Neomycin
Neomycin Uses, Dosage, Side Effects, Food Interaction and all others data.
Neomycin is a broad-spectrum aminoglycoside antibiotic drug that is derived from the metabolic products of Streptomyces fradiae. Neomycin is a complex comprised of three components, neomycin A, B, and C. Neomycin B, also known as framycetin, is the most active component of the complex and neomycin C is the isomer of neomycin B, making these two stereoisomers the active components of neomycin. Neomycin A, or neamine, is a moiety that conjoins two molecules of neomycin B and C together. Neomycin is active against both gram-positive and gram-negative organisms and mediates its pharmacological action by binding to bacterial ribosomes and inhibiting protein synthesis, which is crucial for the survival of bacteria.
Neomycin sulfate is the most common form for pharmaceutical preparations; because the compound is a complex, the amount of neomycin in products is measured in units. Neomycin sulfate as monotherapy is available in an oral solution for adjunct use in the treatment of hepatic coma. It is also used in combination with polymyxin B sulfates and hydrocortisone in otic suspensions for use in the treatment of bacterial infections in the external auditory canal, including infections caused by medical procedures in the ear. Neomycin is also used in combination with polymyxin B sulfates and dexamethasone in ophthalmic preparations for use in the treatment of inflammatory conditions and infections in the eye. Neomycin is also available in over-the-counter topical products to prevent minor skin infections.
Neomycin mediates its bactericidal action by inhibiting bacterial protein synthesis, thereby suppressing the growth and survival of susceptible bacteria. Following oral administration, the duration of bactericidal activity of neomycin ranged from 48 to 72 hours. By decreasing colonic bacteria that produce ammonia, neomycin was shown to be effective as an adjunctive therapy in hepatic coma to improve neurologic symptoms.
| Trade Name | Neomycin |
| Availability | Prescription only |
| Generic | Neomycin |
| Neomycin Other Names | Fradiomycin, Kaomycine, Neomicina, Neomycin, Vonamycin |
| Related Drugs | MiraLAX, loperamide, erythromycin, lactulose, bisacodyl, senna, polyethylene glycol 3350, Lomotil, Xifaxan, Dulcolax |
| Weight | 0.5%w/w, 5mg, , 400units + 3.5mg + 5000units/g, 125mg/5ml, 500mg, 400units + 10mg + 3.5mg + 10000units/g, 400units + 3.5mg + 10000units/g, 0.3% + 1% + 0.33% + 0.05%, 1mg + 3.5mg + 10000units/g, 1mg + 3.5mg + 10000units/ml, 0.025mg + 1.75mg + 10000units/ml, 1% + 0.35% + 10000units/ml |
| Type | Ointment, Topical Ointment, Topical, Oral Solution, Oral Tablet, Ophthalmic Ointment, Ophthalmic, Otic Suspension, Otic, Ophthalmic Suspension, Ophthalmic Solution, Otic Solution |
| Protein binding | Findings from protein binding studies suggest low protein binding profile for neomycin sulfate, which can range from 0-30% depending on test methods. |
| Groups | Approved, Vet approved |
| Therapeutic Class | |
| Manufacturer | Geofman Pharmaceuticals, Unichem Laboratories Ltd |
| Available Country | Pakistan, India, United States |
| Last Updated: | September 19, 2023 at 7:00 am |
Uses
Neomycin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic agent used orally and topically to treat a wide variety of infections in the body.
Oral neomycin sulfate is indicated as an adjunctive therapy in hepatic coma (portal-system encephalopathy) by reducing ammonia-forming bacteria in the intestinal tract. It is strongly recommended that oral neomycin is only used in infections that are proven or strongly suspected to be caused by susceptible bacteria to reduce the risk of the development of drug-resistant bacteria.
Neomycin, in combination with polymyxin B sulfates and hydrocortisone in otic suspensions, is used in the treatment of superficial bacterial infections of the external auditory canal caused by organisms susceptible to the antibiotics. This otic formulation is also used in the treatment of infections of mastoidectomy and fenestration cavities caused by organisms susceptible to the antibiotics.
The ophthalmic solution containing neomycin in combination with polymyxin B sulfates and dexamethasone is used to treat steroid-responsive inflammatory ocular conditions for which a corticosteroid is indicated and where bacterial infection or a risk of bacterial infection exists.
Neomycin is also used to associated treatment for these conditions: Acne pustular, Allergic Contact Dermatitis, Allergy Skin, Atopic Dermatitis (AD), Atopic Dermatitis (AD) of the external ear canal, Bacterial diarrhoea, Burns, Carbuncle, Cradle Cap, Dermatitis, Dermatitis, Contact, Dermatitis, Eczematous, Diarrhoea, Discoid Lupus Erythematosus (DLE), Ear infection bacterial, Ear infection bacterial caused by susceptible bacteria, Gastrointestinal Infections, Hepatic coma, Hidradenitis Suppurativa (HS), Hot Water Burns (Scalds), Impetigo, Impetigo contagious, Infantile Eczema, Infected Wounds, Infected skin ulcer, Infection of the outer ear caused by susceptible bacteria, Infectious diarrhea, Inflammatory Reaction caused by Acne, Intertrigo, Itching caused by Infection, Lichen Planus (LP), Localized Infection caused by susceptible bacteria, Nail infection, Neurodermatitis, Otitis Externa, Postoperative Wound Infection, Psoriasis Vulgaris (Plaque Psoriasis), Pustular Dermatosis, Radiodermatitis, Secondarily Infected Eczema, Secondary Bacterial Infection, Skin Burns, Skin Infections, Skin Infections, Bacterial, Skin Irritation, Skin Ulcer, Solar erythema, Abrasions, Blistering caused by Staphylococcus, Erythematous eruptions, Intertriginous erythema of the anogenital, Ocular bacterial infections caused by susceptible bacteria, Resistant to other corticosteroids Dermatosis, Susceptible Bacterial Infections
How Neomycin works
Like other aminoglycoside antibiotic drugs, neomycin inhibits bacterial ribosomes by binding to the 30S ribosomal subunit of susceptible bacteria and disrupting the translational machinery of bacterial protein synthesis. Bacterial translation is normally initiated by the mRNA binding to the 30S ribosomal subunit and subsequent binding with 50S subunit for elongation.
Toxicity
The oral LD50 of neomycin sulfate in mouse is > 8 g/kg. The subcutaneous LD50 is 200 mg/kg in rat and 190 mg/kg in mouse. The intraperitoneal LD50 in mouse is 305 mg/kg. The oral Lowest published toxic dose (TDLo) in woman is 12600 mg/kg/7D.
Because of low absorption, acute overdosage from oral neomycin is not likely to occur. However, prolonged administration of neomycin should be avoided because of the possibility of some systemic absorption and the risk of neurotoxicity, ototoxicity, and/or nephrotoxicity. Hemodialysis will remove neomycin from the blood. While nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity have been reported in otherwise patients without compromised renal function, the risk for developing these toxicities is increased in patients with renal impairment. Like other aminoglycosides, neomycin may cause fetal harm and total irreversible bilateral congenital deafness when administered in pregnant women.
Food Interaction
No interactions found.Neomycin Drug Interaction
Unknown: diphenhydramine, diphenhydramine, duloxetine, duloxetine, acetaminophen, acetaminophen, acetaminophen, acetaminophen, cyanocobalamin, cyanocobalamin, ascorbic acid, ascorbic acid, cholecalciferol, cholecalciferol, rifaximin, rifaximin, ondansetron, ondansetron, cetirizine, cetirizine
Neomycin Disease Interaction
Major: dehydration, neuromuscular blockade, ototoxicity, renal dysfunction, intestinal obstruction, colitis, GI inflammation
Volume of Distribution
The small fraction of absorbed neomycin is rapidly distributed in the tissues. The amount of systemically absorbed neomycin is reported to increase cumulatively with each repeated dose administered until a steady state is reached.
Elimination Route
Neomycin is poorly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract. Gastrointestinal absorption of the drug may be increased if inflammatory or ulcerative gastrointestinal disease is present.
Half Life
There is limited information on the half-life of neomycin.
Clearance
There is limited information on the clearance rate of neomycin.
Elimination Route
The small absorbed fraction of neomycin is excreted by the kidney. The unabsorbed portion of the drug is excreted unchanged in the feces.
Innovators Monograph
You find simplified version here Neomycin
