Nicodine
Nicodine Uses, Dosage, Side Effects, Food Interaction and all others data.
Nicodine is an iodophore with a powerful broad-spectrum germicidal activity against a wide range of bacteria, viruses, fungi, protozoa and spores. Microbicidal; oxidizes cell constituents; iodinates proteins and inactivates them.
Povidone iodine is a kind of iodine disinfectant which directly cause in vivo protein denaturation, precipitation of bacteria, and further resulting in the death of pathogenic microorganisms. Therefore, it is effective in disinfection and sterilization. It can kill viruses, bacteria, spores, fungi, and protozoa with low toxicity to human. Nicodine aqueous solution has strong pharmacological activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, syphilis, hepatitis B virus, HIV, and Trichomonas vaginalis.Povidone iodine gel is a gynecological topical semi-mobile colloidal agent made by povidone iodine and hydrophilic matrix. It is a system for maintaining its sustained release. Owing to the continuous release of free iodine, it can enable the skin and mucous membranes to maintain a certain effective concentration of iodine for killing bacteria. It is mainly used for gynecological vaginal infection. It exerted its effect through being miscible with vaginal secretions and further killing the inside pathogenic microorganisms, and thus blocking the spread of sexually transmitted diseases and invasion, as well as treating other infected vaginal diseases caused by other kinds of bacteria.
Published reports on the in vitro antimicrobial efficacy of iodophors demonstrate that iodophors are bactericidal, mycobactericidal, and virucidal but can require prolonged contact times to kill certain fungi and bacterial spores. Three brands of povidone-iodine solution have demonstrated more rapid kill (seconds to minutes) of S. aureus and M. chelonae at a 1:100 dilution than did the stock solution. The virucidal activity of 75–150 ppm available iodine was demonstrated against seven viruses. Other investigators have questioned the efficacy of iodophors against poliovirus in the presence of organic matter and rotavirus in distilled or tapwater. Manufacturers' data demonstrate that commercial iodophors are not sporicidal, but they are tuberculocidal, fungicidal, virucidal, and bactericidal at their recommended use-dilution.
| Trade Name | Nicodine |
| Generic | Povidone-iodine |
| Povidone-iodine Other Names | Iodopovidone, Povidone iodine, Povidone-iodine, Povidone, iodinated, PVP-I |
| Type | Solution, Ointment |
| Protein binding | To be used topical. No plasma protein binding reported. |
| Groups | Approved |
| Therapeutic Class | Iodine compounds (Anti-septic Preparations) |
| Manufacturer | |
| Available Country | India |
| Last Updated: | September 19, 2023 at 7:00 am |
Uses
Abrasion, Bed sore, Burns, Cuts, Decubitus or stasis ulcers, Leg ulcers and pressure sores, Pre-operative and post-operative skin cleansing, Pre-operative scrubbing & washing, Pre-operative skin disinfection, Pressure sores, Skin infections, Vaginitis, Wound and burn dressing, Wound and ulcer cleansing, Wound cleansing, Wound infection, Wound sepsis, Wounds
Nicodine is also used to associated treatment for these conditions: Skin Infections, Skin disinfection, Irrigation of the ocular surface therapy, Prepping of the periocular region, Prophylaxis of bacterial skin infections
How Nicodine works
Nicodine is called iodophore which means povidone acts as a carrier of iodine. Iodine is considered as the active moiety that mediates microbicidal actions. When released from the complex, free iodine (I2) penetrates the cell wall of microorganisms quickly, and the lethal effects are believed to result from disruption of protein and nucleic acid structure and synthesis. While the full mechanism of action is not fully elucidated, iodine is thought to inhibit vital bacterial cellular mechanisms and structures, and oxidizes nucleotides fatty or amino acids in bacterial cell membranes . Additionally, free iodine disrupts the function of the cytosolic enzymes involved in the respiratory chain, causing them to become denatured and deactivated . In vitro evidence suggests that iodine also counteracts inflammation elicited by both pathogens and the host response via multifactorial effects. In hosts, povidone-iodine was demonstrated to modulate the redox potential, inhibit the release of inflammatory mediators such as TNF-α and β-galactosidase, inhibit metalloproteinase production, and potentiate the healing signals from pro-inflammatory cytokines by activation of monocytes, T-lymphocytes, and macrophages, in vitro .
Dosage
Nicodine dosage
Pre-operative scrubbing & washing: Wet hands with water, then pour 5 ml of solution onto the palm and spread over both the hands, rub the scrub over the entire area for about 2 mintues, add water to develope copious suds, rinse throughly under running water.
Pre- and post-operative skin cleansing: After the skin is shaved and wet with water, apply surgical scrub & rub throughly for minimum 2 mintues, rinse of with the sterile gauze saturated with water.
Side Effects
Local skin irritation and sensitivity. Application to large areas of denuded skin may produce systemic effects due to iodine absorption.The application of povidone iodine to large wounds or severe burns may producesystemic adverse effectssuch as metabolic acidosis, hypernatraemia and impairment of renal function.
Toxicity
ORAL (LD50): Acute: 8000 mg/kg [Rat]. 8100 mg/kg [Mouse]
Precaution
Avoid contact with eyes; should not be used under occlusive dressing. Pregnancy, lactation
Food Interaction
No interactions found.Volume of Distribution
Povidone-Iodine is intended for topical application and has no volume of distribution.
Elimination Route
Povidone-Iodine is intended for topical application and is not absorbed.
Half Life
Povidone-Iodine is intended for topical application and is not eliminated.
Clearance
Povidone-Iodine is intended for topical application and is not eliminated.
Elimination Route
Povidone-Iodine is intended for topical application and is not eliminated.
Pregnancy & Breastfeeding use
Pregnancy Category D. There is positive evidence of human fetal risk based on adverse reaction data from investigational or marketing experience or studies in humans, but potential benefits may warrant use of the drug in pregnant women despite potential risks.
Contraindication
Hypersensitivity; prolonged use in patients with thyroid disorders or on lithium therapy. Special caution is needed when regular applications to broken skin are made to patients with pre-existing renal insufficiency. Regular use should be avoided in patients on concurrent lithium therapy.
Innovators Monograph
You find simplified version here Nicodine
FAQ
What is Nicodine used for?
Nicodine is an antiseptic used for skin disinfection before and after surgery. It may be used both to disinfect the hands of healthcare providers and the skin of the person they are caring for. It may also be used for minor wounds. Nicodine is also used as a surgical hand scrub and to wash the skin and surface of the eye before surgery to help prevent infections.
How safe is Nicodine?
Nicodine can safely be used in the nose at concentrations up to 1.25% and in the mouth at concentrations up to 2.5% for up to 5 months.
How long does Nicodine last?
Nicodine works by releasing iodine which results in the death of a range of microorganisms.
What are the common side effects of Nicodine?
Common side effects of Nicodine are include:
- swelling, pain, warmth, redness, oozing, or other signs of infection;
- blistering or crusting; or.
- severe irritation, itching, or burning.
Is Nicodine safe during pregnancy?
In pregnant women, vaginitis should not be treated with Nicodine because of the possible development of iodine-induced goiter and hypothyroidism in the fetus and newborn. The risk is especially high when Nicodine is used repeatedly.
Is Nicodine safe during breastfeeding?
The use of Nicodine in the mother near term and during breastfeeding increases breastmilk iodine levels and can cause transient hypothyroidism in breastfed infants, especially in geographic areas that are iodine deficient.
Can I mix Nicodine with alcohol?
The most effective disinfectant to combine with alcohol has not been established in the literature.
When should be taken of Nicodine?
Use once every 2 hours as needed. To use Nicodine topical as a mouth rinse, gargle or swish the liquid for 30 seconds, then spit it out.Use up to 4 times per day.
Can I take Nicodine everyday?
Nicodine first aid products are generally safe for daily use for up to 1 week as described in the product directions. If the condition persists or gets worse, or if you need to use Nicodine Antiseptic First Aid products for more than 1 week, stop usage and consult your physician.
Can I take Nicodine on an empty stomach?
The Nicodine tablets should preferably not be taken on an empty stomach. Taking them can be made easier especially for children by dissolving the tablet in a drink, e.g. water or tea.
How long does it take Nicodine to disinfect?
Nicodine concentrations in the range 5-10 ppm were found to be effective against different types of microorganisms within 10 min.
How long can I use Nicodine ?
Nicodine can make certain skin conditions worse. Only use it for conditions for which your doctor or health care professional has prescribed. Unless told to do so by your doctor or health care professional, do not use for longer than 1 week or over large areas of the body.
How often can I use Nicodine?
Use up to 4 times per day. You should not use Nicodine topical for longer than 7 days without medical advice.
Is Nicodine bad for kidneys?
Serious kidney damage can be caused by the iodine-containing dyes that doctors use to enhance the quality of medical scans. These dyes are called contrast agents, and are usually given intravenously before a CT scan, angiogram or other test.
What happens if I take too much Nicodine?
High Nicodine intakes can also cause thyroid gland inflammation and thyroid cancer. Getting a very large dose of Nicodine can cause burning of the mouth, throat, and stomach; fever; stomach pain; nausea; vomiting; diarrhea; weak pulse; and coma.
Can I overdose on Nicodine?
Acute Nicodine toxicity is rare and is often difficult to recognize. Clinical manifestations may range from nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea to delirium, stupor, and shock.
Does Nicodine help the liver?
In addition, excess Nicodine was found to be organ specific in that it did not significantly change liver lysosomal enzyme activity or stabilize isolated liver lysosomes.
Is Nicodine bad for high blood pressure?
It can lead to high blood pressure during pregnancy for the mother, and mental retardation for the baby.
Can too much Nicodine cause weight gain?
Take too much Nicodine can cause the thyroid to slow down or even stop producing hormones in certain people the opposite effect of what many people hope these supplements will do for them. That can result in weight gain and fatigue, and can increase your risk of cardiovascular disease.
What should if I miss a dose of Nicodine?
Skip the missed dose and use your next dose at the regular time. Do not use two doses at one time.
What should if I overdose on Nicodine?
An overdose of povidone iodine topical is not expected to be dangerous. Seek emergency medical attention if anyone has accidentally swallowed the medicine.Symptom of overdose from swallowing povidone iodine topical may include stomach pain, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, fever, extreme thirst, or being unable to urinate.
