Nebistar Ln

Nebistar Ln Uses, Dosage, Side Effects, Food Interaction and all others data.

Cilnidipine acts on the L-type calcium channels of blood vessels by blocking the incoming calcium and suppressing the contraction of blood vessels, thereby reducing blood pressure. Cilnidipine also works on the N-type calcium channel located at the end of the sympathetic nerve, inhibiting the emission of norepinephrine and suppressing the increase in stress blood pressure.

Administration of cilnidipine has been shown to present an antisympathetic profile in vitro and in vivo. It decreases blood pressure safely and effectively without excessive blood pressure reduction or tachycardia.

Nebivolol is a β-adrenergic receptor blocking agent. Nebivolol is a racemate of two enantiomers, d-Nebivolol and l-Nebivolol. Nebivolol exhibits high selectivity for β1-adrenergic receptors and has vasodilating activity due to a direct action on the endothelium, involving nitric oxide release. It lacks intrinsic sympathomimetic and membrane-stabilising activity.

Nebivolol is a selective beta-1 adrenergic receptor antagonist that decreases vascular resistance, increases stroke volume and cardiac output, and does not negatively affect left ventricular function. It has a long duration of action as effects can be seen 48 hours after stopping the medication and a wide therapeutic window as patients generally take 5-40mg daily. Patients should not abruptly stop taking this medication as this may lead to exacerbation of coronary artery disease. Diabetic patients should monitor their blood glucose levels as beta blockers may mask signs of hypoglycemia.

Nebistar Ln
Uses
Dosage
Side Effect
Precautions
Interactions
Uses during Pregnancy
Uses during Breastfeeding
Accute Overdose
Food Interaction
Half Life
Volume of Distribution
Clearance
Interaction With other Medicine
Contradiction
Storage

Trade Name	Nebistar Ln
Generic	Cilnidipine + Nebivolol
Weight	10mg, 5mg
Type	Tablet
Therapeutic Class
Manufacturer	Lupin
Available Country	India
Last Updated:	September 19, 2023 at 7:00 am

Uses

Cilnidipine is used for the management of hypertension for end-organ protection. It is reported to be useful in elderly patients and in those with diabetes and albuminuria. Cilnidipine has been increasingly used in patients with chronic kidney disease.

Hypertension is the term used to describe the presence of high blood pressure. The blood pressure is generated by the force of the blood pumped from the heart against the blood vessels. Thus hypertension is caused when there is too much pressure on the blood vessels and this effect can damage the blood vessel

Nebivolol is used for the treatment of essential hypertension and adjunct in stable mild to moderate heart failure in patients over 70 years.

Nebistar Ln is also used to associated treatment for these conditions: High Blood Pressure (Hypertension)High Blood Pressure (Hypertension)

How Nebistar Ln works

Nebivolol is a highly selective beta-1 adrenergic receptor antagonist with weak beta-2 adrenergic receptor antagonist activity. Blocking beta-1 adrenergic receptors by d-nebivolol leads to decreased resting heart rate, exercise heart rate, myocardial contracility, systolic blood pressure, and diastolic blood pressure. The selectivity of d-nebivolol limits the magnitude of beta blocker adverse effects in the airways or relating to insulin sensitivity. Nebivolol also inhibits aldosterone, and beta-1 antagonism in the juxtaglomerular apparatus also inhibits the release of renin. Decreased aldosterone leads to decreased blood volume, and decreased renin leads to reduced vasoconstriction. l-nebivolol is responsible for beta-3 adrenergic receptor agonist activity that stimulates endothelial nitric oxide synthase, increasing nitric oxide levels; leading to vasodilation, decreased peripheral vascular resistance, increased stroke volume, ejection fraction, and cardiac output. The vasodilation, reduced oxidative stress, and reduced platelet volume and aggregation of nebivolol may lead to benefits in heart failure patients.

Dosage

Nebistar Ln dosage

5-10 mg once daily, increase to 20 mg once daily if necessary.

Adults: 5 mg daily, maximum recommended dose 40 mg once daily.

Renal Impairment: In patients with severe renal impairment the recommended initial dose is 2.5 mg once daily; titrate up slowly if needed.

Hepatic Impairment: In patients with moderate hepatic impairment, the recommended initial dose is 2.5 mg once daily; titrate up slowly if needed.

Geriatric Patients: It is not necessary to adjust the dose in the elderly.

Pediatric Use: Safety and effectiveness of Nebivolol in pediatric patients have not been established.

Side Effects

Dizziness; flushing; headache; hypotension; peripheral oedema; tachycardia; palpitations; GI disturbances; increased micturition frequency; lethargy; eye pain; depression; ischaemic chest pain; cerebral or myocardial ischaemia; transient blindness; rashes; fever; abnormal liver function; gingival hyperplasia; myalgia; tremor; impotence.

The most common side effects are headache, nausea and bradycardia.

Toxicity

The percentage of reports of cilnidipine that express drug toxicity reported as side effects are 5.26%.

Patients experiencing an overdose may present with bradycardia, hypotension, cardiac failure, dizziness, hypoglycemia, fatigue, vomiting, bronchospasm and heart block. Treat overdose with general supportive measures including intravenous atropine for bradycardia, vasopressors and intravenous fluids for hypotension, isoproterenol infusion for heart block, digitalis glycosides and diuretics for congestive heart failure, bronchodilators for bronchospasm, and intravenous glucose for hypoglycemia.

Precaution

Hypotension, poor cardiac reserve, heart failure. Sudden withdrawal may exacerbate angina. Discontinue in patients who experience ischemic pain following administration. Pregnancy, lactation.

Patients with inadequate cardiac function, well-compensated heart failure, myasthenia gravis. Patients undergoing major surgery involving general anaesth. May mask signs and symptoms of hypoglycaemia and hyperthyroidism. Abrupt withdrawal may exacerbate angina symptoms and/or precipitate MI and ventricular arrhythmias in patients with coronary artery disease. Pregnancy and lactation.

Interaction

Other antihypertensives; aldesleukin; antipsychotics that cause hypotension; may modify insulin and glucose responses; quinidine; carbamazepine; phenytoin; rifampicin; cimetidine; erythromycin.

Use caution when Nebivolol is co-administered with CYP2D6 inhibitors (quinidine, propafenone, fluoxetine, paroxetine, etc.), Do not use Nebivolol with other β-blockers, both digitalis glycosides and β-blockers slow atrioventricular conduction and decrease heart rate. Concomitant use can increase the risk of bradycardia, Nebivolol can exacerbate the effects of myocardial depressants or inhibitors of AV conduction, such as certain calcium antagonists (verapamil and diltiazem), or antiarrhythmic agents, such as disopyramide.

Volume of Distribution

Drugs on the group of dihydropyridines such as cilnidipine tend to have a large volume of distribution.

For a 20mg dose, d-nebivolol has an apparent volume of distribution of 10,290.81±3911.72L, l-nebivolol has an apparent volume of distribution of 8,066.66±4,055.50L, and both enantiomers together have a volume of distribution of 10,423.42±6796.50L.

Elimination Route

Cilnidipine presents a very rapid absorption with a maximum peaked concentration after 2 hours. Its distribution tends to be higher in the liver as well as in kidneys, plasma and other tissues. Cilnidipine does not present a high accumulation in the tissue after repeated oral administration.

Cilnidipine is reported to present very low bioavailability determined to be approximately 13%. This low bioavailability is suggested to be due to its low aqueous solubility and high permeability. Hence, efforts have been made in order to find an innovative formulation that can significantly improve the bioavailability of this drug. One of these formulations corresponds to the generation of polymeric nanoparticles which enhance the bioavailability by 2.5-3-fold.

The absorption of nebivolol is not affected by food. Nebivolol has a T_max of 1.5-4 hours. Bioavailability can range from 12-96% for extensive to poor CYP2D6 metabolizers. For a 20mg dose, d-nebivolol has a C_max of 2.75±1.55ng/mL, l-nebivolol has a C_max of 5.29±2.06ng/mL, both enantiomers have a C_max of 8.02±3.47ng/mL, and nebivolol glucuronides have a C_max of 68.34±44.68ng/mL. For a 20mg dose, d-nebivolol has an AUC of 13.78±15.27ng*h/mL, l-nebivolol has an AUC of 27.72±15.32ng*h/mL, both enantiomers have an AUC of 41.50±29.76ng*h/mL, and nebivolol glucuronides have an AUC of 396.78±297.94ng*h/mL.

Half Life

The half-life of the hypotensive effect for cilnidipine is of about 20.4 min.

d-nebivolol has a half life of 12 hours in CYP2D6 extensive metabolizers and 19 hours in poor metabolizers.

Clearance

For a 20mg dose, the clearance of d-nebivolol is 1241.63±749.77L/h, l-nebivolol is 435.53±180.93L/h, and both enantiomers is 635.31±300.25L/h.

Elimination Route

Cilnidipine gets eliminated through the urine in a proportion of 20% of the administered dose and 80% is eliminated by the feces.

In extensive CYP2D6 metabolizers, 38% is eliminated in the urine and 44% in the feces. In poor CYP2D6 metabolizers, 67% is eliminated in the urine and 13% in the feces. 5

Pregnancy & Breastfeeding use

No specific information about USFDA pregnancy category. Caution should be exercised during Cilnidipine use in pregnancy. Nursing mothers should consult a physician before taking Cilnidipine.

Pregnancy category C and not recommended during nursing.

Contraindication

Cardiogenic shock; recent MI or acute unstable angina; severe aortic stenosis.

Nebivolol is contraindicated in the following conditions: severe bradycardia, heart block greater than first degree, patients with cardiogenic shock, decompensated cardiac failure, sick sinus syndrome, patients with severe hepatic impairment, patients who are hypersensitive to any component of this product.

Acute Overdose

Symptoms: Bradycardia, hypotension, cardiac failure, dizziness, fatigue, hypoglycaemia, vomiting, bronchospasm, heart block.

Management: Symptomatic and supportive treatment. IV atropine may be given for bradycardia, if it persists, admin IV isoproterenol cautiously. For hypotension, admin IV fluids and vasopressors. IV glucagon may also be useful. A β2-agonist and/or aminophylline for bronchospasm. Admin IV glucose for hypoglycaemia and an IV cardiac glycoside and diuretic may be used for CHF.