell division.

Dosage

Moxifenac dosage

One drop should be applied to the affected eye(s) once daily beginning 1 day prior to surgery,continued on the day of surgery and through 2 weeks after surgery.

The dose of Moxifloxacin is 400 mg once every 24 hours. The duration of therapy depends on the type of infection as described bellow-

In Acute Bacterial Sinusitis: Moxifloxacin 400 mg is given once daily for 10 days.
In Acute Bacterial Exacerbation of Chronic Bronchitis: Moxifloxacin 400 mg is given once daily for 5 days.
In Community Acquired Pneumonia: Moxifloxacin 400 mg is given once daily for 7-14 days.
In Uncomplicated Skin & Skin Structure infections: Moxifloxacin 400 mg is given once daily for 7 days.
In Complicated Skin & Skin Structure infections: Moxifloxacin 400 mg is given once daily for 7-21 days.
In Complicated Intra-Abdominal infections: Moxifloxacin 400 mg is given once daily for 5-14 days.

Moxifloxacin 400 mg IV infusion can be administered intravenously for the entire treatment duration. Alternatively, therapy may be initial intravenous administration, followed by oral administration when clinically indicated. The recommended duration of treatment for the indication being treated should not be exceeded. The solution for infusion should be infused intravenously over 60 minutes.

Side Effects

Abnormal sensation in eye, conjunctival hyperemia, eye irritation (including burning/stinging), eye pain, eye pruritus, eye redness, headache and iritis.

The following one or more side effects may be observed: tendinopathy and tendon rupture, QT prolongation, hypersensitivity reactions, Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea, peripheral neuropathy, photosensitivity, phototoxicity etc.

Toxicity

Symptoms of overdose include CNS and gastrointestinal effects such as decreased activity, somnolence, tremor, convulsions, vomiting, and diarrhea. The minimal lethal intravenous dose in mice and rats is 100 mg/kg.

Precaution

Bromfenac ophthalmic solution should be used with caution in patients with known bleeding tendencies or who are receiving other medications which may prolong bleeding time.Patients with evidence of corneal epithelial breakdown should immediately discontinue use of topical NSAIDs and should be closely monitored for corneal health.

Moxifloxacin should be discontinued at the first appearance of a skin rash or any other sign of hypersensitivity. Moxifloxacin should be discontinued if the patient experiences pain, swelling, inflammation or rupture of a tendon.

Interaction

No information provided.

No quinolone should be co-administered with any solution containing multivalent cations (e.g. magnesium) through the same intravenous line. Antacids, iron and adsorbents reduce absorption of Moxifloxacin. NSAID may increase the risk of CNS stimulation. Warfarin may increase the risk of bleeding.

Volume of Distribution

1.7 to 2.7 L/kg

Elimination Route

The plasma concentration of bromfenac following ocular administration in humans is unknown.

Well absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract. Absolute oral bioavailability is approximately 90%. Food has little effect on absorption.

Half Life

11.5-15.6 hours (single dose, oral)

Clearance

12 +/- 2 L/hr

Elimination Route

Approximately 45% of an oral or intravenous dose of moxifloxacin is excreted as unchanged drug (~20% in urine and ~25% in feces).

Pregnancy & Breastfeeding use

Pregnancy Category C. This drug should be used during pregnancy only if the potential benefit justifies the potential risk to the fetus.Caution should be exercised when Bromfenac ophthalmic solution is administered to a nursing mother.

Pregnancy Category C. Moxifloxacin is not recommended during pregnancy & lactation.

Contraindication

Bromfenac ophthalmic solution is contraindicated in patients with known hypersensitivity to any ingredients of the formulation.

Moxifloxacin is contraindicated in persons with a history of hypersensitivity to Moxifloxacin or any member of the quinolone class of antimicrobial agents and any component of this formulation.

Special Warning

Elderly: No adjustment of dosage is required in the elderly.

Children: Efficacy and safety of Moxifloxacin IV infusion in children and adolescent have not been established.

Acute Overdose

No information provided.

In the events of an acute overdose, the stomach should be emptied. The patient should be kept under observation and appropriate hydration should be maintained.