Myo-inositol

Myo-inositol Uses, Dosage, Side Effects, Food Interaction and all others data.

Myo-inositol is a collection of nine different stereoisomers but the name is usually used to describe only the most common type of inositol, myo-inositol. Myo-inositol is the cis-1,2,3,5-trans-4,6-cyclohexanehexol and it is prepared from an aqueous extract of corn kernels by precipitation and hydrolysis of crude phytate. These molecules have structural similarities to glucose and are involved in cellular signaling. It is considered a pseudovitamin as it is a molecule that does not qualify to be an essential vitamin because even though its presence is vital in the body, a deficiency in this molecule does not translate into disease conditions. Myo-inositol can be found as an ingredient of OTC products by Health Canada but all current product whose main ingredient is inositol are discontinued. By the FDA, inositol is considered in the list of specific substances affirmed as generally recognized as safe (GRAS).

Myo-inositol can stimulate glucose uptake in skeletal muscle cells which allows the decrease in blood sugar levels. This effect is later seen as a reduction in urine glucose concentration and indicates a decrease in high blood sugar levels.

In PCOS, the administration of inositol has produced the remission of symptoms as well as a reduction in male hormone secretion, a regulation of the cholesterol level, and a more efficient fat breakdown which allow to a significant reduction on body mass and appetite.

Myo-inositol
Uses
Dosage
Side Effect
Precautions
Interactions
Uses during Pregnancy
Uses during Breastfeeding
Accute Overdose
Food Interaction
Half Life
Volume of Distribution
Clearance
Interaction With other Medicine
Contradiction
Storage

Trade Name	Myo-inositol
Availability	Rx and/or OTC
Generic	Inositol
Inositol Other Names	Inositol, L-myo-Inositol, Meat sugar, meso-Inositol, myo-inositol
Related Drugs	acetylcysteine, biotin, Vitamin C, ascorbic acid, multivitamin, Zinc
Type
Formula	C₆H₁₂O₆
Weight	Average: 180.1559 Monoisotopic: 180.063388116
Protein binding	It is thought that inositol can be found bound to plasma proteins.
Groups	Approved, Investigational, Withdrawn
Therapeutic Class
Manufacturer
Available Country
Last Updated:	September 19, 2023 at 7:00 am

Uses

Myo-inositol is an ingredient found in a variety of nutritional products.

Myo-inositol may be used in food without any limitation. As a drug, inositol is used as a nutrient supplement in special dietary foods and infant formula. As it presents a relevant role in ensuring oocyte fertility, inositol has been studied for its use in the management of polycystic ovaries. Myo-inositol is also being researched for the treatment of diabetes, prevention of metabolic syndrome, aid agent for weight loss, treatment of depression, psychiatric disorder and anxiety disorder and for prevention of cancer.

How Myo-inositol works

The mechanism of action of inositol in brain disorders is not fully understood but it is thought that it may be involved in neurotransmitter synthesis and it is a precursor to the phosphatidylinositol cycle. The change that occurs in the cycle simulates when the postsynaptic receptor is activated but without activating the receptor. This activity provokes a fake activation which regulated the activity of monoamines and other neurotransmitters.

Reports have shown that insulin resistance plays a key role in the clinical development of PCOS. The presence of hyperinsulinemia can induce an excess in androgen production by stimulating ovaries to produce androgens and by reducing the sex hormone binding globulin serum levels. One of the mechanisms of insulin deficiency is thought to be related to a deficiency in inositol in the inositolphosphoglycans. The administration of inositol allows it to act as a direct messenger of the insulin signaling and improves glucose tissue uptake. This mechanism is extrapolated to its functions in diabetes treatment, metabolic syndrome, and weight loss.

In cancer, the mechanism of action of inositol is not fully understood. It is hypothesized that the administration of inositol increases the level of lower-phosphate inositol phosphates why can affect cycle regulation, growth, and differentiation of malignant cells. On the other hand, the formation of inositol hexaphosphate after administration of inositol presents antioxidant characteristics by the chelation of ferric ions and suppression of hydroxyl radicals.

Toxicity

Consumption of high doses of inositol is reported to only cause some gastrointestinal effects.

Food Interaction

No interactions found.

Volume of Distribution

The pharmacokinetic profile of inositol was studied in preterm infants and the estimated volume of distribution was reported to be 0.5115 L/kg.

Elimination Route

Myo-inositol is absorbed from the small intestine. In patients with inositol deficiency, the maximal plasma concentration after oral administration of inositol is registered to be of 4 hours. Myo-inositol is taken up by the tissues via sodium-dependent inositol co-transporter which also mediates glucose uptake. Oral ingestion of inositol is registered to generate a maximal plasma concentration of 36-45 mcg.