Nitrofurantoin + Nitrofurantoin Microcrystals

Nitrofurantoin + Nitrofurantoin Microcrystals Uses, Dosage, Side Effects, Food Interaction and all others data.

Each capsule contains two forms of nitrofurantoin. Twenty-five percent is macrocrystalline nitrofurantoin, which has slower dissolution and absorption than nitrofurantoin monohydrate. The remaining 75% is nitrofurantoin monohydrate contained in a powder blend which, upon exposure to gastric and intestinal fluids, forms a gel matrix that releases nitrofurantoin over time. This capsule is highly soluble in urine, to which it may impart a brown color. When administered with food, the bioavailability of nitrofurantoin is increased by approximately 40%.

Nitrofurantoin + Nitrofurantoin Microcrystals
Uses
Dosage
Side Effect
Precautions
Interactions
Uses during Pregnancy
Uses during Breastfeeding
Accute Overdose
Food Interaction
Half Life
Volume of Distribution
Clearance
Interaction With other Medicine
Contradiction
Storage

Trade Name	Nitrofurantoin + Nitrofurantoin Microcrystals
Generic	Nitrofurantoin + Nitrofurantoin Microcrystals
Type
Therapeutic Class	Systemic Urinary Anti- infective
Manufacturer
Available Country	Bangladesh
Last Updated:	September 24, 2024 at 5:38 am

Nitrofurantoin + Nitrofurantoin Microcrystals

Uses

For the treatment of and prophylaxis against acute or recurrent, uncomplicated lower urinary tract infections or pyelitis either spontaneous or following surgical procedures. Nitrofurantoin is specifically used for the treatment of infections when due to susceptible strains of Escherichia coli, enterococci, staphylococci, Citrobacter, Klebsiella and Enterobacter.

Nitrofurantoin + Nitrofurantoin Microcrystals is also used to associated treatment for these conditions: Acute Cystitis, Urinary Tract Infection

How Nitrofurantoin + Nitrofurantoin Microcrystals works

Nitrofurantoin is converted by bacterial nitroreductases to electrophilic intermediates which inhibit the citric acid cycle as well as synthesis of DNA, RNA, and protein.

Dosage

Nitrofurantoin + Nitrofurantoin Microcrystals dosage

Adults and Pediatric Patients Over 12 Years: One 100 mg capsule every 12 hours for seven days. Capsules should be taken with food.

The administration of high doses of nitrofurantoin to rats causes temporary spermatogenic arrest; this is reversible on discontinuing the drug. Doses of 10 mg/kg/day or greater in healthy human males may, in certain unpredictable instances, produce a slight to moderate spermatogenic arrest with a decrease in sperm count.

Nitrofurantoin should be taken with food.

Side Effects

In clinical trials of Macrobid, the most frequent clinical adverse events that were reported as possibly or probably drug related were nausea (8%), headache (6%), and flatulence (1.5%)

Toxicity

Symptoms of overdose include vomiting. In case of overdose, induce vomiting if it has not already occurred and increase fluid intake to promote urination. In extreme cases, nitrofurantoin can be removed from circulation by dialysis.

Precaution

If acute, sub-acute, or chronic pulmonary reactions occur, Nitrofurantoin should be discontinued. Antacid preparations containing magnesium trisilicate should not be taken while taking Nitrofurantoin

Interaction

Antacids containing magnesium trisilicate, when administered concomitantly with nitrofurantoin, reduce both the rate and extent of absorption. The mechanism for this interaction probably is adsorption of nitrofurantoin onto the surface of magnesium trisilicate. Uricosuric drugs, such as probenecid and sulfinpyrazone, can inhibit renal tubular secretion of nitrofurantoin. The resulting increase in nitrofurantoin serum levels may increase toxicity, and the decreased urinary levels could lessen its efficacy as a urinary tract antibacterial

Volume of Distribution

Data regarding the volume of distribution in humans is scarce but it has been reported as 0.46L/kg in dogs.

Elimination Route

Nitrofurantoin reaches a C_max of 0.875-0.963mg/L with an AUC of 2.21-2.42mg*h/L. It is 38.8-44.3% bioavailable. Taking nitrofurantoin with food increases the absorption and duration of therapeutic concentrations in the urine.

Half Life

The half life of nitrofurantoin is 0.72-0.78h.

Clearance

The clearance of nitrofurantoin is 16.7-19.4L/h.

Elimination Route

27-50% of an oral dose is excreted in the urine as unchanged nitrofurantoin. 90% of the total dose is eliminated in the urine.

Pregnancy & Breastfeeding use

Pregnancy Category B. Nitrofurantoin has been detected in human breast milk in trace amounts. Because of the potential for serious adverse reactions from nitrofurantoin in nursing infants under one month of age, a decision should be made whether to discontinue nursing or to discontinue the drug, taking into account the importance of the drug to the mother.

Contraindication

Anuria, oliguria, or significant impairment of renal function are contraindications. This drug is contraindicated in pregnant patients at 38-42 weeks, during labor and delivery. Nitrofurantoin is also contraindicated in those patients with known hypersensitivity to Nitrofurantoin

Acute Overdose

Occasional incidents of acute overdosage of nitrofurantoin have not resulted in any specific symptoms other than vomiting. Induction of emesis is recommended. There is no specific antidote, but a high fluid intake should be maintained to promote urinary excretion of the drug. Nitrofurantoin is dialyzable.